Positive rate of COVID 19 in the setting of GGH Ghulam Muhammadabad

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1706-1708
Author(s):  
Babar Rafiq Khan ◽  
Mazhar Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Saleem ◽  
Muhammad Hanif
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Standard Method ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Set Up

Background: The corona virus disease also known as COVID-19 has opened gates to a lot of research about detection, treatment and prevention in the last past year due to lack of information regarding the SARS-CoV-2 virus. PCR corona via nasopharyngeal swab is the standard method of detection in our set-up. Materials and methods: Nasopharyngeal swabs were taken by ENT department using precautions and following proper SOPs. Swabs were sent for rRT-PCR tests. Data was collected and analyzed. All the subjects meeting the inclusion criteria were included in study. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Frequency and percentage was calculated for gender. Positivity rate was calculated using CDC formula. Study design: - Descriptive studies Place and Duration of Study: - Government General Hospital, Ghulam Muhammadabad, Faisalabad. 889 samples were taken from 7.1.2020 to 6.12.2020. Results: Standard PCR for corona test by nasopharyngeal route was taken of suspected corona patients and of patients with contact with corona positive patients. 894 samples were taken from 7.1.2020 to 6.12.2020. 263 were positive for corona. The calculated positive rate is 29.41%. Conclusions: Calculation of positive rates is a very easy metric to give us a quick overview of the spread of the virus. Keywords: COVID-19, Positive rates, PCR-Corona

HUBUNGAN ANTARA UMUR IBU DAN JARAK KEHAMILAN DENGAN KEJADIAN PERDARAHAN POSTPARTUM DI RUANG KEBIDANAN RSUD KOTA PRABUMULIH TAHUN 2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Desti Widya Astuti Desti Widya Astuti
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
District General Hospital ◽  
Study Data ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Post Partum Bleeding

ABSTRAK   Berdasarkan data di RSUD Kota Prabumulih bahwa terdapat peningkatan jumlah kejadian perdarahan post partum, tahun 2014 sebanyak 178 orang, tahun 2015 sebanyak 246 orang dan tahun 2016 sebanyak 151 orang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan umur ibu dan jarak kehamilan terhadap kejadian perdarahan post partum di RSUD Kota Prabumulih Tahun 2016. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional. Populasi yang digunakan adalah semua ibu bersalin di RSUD Kota Prabumulih, sebanyak 1.296 ibu bersalin dan 306 sampel. Pengambilan sampel dengan mengunakan random sampling, analisa data menggunakan analisa univariat dan bivariat dengan menggunakan uji statistik chi-square dengan derajat kemaknaan 0,05. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa dari 288 ibu bersalin terdapat 151 yang mengalami perdarahan post partum sebagian besar adalah ibu dengan umur resiko tinggi sebanyak 43 orang  (40,9%) dan ibu dengan jarak kehamilan resiko tinggi sebanyak 21 orang (17,3%). Hasil uju chi-square umur didapatkan p.value 0,000 < α 0,05 dan uji chi-square untuk jarak kehamilan didapatkan p.value 0,000 < α 0,05. Maka ada hubungan umur ibu dan jarak kehamilan terhadap kejadian perdarahan post partum di RSUD Kota Prabumulih Tahun 2016. ABSTRACK   Based on the data at District General Hospital (RSUD) Prabumulih, there was increasing of post-partum bleeding, in 2014, there were 178 people. In 2015, there were 246 people. And in 2016, there were 151 people. The purpose of the study was to know relationship between maternal mother and the distance and old post-partum bleedingat District General Hospital (RSUD) Prabumulih in 2013. The study was analytic researchwith cross sectional design. Population thas was used in the study was all maternal mother ar District General Hospital (RSUD) Prabumulih. It was about 1.296 maternal mother and from 306. Random sampilng was done in the study, data analyses used univariate and bivariate analyses by using chi-square statistic test with significance level 0,05. The study result showed that from 306 maternal mother, there were 151 mother who experienced old post-partum bleeding, the large of that was high maternal mother 43 people  (40,9%) and mother age high distance 21 people (17,3%). The result of chi-square test was p value 0,000 < α 0,05 and chi-square test for age was p value 0,000 < α 0,05. It meant that there was relationship between maternal mother and the distance and of post-partum bleeding at District General Hospital (RSUD) Prabumulih in 2016.

Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A Narrative Review Based on Current Status

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rina Das ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Mehta ◽  
Meenakshi Dhanawat
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
World Health ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
First Case ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract:: A novel virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), appeared and expanded globally by the end of year in 2019 from Wuhan, China, causing severe acute respiratory syndrome. During its initial stage, the disease was called the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). It was named COVID-19 by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11 February 2020. The WHO declared worldwide the SARS-CoV-2 virus a pandemic on March 2020. On 30 January 2020 the first case of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) was reported in India. Now in current situation the virus is floating in almost every part of the province and rest of the globe. -: On the basis of novel published evidences, we efficiently summarized the reported work with reference to COVID-19 epidemiology, pathogen, clinical symptoms, treatment and prevention. Using several worldwide electronic scientific databases such as Pubmed, Medline, Embase, Science direct, Scopus, etc were utilized for extensive investigation of relevant literature. -: This review is written in the hope of encouraging the people successfully with the key learning points from the underway efforts to perceive and manage SARS-CoV-2, suggesting sailent points for expanding future research.

Statistical Analysis of Avian Reproduction Studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W Green ◽  
Manousos Foudoulakis ◽  
Timothy Fredricks ◽  
Tiffany Carro ◽  
Jonathan Maul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Model Averaging ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Avian Reproduction ◽  
Reproduction Study ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Regulatory Risk Assessment

Abstract Avian reproduction studies for regulatory risk assessment are undergoing review by regulatory authorities, often leading to requests for statistical re-analysis of older studies using newer methods, sometimes with older study data that do not support these newer methods. We propose detailed statistical protocols with updated statistical methodology for use with both new and older studies and recommend improvements in experimental study design to set-up future studies for robust statistical analyses. There is increased regulatory and industry attention to the potential use of benchmark dose (BMD) methodology to derive the point of departure in avian reproduction studies, to be used as the endpoint in regulatory risk assessment. We present benefits and limitations of this BMD approach for older studies being re-evaluated and for new studies designed for with BMD analysis anticipated. Model averaging is recommended as preferable to model selection for BMD analysis. Even for a new study following the modified experimental design analyses with BMD methodology will only be possible for a restricted set of response variables. The judicious use of historical control data, identification of outlier data points, increased use of distributions more consistent with the nature of the data collected as opposed to forcing normality-based methods, and trend-based hypothesis tests are shown to be effective for many studies, but limitations on their applicability are also recognized and explained. Updated statistical methodologies are illustrated with case studies conducted under existing regulatory guidelines that have been submitted for product registrations. Through the adoption of improved avian reproduction study design elements combined with the suggested revised statistical methodologies the conduct, analyses, and utility of avian reproduction studies for avian risk assessments can be improved.

Comparison of Working Length Determination in Mandibular Single-Rooted Teeth

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Ruqayya Sana ◽  
Farzana Rehman ◽  
Farzana Rehman ◽  
Rashid Javaid
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Conventional Radiograph ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Working Length ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Electronic Apex Locator

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to compare working length calculated with conventional radiographs and an electronic apex locator (IPEX II) during the root canal treatment of mandibular anterior teeth. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study was done in the Department of Operative Dentistry, Sardar Begum Dental Hospital, Peshawar during February and March 2018. A consecutive sampling technique was used for sampling. Only 30 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria of our study. Detailed medical and dental history was taken. Only patient fulfilling inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. RESULTS: The mean age for patients was 45.33±5.16. 33% out of 30 patients (10) were male and 20 were females. The mean working length calculated from radiographs was 22.25±1.29 (min 20.09-max 24.10). The mean working length calculated by the electronic apex locator (IPEX II) was 22.17±1.28 (min 20.00-max 24.07). The mean difference between working length calculated by radiograph and electronic apex locator was -0.084mm, which means the working length determined by radiographs and by electronic apex locator has no difference in mandibular anterior teeth with single canals. CONCLUSION: Both the methods can be used effectively in endodontics for single-rooted mandibular teeth, but if both are used in combinations can lead to an improvement in the working length accuracy, which may significantly reduce the number of radiographs exposure, and increase the success and comfort for endodontic patients. KEYWORDS: Working Length, Apex Locator, Conventional Radiograph

Determining the prevalence and incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in prisons in England: the Rationale, Conceptualization and Design of the COVID in Prisons Study (CiPS) (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Plugge ◽  
Danielle Burke ◽  
Maciej Czachorowski ◽  
Kerry Gutridge ◽  
Fiona Maxwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase 1 ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Community Factors ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Serious Disease

