scholarly journals Combretum dolichopentalum extract normalized biochemical and haematological parameters in carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) intoxicated rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
Favour N. Ujowundu ◽  
◽  
Nathan N. Oparaeche ◽  
Chinyere Henrientta Onuoha ◽  
Moshood Abiola Haruna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation Product ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Haematological Analysis

Background: The ethanol extract of Combretum dolichopentalum (EECD) is employed in Nigeria to stabilize the uterus after parturition. The ability of EECD to confer protection on rats destabilized by moderate concentrations of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) was evaluated. Methods: Fifty rats were assigned to 5 groups of 10 rats each. The experimental animals after acclimatization were handled accordingly: Groups 1 and 2 respectively were maintained on food and water only throughout the study. Group 3, 4, and group 5 were pre-treated with 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg body weight of EECD and 50 mg/kg of silymarin for 28 respectively. All groups except group 1 were intoxicated to 0.2 ml/kg body weight of CCl4, administered via an intraperitoneal route on day 29. Serum pipetted from the blood of the rats after cardiac puncture was assayed for antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation product and serum iron, zinc and biocarbonate. Haematological analysis was also conducted. Results: Administration of CCl4 at 0.2 ml/kg b.w slightly increased the oxidizing species as indicated in the concentration of malondialdehyde in the rats while reducing the antioxidant enzymes; it increased the Iron and zinc concentrations and also the haematological parameters except for the white blood cells. However, this was corrected by pre-treatment with the EECD dosedependently. Conclusion: These characteristics portends that the crude ethanol extract of C. dolichopentalum could be employed to correct minor oxidative perturbation induced by CCl4 intoxication

scholarly journals Hematological and Histopathological Profiles of Swiss Albino Mice Infected with Plasmodium berghei upon Treatment with Cooked Tetracarpidium conophorum Seed Ethanol Extract

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-37
Author(s):  
Dada Ebenezer ◽  
Oladipo Faith Temiloluwa
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Group 5

Aim: This study was conducted to verify the hematological and histopathological outcome of cooked ethanol seed extract of Tetracarpidium conophorum in swiss albino mice infected with Plasmodium berghei (NK65). Study Design: Descriptive study. Methodology: Standard methods were conducted to determine the phyto-chemical profile of cooked T. conophorum seed ethanol extract, hematological, histopathological indices and biochemical assay. Mice were assembled into five groups (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) of seven each. The mice in group 4 were treated with a customary antimalarial drug (chloroquine as positive control) at a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight, while mice in groups 3, 2 and 1 was administered with increasing dosages (200, 400, 800 mg/kg body weight) of seed extracts for four consecutive days respectively. Results: The qualitative phytochemical screening of T. conophorum seed extract revealed the presence of bioactive components such as saponin, tannins, flavonoid, terpenoid. Saponin (16.82 mg/100 g) was the highest occurring phytochemical followed by terpenoid (10.39 mg/100 g), glycoside (5.9 mg/100 g), tannin (2.8 mg/100 g) and flavonoid (1.17 mg/100 g), while steroid only had a trace presence. Hematological parameters revealed mice in all groups do not possess significantly different mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV). Mice in group 5 (infected and not treated) demonstrated lowest values of hemoglobin, platelet, and packed cell volume with a significantly lower % eosin. There was considerable decrease in the levels of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase in group 5 compared to mice in groups 1, 2, and 3. Conclusion: Ameliorative effects of seed extract were observed on the liver and kidney of mice at dose levels (200 mg/kg) used, but the 400 mg/kg restored the kidney but had adverse effect on the liver. This study therefore shows that cooked T. conophorum is generally less effective and could not be employed for treatment of malaria.

scholarly journals Antihyperlipidemic Activities and Hematological Properties of Ethanol Extract of Blighia Sapida Koenig Bark in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Oluwafemi Adeleke Ojo ◽  
Adebola Busola Ojo ◽  
Basiru Olaitan Ajiboye ◽  
Oluwatosin Debbie Imiere ◽  
Babatunji Emmanuel Oyinloye
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Hematological Indices ◽  
Blighia Sapida

