Contribution to Multi-Energy Flow Management for Building Energy Hub

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Mohamed El Khaili ◽  
Redouane Marhoum ◽  
Chaimaa Fouhad ◽  
Hassan Ouajji
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Energy Flow ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Flow Management ◽  
Fossil Energy ◽  
Energy Hub ◽  
Global Demand

Global demand for primary fossil energy continues to increase. However, the production of energy from fossil fuels, in addition to depleting available reserves, releases millions of tons of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) into the atmosphere. Thus, it is obvious that the high concentration of GHGs in the air disrupts the natural greenhouse effect and consequently causes global warming. The implementation of action plans aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions has led all countries to use clean energy sources (sun, earth, wind) called renewable energies and also to rationalize the use of energies whether based on fossil fuels or renewable. Our paper presents a modeling of the demand and its management to ensure an optimization of the energy consumption and the reduction of its bill

Lithium Might Hold the Key to our Clean Energy Future, but Will this Star Metal Fully Deliver on its Green Potential?

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-281
Author(s):  
Gabriela QUIJANO
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
North West ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
Green Potential ◽  
Phase Out ◽  
North Western

Salinas Grandes is a vast salt flat in the high-altitude Puna region of Salta and Jujuy, two north-western provinces of Argentina. It is situated in one of the world’s driest regions, with an extremely fragile ecosystem. Salinas Grandes is so iconic and beautiful that Argentinians voted it amongst the country’s top seven natural wonders in May 2019.1 In addition to its beauty, this stunning desert of salt also holds one of the largest reserves of lithium in the world. Lithium is a light and versatile metal used to produce, among other things, the lithium-ion batteries that power electric vehicles (EV). As global efforts to phase out fossil fuels from our transport systems and adopt clean energy alternatives increase, lithium is becoming increasingly critical. It is no wonder, therefore, that industry has coined it the ‘white gold’.2 Salinas Grandes is only one of many salt lakes in North West Argentina which, together with Bolivia and Chile, form what is known as the ‘lithium triangle’. It is estimated that these three countries alone account for more than half of the world’s lithium.3 Global demand for lithium to produce EV is expected to grow rapidly over the coming decade. To meet this demand, the lithium industry will require significant investment to ramp up additional supply.4 As a result, all eyes have turned to the ‘lithium triangle’ and investment in the region has soared in recent years.5 For the three developing countries, this represents a unique opportunity to attract much-needed foreign investment and boost economic growth.6

scholarly journals Greenhouse Gas Emission Transfer of Inter-Provincial Electricity Trade in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (22) ◽  
pp. 8375
Author(s):  
Wenbo Li ◽  
Ruyin Long ◽  
Linling Zhang ◽  
Zhengxia He ◽  
Feiyu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Transfer Problem ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Ripple Effect ◽  
Electricity Trade ◽  
Indirect Emission

Inter-regional electricity trade is an important way to mitigate the imbalance between regional electricity generation and consumption. With the increasing amount of inter-regional electricity trade in China, the emission transfer problem is more severe. By using Quasi-Input-Output model, which can consider the ripple effect of electricity trade network, this study analyzed embodied greenhouse gas emissions of electricity trade among 30 provinces in China. Results indicated that, in 2017, the national transfer volumes of CO2, CH4, and N2O embodied in inter-provincial electricity trade were 603.25 Mt, 6803.81 t, and 9899.25 t, respectively. Emissions are mainly transferred from the eastern to the western regions, especially to those with high proportion of electricity generated from fossil fuels. The amount of emission transfer is not consistent with that of purchased electricity, since some regions are rich in clean energy. Although direct emission transfer plays the dominant role for most province, indirect emission transfer should also be noticed. Provinces with larger indirect emission transfer generally purchase electricity from provinces with a lot of electricity inflows. The findings could help policy makers coordinate regional energy utilization strategies and issue more effective emission reduction policies in the electricity industry.

scholarly journals POTENTIAL OF AGROENERGY RESIDUES FOR THE GENERATION OF BIOGS IN THE STATE OF TOCANTINS

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (01) ◽  
pp. 67-81
Author(s):  
Denise Domingos dos Santos Martins ◽  
Juan Carlos Valdés Serra
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
The State ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Fossil Energy ◽  
Generation Capacity ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Interesting Alternative

Concerns over the depletion of traditional fossil energy sources and the consequent greenhouse effect generated by the use of fossil fuels have increased, creating a need to search for alternative sources of clean energy. Thus, this work had the objective of portraying the potential of residues from agroenergy in the State of Tocantins for generation of Biogas. This article was developed under the principle of the exploratory study, through data surveys from the State. The agroenergy residues researched were soybean, cassava (manioc), rice, sugarcane, maize, sorghum and beans. The energy potential of the studied  residues represents 3.56% of the energy generation capacity by biomass sources. The source of highest agroenergy potential for biogas generation was maize, with an energy capacity of 498.90 MW. The use of biomass as an energy source presents itself as an interesting alternative in the survey carried throughout this work.