BACKGROUND There are over 80,000 people imprisoned in England and Wales in 117 prisons. The management of the COVID-19 pandemic presents particular challenges in this setting where the confined, crowded and poorly ventilated conditions facilitate the rapid spread of infectious diseases. The consequences for imprisoned people are likely to be serious given the high proportion of individuals with risk factors for serious disease and death. OBJECTIVE The COVID-19 in Prison Study (CiPS) aims to examine the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in prisons in England in order to inform public health policy and practice during the pandemic and the recovery period. METHODS CiPS Phase 1 comprises a repeated panel survey of prison residents and staff in a sample of 28 prisons across England, selected to be as representative of the closed prison estate as possible. All residents and all staff in the study prisons are eligible for inclusion. Participants will be tested for SARS-CoV-2 antigens using nasopharyngeal swab twice, six weeks apart. Staff will also be tested for antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. Phase 2 focuses on SARS-CoV-2 infection in prisons with recognised COVID-19 outbreaks. Any prison in England will be eligible to participate if an outbreak is declared. In three outbreak prisons, all participating staff and residents will be tested for SARS-CoV-2 antigens at three timepoints: as soon as possible after the outbreak is declared (day 0), seven days later (day 7) and at day 28. They will be swabbed twice: a nasal swab for lateral flow device testing and a nasopharyngeal swab for PCR testing. Data will also be collected on individual, prison level and community factors. RESULTS Data collection started on 20th July 2020 and will end on 31st May 2021. As of May 2021, we had enrolled 4,192 staff members and 6,496 imprisoned people in the study. Data analysis has started and we expect to publish initial findings in summer/autumn 2021 CONCLUSIONS CiPS presents an important opportunity to gather data in a unique high-risk setting from the whole population - residents and staff alike. It will provide important epidemiological data to develop our understanding of the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in prisons and provide preliminary data on the mental wellbeing of staff and residents. However, there are huge logistical challenges compounded by the fact researchers are currently not allowed into prisons and therefore testing teams, trained in antigen testing for SARS-CoV-2 and the use of PPE must be deployed. CLINICALTRIAL Not applicable

scholarly journals USE OF SCALED SEMIVARIOGRAMS IN THE PLANNING SAMPLE OF SOIL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES IN SOUTHERN AMAZONAS, BRAZIL

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivanildo Amorim de Oliveira ◽  
Milton César Costa Campos ◽  
José Marques Junior ◽  
Renato Eleotério de Aquino ◽  
Daniel de Bortoli Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Spherical Model ◽  
Exponential Model ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Sampling Density ◽  
Sugarcane Crop ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Almost All

The lack of information concerning the variability of soil properties has been a major concern of researchers in the Amazon region. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the spatial variability of soil chemical properties and determine minimal sampling density to characterize the variability of these properties in five environments located in the south of the State of Amazonas, Brazil. The five environments were archaeological dark earth (ADE), forest, pasture land, agroforestry operation, and sugarcane crop. Regular 70 × 70 m mesh grids were set up in these areas, with 64 sample points spaced at 10 m distance. Soil samples were collected at the 0.0-0.1 m depth. The chemical properties of pH in water, OM, P, K, Ca, Mg, H+Al, SB, CEC, and V were determined at these points. Data were analyzed by descriptive and geostatistical analyses. A large part of the data analyzed showed spatial dependence. Chemical properties were best fitted to the spherical model in almost all the environments evaluated, except for the sugarcane field with a better fit to the exponential model. ADE and sugarcane areas had greater heterogeneity of soil chemical properties, showing a greater range and higher sampling density; however, forest and agroforestry areas had less variability of chemical properties.

Tobacco rosette: a complex virus disease

Parasitology ◽  
1946 ◽  
Vol 37 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 21-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Tobacco Plant ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Abnormal Tissue

An account is given of a composite virus disease of tobacco for which the name tobacco rosette has been suggested.The two component viruses, named the mottle and vein-distorting viruses respectively, have been separated, and their symptomatology and methods of transmission described. The mottle virus is both sap and aphis-transmitted, but the vein-distorting virus is aphis-borne only.The symptoms and histopathology of the complex disease in the tobacco plant are dealt with in some detail. There are three main types of symptoms: (1) intense rosetting, (2) splitting of the tissues, (3) formation of enations on the under-surface of the leaves.The splitting of the tissues has been examined microscopically, and a number of photomicrographs are given illustrating the formation of the fissures. It is suggested that there is a concentration of virus in the cambium which prevents the formation of the normal xylem. Abnormal tissue and giant cells are formed in the cortex and pith. This appears to set up stresses which cause the splitting.The insect vector of the complex disease is the aphis Myzus persicae Sulz. Another aphis, M. pseudosolani Theob., is also a vector but is less efficient than M. persicae.The writer's thanks are due to Prof. F. T. Brooks, F.R.S., with whom he discussed the histopathology of the rosette disease, to Dr Roy Markham for taking the photographs illustrating Pl. I, figs. 2–5, and to Mr Charles Harpley of the Molteno Institute for his assistance in taking' the photomicrographs.

