Mortality Rate of CNS neoplasms in childhood in Brazil

Background: The variety of tumors of the Central Nervous System (CNS) during childhood is related to heterogenous clinical manifestations and to an important mortality rate (MR). In Brazil, CNS tumors represent the second most incident cancer during childhood and the main cause of death of children between ages 0-9. Objectives: To describe the number of hospitalizations and the MR of CNS neoplasms by childhood age group in Brazil. Design and Methods: This is a descriptive ecological study based on secondary data, obtained from DATASUS. Data were collected regarding the number of hospitalizations and MR by childhood age group due to neoplasm of the CNS in Brazil between the years 2009-2019. Results: A total of 38192 hospitalizations happened, resulting in 5.91% of MR. The highest value of brain’s neoplasms MR was found in children up to 1 year old (9,34%), but when it comes to number of hospitalizations, the group between ages 5-9 had the highest number, both in neoplasms of the brain (9364) and of other parts of the CNS (1767). Conclusions: The present study pointed out that the childhood age group with the lowest number of hospitalizations (less than 1 year) presented simultaneously the highest MR of CNS tumors.

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Dengue infection in mice inoculated by the intracerebral route: neuropathological effects and identification of target cells for virus replication

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-54474-7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

J. F. S. Amorim ◽

A. S. Azevedo ◽

S. M. Costa ◽

G. F. Trindade ◽

C. A. Basílio-de-Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dengue Infection ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Target Cells ◽

Histopathological Analysis ◽

Mice Model ◽

Pia Mater ◽

Neurological Morbidity ◽

Life Threatening ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

The Brain

AbstractDengue is an important arboviral infection, causing a broad range symptom that varies from life-threatening mild illness to severe clinical manifestations. Recent studies reported the impairment of the central nervous system (CNS) after dengue infection, a characteristic previously considered as atypical and underreported. However, little is known about the neuropathology associated to dengue. Since animal models are important tools for helping to understand the dengue pathogenesis, including neurological damages, the aim of this work was to investigate the effects of intracerebral inoculation of a neuroadapted dengue serotype 2 virus (DENV2) in immunocompetent BALB/c mice, mimicking some aspects of the viral encephalitis. Mice presented neurological morbidity after the 7th day post infection. At the same time, histopathological analysis revealed that DENV2 led to damages in the CNS, such as hemorrhage, reactive gliosis, hyperplastic and hypertrophied microglia, astrocyte proliferation, Purkinje neurons retraction and cellular infiltration around vessels in the pia mater and in neuropil. Viral tropism and replication were detected in resident cells of the brain and cerebellum, such as neurons, astrocyte, microglia and oligodendrocytes. Results suggest that this classical mice model might be useful for analyzing the neurotropic effect of DENV with similarities to what occurs in human.

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Brain Grafting as a Treatment for Parkinson's Disease

Neurosurgery ◽

10.1227/00006123-198702000-00026 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 335-342 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Mark J. Perlow

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Dopamine Neurons ◽

Clinical Aspects ◽

Pathological Changes ◽

Pharmacological Treatments ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

The Brain

Abstract Parkinson's disease is an illness with neuropathological and neuroanatomical abnormalities in many areas of the central nervous system. Some clinical manifestations of this illness are correlated with pathological changes in the substantia nigra and with a loss of dopamine in the nigra and striatum. The most effective pharmacological treatments have used agents that either replace the lost dopamine or act as agonists on dopamine receptors. Recent studies in animal models of Parkinson's disease demonstrate that the loss of dopamine and many clinical manifestations of dopamine reduction can be reversed by transplantation of fetal dopamine-containing cells to specific dopamine-depleted areas of the brain. Long term viability of these transplants has also been demonstrated. The author suggests that the transplantation of dopamine neurons, even across species barriers, is a reasonable consideration for the treatment of human Parkinson's disease. This article reviews in detail the results of recent experiments and how the experience in these models might be utilized in determining a transplantation strategy for the treatment of specific clinical aspects of this illness.