DOI: 10.1002/chemv.202100049 Author: ChemistryViews Published Date: 31 Mai 2021 Copyright: Wiley-VCH GmbH thumbnail image: Renewable Energy Is Growing – But Not Fast Enough Related Articles News: Technical Corn Oil for Renewable Diesel News: Investing in Renewable Fuels News: Together Must Be The Motto in Europe Magazine: Brewery Waste as Renewable Energy Source For the first time, renewables have overtaken fossil fuels to become the EU's main source of electricity in 2020. This is an important step in the transformation of European electricity generation, but only a small one compared to the planned goal of 55 % greenhouse gas reductions by 2030 and climate neutrality by 2050 in Europe. The EU countries will need huge investments in infrastructure to transport renewable energies from the locations of their generation to the locations of consumption. Furthermore, for the desired transformation of European electricity generation, both pricing and taxation of energies (and greenhouse gas emissions) need to be coordinated such that the EU remains competitive and effective incentives are set. Global data also show that the overall electricity transition is not progressing in line with climate targets. Clean power generation is not yet being built fast enough to keep pace with the rising electricity demand. Wind and solar power plants make up the bulk, but their growth has slowed in recent years. Even the temporary drop in electricity demand due to the COVID-19 pandemic is not enough to put the world on track and electricity demand will undoubtedly pick up soon, especially as the world seeks to electrify all sectors that still rely on fossil fuels. Solutions and more ambition worldwide are needed urgently. European Union The chart below shows the EU's energy sources since 2020. The graph below shows the ratio of renewable to fossil energy sources in various European countries in 2020. The EU has set itself the goal of becoming climate neutral by 2050. The graph below shows the targets for 2030 and 2050 compared to the CO2 emissions since 1990. The graph below shows electricity prices in Euro per kWh in different European countries. The extreme differences are an important aspect for competitiveness. Electricity prices EU 2020 World The graph below shows the ratio of renewable to fossil energy sources in various G20 countries in 2020. The chart below shows the world's dependence on fossil fuels and how the energy needs of individual regions compare. References Agora Energiewende and Ember, The European Power Sector in 2020: Up-to-Date Analysis on the Electricity Transition, January 2021. Dave Jones, Global-Electricity-Review-2021, March 2021. Electricity price statistics, Eurostat April 2021. (accessed May 31, 2021) Also of Interest The New EU Chemicals Strategy, ChemistryViews 13 May 2021. https://doi.org/10.1002/chemv.202100040 Article Views: 82 Comment on this Article Please enter your comment Subject: Comment: Enter text Please note that to comment on an article you must be registered and logged in. Registration is for free, you may already be registered to receive, e.g., the newsletter. When you register on this website, please ensure you view our terms and conditions. All comments are subject to moderation. Article Comments Site Breadcrumb ChemViews Magazine Magazine Articles Renewable Energy Is Growing – But Not Fast Enough

ChemViews ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
ChemistryViews
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Electricity Demand ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Electricity Prices ◽  
Fossil Energy ◽  
The World ◽  
The Eu

Renewable energy selection based on a new entropy and dissimilarity measure on an interval-valued neutrosophic set

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
ShuoYan Chou ◽  
Truong ThiThuy Duong ◽  
Nguyen Xuan Thao
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Membership Function ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Multiple Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Dissimilarity Measure ◽  
Neutrosophic Set ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
And Performance

Energy plays a central part in economic development, yet alongside fossil fuels bring vast environmental impact. In recent years, renewable energy has gradually become a viable source for clean energy to alleviate and decouple with a negative connotation. Different types of renewable energy are not without trade-offs beyond costs and performance. Multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) has become one of the most prominent tools in making decisions with multiple conflicting criteria existing in many complex real-world problems. Information obtained for decision making may be ambiguous or uncertain. Neutrosophic is an extension of fuzzy set types with three membership functions: truth membership function, falsity membership function and indeterminacy membership function. It is a useful tool when dealing with uncertainty issues. Entropy measures the uncertainty of information under neutrosophic circumstances which can be used to identify the weights of criteria in MCDM model. Meanwhile, the dissimilarity measure is useful in dealing with the ranking of alternatives in term of distance. This article proposes to build a new entropy and dissimilarity measure as well as to construct a novel MCDM model based on them to improve the inclusiveness of the perspectives for decision making. In this paper, we also give out a case study of using this model through the process of a renewable energy selection scenario in Taiwan performed and assessed.