scholarly journals Under-reported COVID-19 cases in South Asian countries

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Soban Qadir Khan ◽  
Imran Alam Moheet ◽  
Faraz Ahmed Farooqi ◽  
Muhanad Alhareky ◽  
Faisal Alonaizan
Keyword(s):  
South Asian ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Exponential Increase ◽  
The People ◽  
First Case

Background: The purpose of the study was to compare  trends in the progression of COVID-19 among South Asian countries with more developed Western countries. Methods: COVID-19 data from South Asian countries were used for this observational study. Data were taken up to April 21, 2020 from the outbreak of the COVID-19. Four of the seven countries met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. Results: An exponential increase in the average number of weekly cases was reported after the fifth week following the first case. The correlation between reported cases and tests was found to be strong and significant (r=0.90, p=0.037). However, on average, 315.25 tests per million population were performed, which was at least 12 times lower than the number of tests performed in countries with a large number of COVID-19 cases. Conclusions: At present, the number of confirmed cases from South Asia was found to be significantly lower than in Western countries. Hence, an increase in the strength of performing diagnostic tests is highly recommended. Strict measures are required to make the people of these countries follow the instructions of social distancing and comply with preventive measures.

scholarly journals Delay in presentation of acute ischemic stroke in Lahore General Hospital, Lahore

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafiq A Basharat ◽  
Kamran Rashid Mirza ◽  
Muhammad Yousuf Qamar
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Time Required

Objectives: To find out the time interval from onset of the symptoms to admission in the hospital of patients suffering from acute ischemic stroke, in order to assess the feasibility of thrombolytic therapy in Lahore General Hospital. Design: Hospital-based, prospective and observational study Setting: Lahore General Hospital Lahore. Duration: Six months from January - June 2004. Patients: Seventy two patients with acute ischemic stroke diagnosed on basis of clinical findings and CT scan. Methods: Patients o f a cute ischemic stroke including cerebral infarct, T IA, venous infarct and lacunar infarct were diagnosed on basis of clinical history, examination and CT scan and enrolled in the study. Data was collected on a Performa. Time taken by patients to reach hospital after onset of symptoms, distance of patients` residences from hospital, education level of patients and time required to do a CT scan after arrival of patient in hospital were studied. Results: 54.2% were male and mean age of patients was 60 years. 58 patients had cerebral infarction, TIA`s and venous infarction were 8 and 6 respectively. Delay in presentation was divided in three groups. Within three hours (hrs) 15 (21%) patients arrived. 54 and 18 patients arrived in 3-- 24 hrs group and >24 firs group. Mean distance was roughly 44 km. Mean distance for 0-3hrs, 3-24hrs and >24hrs group was 14, 35, and 85 Km respectively. Average time required to do CT scan was nine hours after arrival of patient in emergency department. Sixty-five percent of patients coming were illiterate. Conclusion: Majority of the patients with ischemic stroke present late to. emergency department. Many factors including distance from hospital, illiteracy, non-availability of ambulance services responsible for it. Evaluation-of patients and provision of urgent CT scan is required. in hospitals.

scholarly journals Laboratory-based surveillance for Cryptosporidium in France, 2006–2009

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (33) ◽  
Author(s):  
Collective The ANOFEL Cryptosporidium National Network
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
National Network ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Public Health Authorities ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Voluntary Basis

In 2002, the French Food Safety Agency drew attention to the lack of information on the prevalence of human cryptosporidiosis in the country. Two years later, the ANOFEL Cryptosporidium National Network (ACNN) was set up to provide public health authorities with data on the incidence and epidemiology of human cryptosporidiosis in France. Constituted on a voluntary basis, ACNN includes 38 hospital parasitology laboratories (mainly in university hospitals). Each laboratory is engaged to notify new cases of confirmed human cryptosporidiosis, store specimens (e.g. stools, duodenal aspirates or biopsies) and related clinical and epidemiological data, using datasheet forms. From January 2006 to December 2009, 407 cryptosporidiosis cases were notified in France and 364 specimens were collected. Of the notified cases, 74 were children under four years of age, accounting for 18.2%. HIV-infected and immunocompetent patients represented 38.6% (n=157) and 28% (n=114) of cases, respectively. A marked seasonal pattern was observed each year, with increased number of cases in mid to late summer and the beginning of autumn. Genotyping of 345 isolates from 310 patients identified C. parvum in 168 (54.2%) cases, C. hominis in 113 (36.4%) and other species in 29 (9.4%), including C. felis (n=15), C. meleagridis (n=4), C. canis (n=4), Cryptosporidium chipmunk genotype (n=1), Cryptosporidium rabbit genotype (n=1) and new Cryptosporidium genotypes (n=4). These data represent the first multisite report of laboratory-confirmed cases of cryptosporidiosis in France.

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