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Modern aspects of neuropathogenesis and neurological manifestations of COVID-19

INTERNATIONAL NEUROLOGICAL JOURNAL ◽

10.22141/2224-0713.17.2.2021.229887 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 6-15

Author(s):

L.A. Dziak ◽

O.S. Tsurkalenko ◽

K.V. Chekha ◽

V.M. Suk

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Psychiatric Symptoms ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

The Body ◽

Altered Level ◽

Wide Range ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

The Brain

Coronavirus infection is a systemic pathology resulting in impairment of the nervous system. The involvement of the central nervous system in COVID-19 is diverse by clinical manifestations and main mechanisms. The mechanisms of interrelations between SARS-CoV-2 and the nervous system include a direct virus-induced lesion of the central nervous system, inflammatory-mediated impairment, thrombus burden, and impairment caused by hypoxia and homeostasis. Due to the multi-factor mechanisms (viral, immune, hypoxic, hypercoagulation), the SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause a wide range of neurological disorders involving both the central and peripheral nervous system and end organs. Dizziness, headache, altered level of consciousness, acute cerebrovascular diseases, hypogeusia, hyposmia, peripheral neuropathies, sleep disorders, delirium, neuralgia, myalgia are the most common signs. The structural and functional changes in various organs and systems and many neurological symptoms are determined to persist after COVID-19. Regardless of the numerous clinical reports about the neurological and psychiatric symptoms of COVID-19 as before it is difficult to determine if they are associated with the direct or indirect impact of viral infection or they are secondary to hypoxia, sepsis, cytokine reaction, and multiple organ failure. Penetrated the brain, COVID-19 can impact the other organs and systems and the body in general. Given the mechanisms of impairment, the survivors after COVID-19 with the infection penetrated the brain are more susceptible to more serious diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, cognitive decline, multiple sclerosis, and other autoimmune diseases. Given the multi-factor pathogenesis of COVID-19 resulting in long-term persistence of the clinical symptoms due to impaired neuroplasticity and neurogenesis followed by cholinergic deficiency, the usage of Neuroxon® 1000 mg a day with twice-day dosing for 30 days. Also, a long-term follow-up and control over the COVID-19 patients are recommended for the prophylaxis, timely determination, and correction of long-term complications.

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Rates of hospitalizations for epilepsy in children between 2014 and 2020 in Bahia

10.5327/1516-3180.707 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Maria Grasiele dos Anjos Gois ◽

Laura Magalhães Guitzel ◽

Layne Nunes Lins ◽

Thaís Lima Barreto ◽

Daniele Santos Fonseca ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Public Consultation ◽

High Rate ◽

Concomitant Disease ◽

Age Group ◽

Electrical Discharges ◽

Unified Health System ◽

Hospital Production ◽

The Brain

Background: Epilepsy is a neurological disease characterized by abnormal and excessive electrical discharges in the brain, with the occurrence of two or more seizures during 12 months, without causing fever, traumatic brain injury, hydroelectrolytic alteration or concomitant disease. Knowing the panorama of hospitalizations makes it possible to manage and direct resources in order to adapt to the needs of the age group. Objectives: Compare the age groups in relation to the number of hospitalizations for Epilepsy in Bahia between 2014 and 2020. Methods: Work carried out based on secondary data through public consultation to the DataSUS platform, through the Hospital Production System of the Unified Health System (SIH- SUS). All cases of hospitalization for epilepsy in children between January 2014 and December 2020, in the state of Bahia, were included. Results: The age group that presented the highest rate of hospitalization was 1-4 years old with an average of 39.49%, followed by the age group between 5-9 years old with 20.16%, in addition to those younger than 1 year old with 16, 70%, with the age groups between 10-14 years old and 15-19 being the last with 13.65% and 10% respectively. Conclusions: It is observed that there is a higher incidence rate of hospitalizations in children under 9 years of age, explained by the high rate of epilepsy that evolve, most of the time, with the disappearance in adolescence, elucidating the lowest rates in the age group over 10 years.

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Gambaran Komplikasi Otitis Media Supuratif Kronis Tipe Bahaya di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang Tahun 2017-2019

Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Indonesia ◽

10.25077/jikesi.v1i3.111 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 393-402

Author(s):

Lucinda Patesia Amada Rumadas ◽

Jacky Munilson ◽

Dian Pertiwi

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Otitis Media ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Descriptive Study ◽

Age Group ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Suppurative Otitis Media ◽

Major Health Problem ◽

Major Health ◽

Intracranial Complications

Background. Atticoantral type of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) becomes a major health problem in developing countries. This condition has potential to be hard becaused complications that occur. Objective. This objectives of this study was to decribe atticoantral type complications CSOM at Dr M Djamil Hospital Padang years 2017-2019. Methode: This was a descriptive study using secondary data from medical record of patients diagnosed with atticoantral type CSOM at Dr M Djamil Hospital Padang periode 2017-2019. This study involved outpatients and inpatient with total subject 242 who qualify inclusion criteria. Sampling technic used total sampling technic Results. There are 242 cases atticoantral CSOM with the most age group years ˃10-20 and more men than woman. The Incidence of complications was founded to be 9,1% with the most intracranial complications age group years ˃20-30, while the most age group in intratemporal complications were years ˃10-20 and more experienced by men than women. Mortality rate was found 9,1% in intrakranial complications and no cases mortality rate in intratemporal complication. Conclusion. The incidence of compliations CSOM atticoantral type in RSUP Dr M Djamil still quite high.