scholarly journals Energy and Greenhouse Gas Savings for LEED-Certified U.S. Office Buildings

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 749
Author(s):  
John H. Scofield ◽  
Susannah Brodnitz ◽  
Jakob Cornell ◽  
Tian Liang ◽  
Thomas Scofield
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Site Energy ◽  
New Construction

In this work, we present results from the largest study of measured, whole-building energy performance for commercial LEED-certified buildings, using 2016 energy use data that were obtained for 4417 commercial office buildings (114 million m2) from municipal energy benchmarking disclosures for 10 major U.S. cities. The properties included 551 buildings (31 million m2) that we identified as LEED-certified. Annual energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission were compared between LEED and non-LEED offices on a city-by-city basis and in aggregate. In aggregate, LEED offices demonstrated 11% site energy savings but only 7% savings in source energy and GHG emission. LEED offices saved 26% in non-electric energy but demonstrated no significant savings in electric energy. LEED savings in GHG and source energy increased to 10% when compared with newer, non-LEED offices. We also compared the measured energy savings for individual buildings with their projected savings, as determined by LEED points awarded for energy optimization. This analysis uncovered minimal correlation, i.e., an R2 < 1% for New Construction (NC) and Core and Shell (CS), and 8% for Existing Euildings (EB). The total measured site energy savings for LEED-NC and LEED-CS was 11% lower than projected while the total measured source energy savings for LEED-EB was 81% lower than projected. Only LEED offices certified at the gold level demonstrated statistically significant savings in source energy and greenhouse gas emissions as compared with non-LEED offices.

scholarly journals Synthetic models of hydrogenases based on framework structures containing coordinating P, N-atoms as hydrogen energy electrocatalysts – from molecules to materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (8) ◽  
pp. 1305-1320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulia H. Budnikova ◽  
Vera V. Khrizanforova
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
High Current Density ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Metal Derivatives ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Metal Doped

AbstractNowadays, hydrogen has become not only an extremely important chemical product but also a promising clean energy carrier for replacing fossil fuels. Production of molecular H2 through electrochemical hydrogen evolution reactions is crucial for the development of clean-energy technologies. The development of economically viable and efficient H2 production/oxidation catalysts is a key step in the creation of H2-based renewable energy infrastructure. Intrinsic limitations of both natural enzymes and synthetic materials have led researchers to explore enzyme-induced catalysts to realize a high current density at a low overpotential. In recent times, highly active widespread numerous electrocatalysts, both homogeneous or heterogeneous (immobilized on the electrode), such as transition metal complexes, heteroatom- or metal-doped nanocarbons, metal-organic frameworks, and other metal derivatives (calix [4] resorcinols, pectates, etc.), which are, to one extent or another, structural or functional analogs of hydrogenases, have been extensively studied as alternatives for Pt-based catalysts, demonstrating prospects for the development of a “hydrogen economy”. This mini-review generalizes some achievements in the field of development of new electrocatalysts for H2 production/oxidation and their application for fuel cells, mainly focuses on the consideration of the catalytic activity of M[P2N2]22+ (M = Ni, Fe) complexes and other nickel structures which have been recently obtained.

scholarly journals Engineering of TiO2 or ZnO—Graphene Oxide Nanoheterojunctions for Hybrid Solar Cells Devices

Photonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Duarte Carreira ◽  
Paulo A. Ribeiro ◽  
Maria Raposo ◽  
Susana Sério
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Electrical Characterization ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Zno Films ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Rc Circuit

It is currently of huge importance to find alternatives to fossil fuels to produce clean energy and to ensure the energy demands of modern society. In the present work, two types of hybrid solar cell devices were developed and characterized. The photoactive layers of the hybrid heterojunctions comprise poly (allylamine chloride) (PAH) and graphene oxide (GO) and TiO2 or ZnO films, which were deposited using the layer-by-layer technique and DC-reactive magnetron sputtering, respectively, onto fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO)-coated glass substrates. Scanning electron microscopy evidenced a homogeneous inorganic layer, the surface morphology of which was dependent on the number of organic bilayers. The electrical characterization pointed out that FTO/(PAH/GO)50/TiO2/Al, FTO/(PAH/GO)30/ZnO/Al, and FTO/(PAH/GO)50/ZnO/Al architectures were the only ones to exhibit a diode behavior, and the last one experienced a decrease in current in a low-humidity environment. The (PAH/GO)20 impedance spectroscopy study further revealed the typical impedance of a parallel RC circuit for a dry environment, whereas in a humid environment, it approached the impedance of a series of three parallel RC circuits, indicating that water and oxygen contribute to other conduction processes. Finally, the achieved devices should be encapsulated to work successfully as solar cells.

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