AbstractBlighia sapida (BS) has been shown to be rich sources of antioxidant, thus, we evaluated effects of B. sapida Koenig stem bark ethanol extract (BSE) on lipid metabolism and hematological indices in diabetes rats.Thirty male rats were divided into six groups of five rats each. Diabetes was elicited by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (65 mg/kg body weight) once and orally administered with glibenclamide (5 mg/kg), B. sapida extract (50, 100 and 150 mg/kg body weight (bw) once daily for 21 days. Serum lipid profile, markers of hepato-renal toxicity and hemato-logical indices were examined using automated analyzer. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and p < 0.05 was considered to be statistically different.Diabetic untreated animals showed considerably elevated total cholesterol p < 0.05, also, significant increase in AST, ALT, ALP, urea and creatinine compared to control. Triglycerides, LDL-c, VLDL-c, AI and CRI decreased with extract administration and HDL-c increased considerable compared to untreated diabetic rats. Furthermore, significant lower hemoglobin (Hb) levels, packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cells (RBCs) levels, white blood cells (WBCs) compared to normal animals was recorded in the untreated group. These changes were returned to normal after the administration of extract 50, 100 and 150 mg/ kg body weight. Hence, these effects were most prominent in the animals treated with 150 mg/kg body weight of B. sapida bark.This indicates that B. sapida stem bark possess anti-hyperlipidemic activity and improved the biochemical parameters within the hematological profile of diabetic rats.

scholarly journals Hepatoprotective effects of ethanol extract of Caesalpiniabonduc against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in Albino Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 396-401
Author(s):  
A.E. Ubhenin ◽  
I Igbe ◽  
F.A. Adamude ◽  
A Falodun
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Serum Marker ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Different Doses

The present study was carried out to evaluate the Acute toxicity, hepatoprotective and in-vivo antioxidant activities of ethanolic extract of Caesalpinia bonduc leaf on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver damage using Swiss albino rats . The ethanolic extract of the plant of C. bonduc were suspended in 5 % tragacanth and then administered orally at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight for fourteen days before intraperitoneally injection of Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) at dose of 2 mL/kg body weight. The plant extracts at 250 and 500mg/kg b.wt showed a remarkable hepatoprotective and invivo antioxidant activities against carbon tetrachloride CCl4 – induced hepatotoxity judged from the serum marker enzymes .The CCl4 induced significant increase in aspartate amino transferase( AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), alkaline phophatase (ALP), total bilirubin, and malondyaldehyde (MDA) with a reduction of total protein, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase . Treatment of rats with different doses of plant extract (250 and 500 mg/kg b.wt.) significantly (P< 0.001) altered serum maker enzymes and antioxidant levels to near normal levels. The study suggests that C. Bonduc specifically chloroform and ethyl acetate fraction may be good sources of natural antioxidant and hepatoprotective substance.Keywords: Ceasalpiniabonduc, hepatoprotective, intraperitoneally , antioxidant

Investigation of Antioxidant Compositions and Antioxidative Activities of Ethanol Extract of Alstonia boonei Stem Bark

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-80
Author(s):  
R.I. Uroko ◽  
R.S.A. Sangodare ◽  
C. Onyeabo ◽  
A. Agbafor ◽  
O.N. Uchenna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Reactive Metabolites ◽  
Nitric Oxide Radical ◽  
Group 2

Background: Oxidative stress is the major mechanism of action employed by many drugs, xenobiotics and toxicants that generate reactive metabolites in the body to elicit adverse reactions when there are insufficient antioxidants to neutralise the excess reactive metabolites. Objectives: This study evaluated antioxidant compositions and antioxidative activities of ethanol extract of Alstonia boonei stem bark with the view of understanding its ameliorative potentials on oxidative stress. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six rats divided into 6 groups of 6 rats each was used for this study. Group 1 served as normal control, group 2-6 were carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress which served as treatment groups. Group 2 was untreated, group 3 was treated with silymarin (100 mg/kg) while group 4-6 were treated with the extract 100, 200 and 500 mg/kg body-weight for 28 days respectively. The animal study and antioxidant compositions of the extract were analysed using standard methods. Results: The extract was found to rich in antioxidant components such as phenols, flavonoids, β-carotene and lycopene. The extract showed high DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and nitric oxide radical scavenging activities and high ferric reducing antioxidant power with increasing concentrations. The significant (P < 0.05) reduction in antioxidant enzymes activities and increased level of lipid peroxidation caused by the carbon tetrachloride induction were significantly (P < 0.05) reversed, in the extract-treated groups relative to the normal control. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the extract possesses antioxidative properties and can be used in the management of oxidative stress and its related disease conditions. Keywords: Antioxidant components, Alstonia boonei stem bark, Antioxidative stress, Lipid peroxidation, Antioxidant enzymes.

scholarly journals Protective effects of cassia seed ethanol extract against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in mice.