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Analysis of hospitalization rates for epilepsy in children between 2014 and 2020 in Bahia

10.5327/1516-3180.495 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Maria Grasiele dos Anjos Gois ◽

Layne Nunes Lins ◽

Daniele Santos Fonseca ◽

Camila Osterne Muniz ◽

Marina Behne Mucci ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Public Consultation ◽

High Rate ◽

Concomitant Disease ◽

Age Group ◽

Unified Health System ◽

Hospitalization Rates ◽

Hospital Production ◽

The Brain

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Radiology of the central nervous system of patients in the acute phase of СOVID-19

HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders ◽

10.22328/2077-9828-2021-13-2-20-32 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 20-32

Author(s):

T. N. Trofimova ◽

P. L. Andropova ◽

Zh. I. Savintseva ◽

N. A. Belyakov

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Respiratory Tract ◽

Sinus Thrombosis ◽

Acute Hypoxia ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Main Idea ◽

Endothelial Damage ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

The Brain

This article, being based on the analysis of literature and the author’s own materials, outlines the features of the lesion of the central nervous system in a new coronavirus infection. The main idea is that despite the primary damage to the respiratory tract, SARS-CoV-2 can be attributed to a number of signs as neurotropic viruses, which is ultimately realized by the transport of the pathogen COVID-19 from the place of primary localization — the respiratory tract to the human brain. The virus is capable of hitting all possible pathways of being transferred through tissues and within a short time appears in the brain, interacting with ACE2 receptors and co-receptors, which are expressed in almost all brain cells, neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microgliocytes, which carry out the main functional tasks of the brain. The clinical part is devoted to radiation diagnosis of lesions of the nervous system caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. Analysis of the literature has made it possible to identify radiation variants of CNS lesions in COVID-19, illustrating the main clinical manifestations of the disease. There are several main clinical and morphological variants of CNS damage in COVID-19 1: acute ischemic stroke, acute encephalopathy, due to massive diffuse damage to the endothelium against the background of vasculitis / endotheliitis, occurring both with and without signs of cerebral artery thrombosis, hemorrhages, primarily of the type of small petechiae, polyetiologic in nature (endothelial damage, acute hypoxia, microembolism). In addition, hemorrhages can be a consequence of venous infarction against the background of sinus thrombosis. Radiological methods can diagnose multi-step lesions of the supra- and subtentorial white matter, vasculitis, in particular Susak’s syndrome, posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy — PRES, leukoencephalopathy, delayed post-hypoxic leukoencephalopathy, Miller–Fischer’s polyneuropathy (Guillain-Barre syndrome), syndrome.

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The epidemiology and health burden of neurocysticercosis in tertiary hospital of Nepal

Journal of Chitwan Medical College ◽

10.3126/jcmc.v4i2.10854 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 13-16

Author(s):

RB Sah ◽

L Subedi ◽

N Pandey ◽

BP Sah ◽

S Jha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Tertiary Hospital ◽

Health Concern ◽

Age Group ◽

Public Health Concern ◽

Medical College ◽

The Past ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Record Section

Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is the most common parasitic infestation of the central nervous system and is one of the major public health problems in developing nations like Nepal. This study was conducted to find out total number of neurocysticercosis cases in BPKIHS from 2005 to 2013 AD and to know the duration for which cases were admitted and improvement seen in them. This is a hospital based retrospective study conducted from 31st March to 13th April 2014 to see the number of NCC in B P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan of Nepal, a tertiary level referral hospital in the Eastern Nepal. It was study in which secondary data, consistent with the diagnosis of Neurocysticercosis was collected from the Medical Record Section of BPKIHS and reviewed. One hundred fourteen cases of neurocysticercosis were enrolled. The patients were predominantly males (nearly 63.2%) and it was more commonly seen in 2-20 years age group (42%). Most of the cases were from Sunsari District. Most of the patients (63.2%) were admitted in Medicine wards. Almost 90.4% of admitted Neurocysticercosis cases were improved in BPKIHS. The trend of Neurocysticercosis cases did not show any showed any consistent pattern in the past nine years. We conclude that the problem of Neurocysticercosis is common and has become a key public health concern for all. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v4i2.10854 Journal of Chitwan Medical College 2014; 4(2): 13-16