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Xie ◽  
Fang-Fang Guo ◽  
Wen Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Permeability Transition ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Serum Aminotransferase ◽  
Liver Disorders ◽  
Mitochondrial Glutathione

Oxidative stress has been recognized as a critical pathogenetic mechanism for the initiation and the progression of hepatic injury in a variety of liver disorders. Antioxidants, including many natural compounds or extracts, have been used to cope with liver disorders. The present study was designed to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of cassia seed ethanol extract (CSE) in carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))-induced liver injury in mice. The animals were pre-treated with different doses of CSE (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 g/kg body weight) or distilled water for 5 days, then were injected intraperitoneally with CCl(4) (0.1% in corn oil, v/v, 20 ml/kg body weight), and sacrificed at 16 hours after CCl(4) exposure. The serum aminotransferase activities, histopathological changes, hepatic and mitochondrial antioxidant indexes, and cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) activities were examined. Consistent with previous studies, acute CCl(4) administration caused great lesion to the liver, shown by the elevation of the serum aminotransferase activities, mitochondria membrane permeability transition (MPT), and the ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes. However, these adverse effects were all significantly inhibited by CSE pretreatment. CCl(4)-induced decrease of the CYP2E1 activity was dose-dependently inhibited by CSE pretreatment. Furthermore, CSE dramatically decreased the hepatic and mitochondrial malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, increased the hepatic and mitochondrial glutathione (GSH) levels, and restored the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione S-transferase (GST). These results suggested that CSE could protect mice against CCl(4)-induced liver injury via enhancement of the antioxidant capacity.

106 Comparative growth rates and haematological parameters from calves born by transfer of vitrified invitro-produced embryos and stepbrother calves born by AI

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
J. S. Lopes ◽  
C. Soriano-Úbeda ◽  
L. Sarrias-Gil ◽  
E. París-Oller ◽  
S. Navarro-Serna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Clin Pathol ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Haematological Analysis

Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) are being extensively used to produce cattle offspring. However, as shown by Siqueira et al. (2017 J. Dairy Sci. 100, 5899-5908; https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2016-12539), phenotypical and performance differences between cows derived from distinct ART can be found at different stages of development. Thus, in an attempt to mimic the natural environment, reproductive fluids (oviductal (SOF) and uterine fluids) were added as supplementation to embryo culture media. Our hypothesis was that this improved culture media would produce calves more similar to the ones produced by AI. Invitro-produced (IVP) beef embryos were produced using SOF media supplemented with reproductive fluids (RF) or standard protocol (BSA), vitrified and later warmed and transferred to synchronized dairy recipients. Simultaneously, other dairy recipients were inseminated (AI) with the same bull used to produce IVP embryos. A total of 19 calves are included in this study (RF n=5, BSA n=7, AI n=7). Calves that did not reach 45 days of life were excluded from these data. All animals received the same feeding and housing conditions. Calves were examined at Days 0, 3, 7, 15, 30, and 45 of life. Each examination included weight, height at withers, thorax circumference, heart and respiratory rates, body temperature, and a blood sample from the jugular vein to perform a general haematological analysis (Siemens ADVIA 120) and glucose levels. A non-parametric test (Mann-Whitney U) was used to compare paired samples, with significance assumed when P&lt;0.05. Since day is a factor that influences growth, it was assumed as a fixed factor, and data were analysed per day. In terms of growth development, AI calves were significantly taller than BSA calves in all days, and in general taller than RF calves, with the exception of Days 3 and 7. Thorax circumference was significantly smaller for BSA versus AI calves only on Days 15 and 45. Respiratory rate was higher for RF calves at birth and for BSA calves at Day 3 when both were compared with AI calves, but we found no difference between them. Heart rate was higher for RF calves on Day 7 compared with BSA and AI, and higher again on Day 15 compared with AI. Regarding haematological parameters, significant differences were found on Day 0, with platelet counts being lower for BSA calves. On Day 7, mean corpuscular volume from AI calves was lower than either BSA or RF calves, and on Day 15, eosinophils were lower for RF calves compared with AI. At Day 30, white blood cells and lymphocyte concentration were lower for BSA than for AI calves. Glucose levels were higher for RF calves than for AI calves on Day 45. Overall, all haematology and clinical values seem to match the values of healthy calves (Brun-Hansen et al. 2006 Vet. Clin. Pathol. 35, 182-187; https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-165X.2006.tb00111.x), and the differences found were not clinically relevant. In conclusion, at the moment and from the analysed criteria of development during the first 45 days of life, there seems to exist no difference between calves born by IVP with RF as supplement to culture media and their invitro or invivo controls.

scholarly journals Acute Tocixity of Sterculia quadrifida R.Br Bark Ethanol Extract on Sprague-Dawley Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Siswadi Siswadi ◽  
Grace S. Saragih
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Group 5