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MR imaging of the central nervous system in diving-related decompression illness

Acta Radiologica ◽

10.1080/02841859709172107 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 38 (6) ◽

pp. 940-944 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

M. Reuter ◽

K. Tetzlaff ◽

A. Hutzelmann ◽

G. Fritsch ◽

J.-C. Steffens ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mr Imaging ◽

Decompression Sickness ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Decompression Illness ◽

Mr Images ◽

Cerebrovascular Lesions ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Low Sensitivity ◽

Spinal Damage ◽

The Brain

Purpose: This investigation was conducted to determine whether MR imaging showed cerebral or spinal damage in acute diving-related decompression illness, a term that includes decompression sickness (DCS) and arterial gas embolism (AGE) Material and Methods: A total of 16 divers with dysbaric injuries were examined after the initiation of therapeutic recompression. Their injuries comprised: neurological DCS II n=8; AGE n=7; combined cerebral-AGE/spinal-DCS n=1. T1- and T2-weighted images of the brain were obtained in 2 planes. in addition, the spinal cord was imaged in 7 subjects. the imaging findings were correlated with the neurological symptoms Results: MR images of the head showed ischemic cerebrovascular lesions in 6/8 patients with AGE but showed focal hyperintensities in only 2/8 divers with DCS. Spinalcord involvement was detected in 1/7 examinations, which was the combined cerebral-AGE/spinal-DCS case. There was agreement between the locations of the documented lesions and the clinical manifestations Conclusion: MR readily detects cerebral damage in AGE but yields low sensitivity in DCS. A negative MR investigation cannot rule out AGE or DCS. However, MR is useful in the examination of patients with decompression illness

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Gambaran Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Perilaku Masyarakat Tentang Penyakit Meningitis di Kelurahan Soataloara II Kecamatan Tahuna Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe

e-CliniC ◽

10.35790/ecl.5.2.2017.17116 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Eka A. S. S. Pangandaheng ◽

Arthur H.P. Mawuntu ◽

Winifred Karema

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Field Survey ◽

Descriptive Study ◽

Survey Method ◽

Age Group ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Level Of Knowledge ◽

Almost All ◽

And Behavior ◽

The Brain

Abstract: Meningitis is a disease that occurs due to inflammation or infection of the meniges of the brain. This disease has a high mortality rate, including in Indonesia. This study was aimed to obtain the description of the level of knowledge and behavior of people about meningitis in Soataloara II Tahuna. This was a descriptive study with a field survey method by using questionnairres. The results showed that there were 86 respondents who met the inclusion criteria, consisted of 45 females (52.32%) and 41 males (47.68%). The highest percentage was age group 21-40 years as many as 43 respondents (50.00%). According to 68 respondents (79.06%), meningitis was caused by infections due to viruses, bacteria, germs, and fungi that resulted in inflamation of the meninges. Respondents that did not agree with lumbar puncture were as many as 54 respondents (62.79%). Conclusion: Almost all respondents had not enough knowledge about meningitis and only occasionally maintained the sanitation of their environment.Keywords: meningitis, infection, meningen Abstrak: Meningitis merupakan suatu penyakit yang diakibatkan oleh adanya peradangan atau infeksi pada selaput pelindung otak. Meningitis mempunyai angka mortalitas yang tinggi termasuk dinegara Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran tingkat pengetahuan dan perilaku masyarakat tentang penyakit meningitis di Kelurahan Soataloara II Kecamatan Tahuna Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif dengan metode survei lapangan menggunakan kuesioner. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan sebanyak 86 responden yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian terdiri dari 45 orang perempuan (52,32%), dan 41 orang laki-laki (47,68%). Golongan usia responden terbanyak berusia 21-40 tahun 43 (50,00%). Terdapat 68 responden (79,06%) yang berpendapat bahwa penyakit meningitis diakibatkan oleh infeksi virus, bakteri, kuman, dan jamur yang meradang di dalam selaput otak. Responden yang tidak menyetujui jika dokter meminta untuk dilakukan pemeriksaan pungsi lumbal sebanyak 54 orang (62,79%). Simpulan: Sebagian besar responden belum mengetahui tentang penyakit meningitis, dan hanya kadang-kadang menjaga kebersihan lingkungannya.Kata kunci: meningitis, infeksi, selaput otak

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