Faloak (Sterculia quadrifida R.Br) is a medicinal plant used by people in the province of East Nusa Tenggara to treat hepatitis. This study aims to determine the acute toxicity of faloak (Sterculia quadrifida R. Br) bark ethanol extract in Sprague-Dawley (SD) male white rats. The method used is experimental using post-test only control group design. In this study the parameters used are body weight, clinical symptoms, clinical biochemistry (ALT & AST), histopathology of liver organ and mortality in rats. Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 5 groups, group 1 as control, group 2 was administered orally faloak bark ethanol extract at dose of 40 mg / kg body weight, group 3 at dose of 200 mg / kg body weight, group 4 at dose of 1000 mg / kg body weight and group 5 at dose of 5000 mg / kg body weight. Results of observation for 24 hours there are no dead rats, so the value of LD50 extract ethanol faloak is > 5,000 mg / kg body weight. Observations were conducted for 14 days to observed delayed occurrence of toxic effects. Oral administration of the faloak bark ethanol extract reduced the level of AST and ALT. The histopathology observation of rats liver cells showed liver cell necrosis at treatment doses of 200 - 5,000 mg / kg body weight.

Toxicological evaluation of aqueous extract of Aloe ferox Mill. in loperamide-induced constipated rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 425-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
OA Wintola ◽  
TO Sunmonu ◽  
AJ Afolayan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Toxicological Evaluation ◽  
Toxicological Effect ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Aloe Ferox ◽  
Haematological Analysis

Aloe ferox Mill. is a widely used medicinal plant in South Africa for the treatment of many ailments including constipation. The present study evaluated the toxicological effect of aqueous leaf extract of the herb at 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight for 7 days on the haematological parameters as well as liver and kidney function indices in loperamide—induced constipated rats. The extract did not cause any significant (p > 0.05) effect on the kidney and liver—body weight ratio as well as the kidney function indices including serum levels of creatinine, uric acid, urea, calcium and potassium ions at all the dosages investigated. Whereas the serum levels of total protein, albumin, bilirubin and gamma glutamyl trasferase (GGT) were not affected, the elevated activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) in the untreated constipated animals were normalized following treatment with extract. The data obtained with respect to the haematological analysis indicated that the extracts had no significant (p > 0.05) effect on the haematological parameters with the exception of lymphocyte count which was increased in the untreated constipated rats. This was however attenuated after administering the herb. The available evidence in this study suggests that A. ferox may be safe as an oral remedy for constipation. Generally, the effect of the extract compared favourably well with senokot, a recommended drug for the treatment of constipation.

scholarly journals Tabebuia rosea (Bertol.) DC. ethanol extract attenuates body weight gain by activation of molecular mediators associated with browning

2021 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
pp. 104740
Author(s):  
Elsa Cecilia Pagaza-Straffon ◽  
Carla Elena Mezo-González ◽  
David Armando Chavaro-Pérez ◽  
Jorge Cornejo-Garrido ◽  
Laurence A. Marchat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Tabebuia Rosea

scholarly journals Alleviation of carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatocellular damage and oxidative stress with a leaf extract of Glyphae brevis (Tiliaceae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 609-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucky Legbosi Nwidu ◽  
Yibala I. Oboma ◽  
Ekramy Elmorsy ◽  
Wayne Grant Carter
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation Product ◽  
Hematological Indices ◽  
Hepatocellular Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters ◽  
Mechanistic Basis ◽  
Histopathological Studies

Abstract Background Glyphae brevis leaf is reported in ethnomedicine as a treatment for hepatitis and jaundice; however, no studies have hitherto investigated the mechanistic basis of these claims. Methods A hepato-protective role of G. brevis hydromethanolic (GBH) leaf extract was established against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity. Twenty-four hours after a CCl4 challenge, rats were sacrificed and serum hematological indices, lipid profile, and biochemical parameters were determined. The antioxidant enzymes parameters (glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase) and lipid peroxidation product (thiobarbituric reactive substances) levels in liver homogenates were evaluated. Changes in the liver cyto-architecture of different treatment groups were also investigated. Results The GBH extract produced no significant impact on weight and hematological indices. Intoxication with CCl4 significantly (p<0.001–0.05) increased total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) compared with control rats. Pretreatment with GBH leaf extract significantly reduced triglycerides, TC, and LDL to approaching control levels (p<0.001–0.05). The GBH leaf extract significantly alleviated CCl4-induced elevation of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and the CCl4-induced depression of total protein, and albumin. Liver antioxidant parameters were significantly increased in plant extract-treated rats, and this antagonized the pro-oxidant effect of CCl4. Histopathological studies also supported a hepato-protective effect of GBH. Collectively, the GBH leaf extract alleviated the CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity through improvement of innate antioxidant enzyme levels and lipid metabolism and stabilized the hepatocyte cyto-architecture of intoxicated rats. Conclusions This study establishes the ethnomedicinal role of G. brevis leaf in hepatitis and the mechanistic basis of hepato-protection against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document