scholarly journals Pengaruh Circuit Training Terhadap Kekuatan Fisik Pada Atlet Sekolah Sepakbola (SSB) Persisac Semarang

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-386
Author(s):  
Umar Fitriadi Umar Fitriadi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
P Value ◽  
Circuit Training ◽  
School Students ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Post Test

Circuit Training is a form of training in which there are various movements that are carried out together and continuously and are limited by rest at each exchange of training forms with circuit training there will be many positive shifts in basic skills and also simultaneously restore physical fitness, muscle ability, endurance, dexterity and flexibility of the body. Strength needs to be given special attention from the coach so that the achievements of the SSB (Football School) Persisac Semarang do not decline. The research used in this study is "One-Groups Pretest-Posttest Design". The sample in this study was football athletes SSB Persisac Semarang. The sampling technique was purposive sampling of 15 players. Retrieval of data using instruments that have been used, with the pre-test and post test. Based on the results of the t test, the t value (31.281)> t table (1.761) was obtained, and the p value <0.05. This result means that Ho is accepted, so the hypothesis states that there is an effect of Circuit Training training on increasing the physical strength of football school students at SSB Persisac Semarang.  

scholarly journals Tepid sponge and sponge bath to change body temperature children with dengue fever

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Witri Hastuti ◽  
Novi Murdiana Sari ◽  
Indah Wulaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
P Value ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Typical Sign ◽  
Post Test

Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a viral infection transmitted by mosquitoes causing potentially deadly complications. The typical sign of this case is getting high fever until 3-7 days then it drops quickly. To make a lower body temperature, compress the body with warm water by using tepid sponge and sponge bath techniques. The objective of this study to determine the effect of compresses with tepid sponge and sponge bath techniques on changes in children's body temperature with DHF. This study used quantitative research with quasi-experiment design two group pre-test post-test design approach. The population of 30 children with fever, with purposive sampling technique using the Lemeshow formula. The analysis used was paired T-test, Wilcoxon, and Mann Whitney at a significance level of 0.05. Wilcoxon statistical test results show there is a tepid sponge effect on children body temperature with DHF with a p-value of 0.001. The dependent t-test shows there is an influence of sponge bath in children body temperature with DHF p-value of 0,000. The Mann witney test shows that Sponge bath is more effective than a tepid sponge in reducing fever with a p-value of 0,000. The conclusion of this study can be used as a guide for treating children with fever with the issuance of a standard SPO. Application of this method needs to involve parents to maintain the comfort of children, so it needs to make socialization to parents.

Efektivitas Aroma Terapi Lemon untuk Menangani Emesis Gravidarum

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-284
Author(s):  
Vitrianingsih Vitrianingsih ◽  
Sitti Khadijah
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
P Value ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Paired T Test

Studi memperkirakan emesis gravidarum terjadi pada 50-90% kehamilan. Mual muntah pada kehamilan memberikan dampak yang signifikan bagi tubuh dimana ibu menjadi lemah, pucat dan cairan tubuh berkurang sehingga darah menjadi kental (hemokonsentrasi). Keadaan ini dapat memperlambat peredaran darah dan berakibat pada kurangnya suplay oksigen serta makanan ke jaringan sehingga dapat membahayakan kesehatan ibu dan janin. Salah satu terapi yang aman dan dapat dilakukan untuk mengurangi keluahan mual muntah pada ibu hamil adalah pemberian aromaterapi lemon. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas aroma terapi lemon untuk menangani emesis gravidarum. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan Quasi experiment  dengan  one group pre-post test design. Populasi penelitian adalah ibu hamil yang mengalami emesis gravidarum di Kecamatan Berbah, Sleman. Jumlah sampel 20 ibu hamil trimester pertama yang diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling. Pengukuran mual muntah dilakukan debelum dan setelah  pemberian aromaterapi lemon menggunakan Indeks Rhodes. Analisa data menggunakan uji Paired t-test. Hasil penelitian didapatkan rata-rata skor mual muntah sebelum pemberian aromaterapi lemon berdasarkan Indeks Rhodes pada Ibu Hamil dengan emesis gravidarum yaitu 22,1 dan terjadi penurunan skor setelah pemberian aromaterapi lemon menjadi 19,8. Ada pengaruh pemberian aromaterapi lemon dengan pengurangan mual muntah pada ibu hamil (p-value = 0.017). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan pemberian aromaterapi lemon efektif untuk mengurangi emesis gravidarum pada ibu hamil trimester pertama.  Kata kunci: aromaterapi lemon, emesis gravidarum THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LEMON AROMATHERAPY FOR HANDLING EMESIS GRAVIDARUM   ABSTRACT Studies estimate that nausea and vomiting (emesis gravidarum) occur in 50 – 90% of pregnancies. Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy have a significant impact on the body in which it makes a mother becomes weak, pale, and decreasing body fluid so that the blood becomes thick (hemoconcentration). This situation can slow down blood circulation and inflict the lack of oxygen and food supplies to the body tissues so that it can endanger the health of the mother and fetus. One of the therapies that is safe and can be conducted to reduce nausea and vomiting of pregnancy is by giving the lemon aromatherapy treatment. The research aims to determine the effectiveness of the aroma of lemon therapy to deal with emesis gravidarum. This study applied quasi-experimental research with one group pretest-posttest design. The population of this study was pregnant women who experienced emesis gravidarum. Furthermore, samples were 20 mothers from Berbah, Sleman taken by using a purposive sampling technique. Nausea and vomiting were assessed between before and after giving lemon aromatherapy using the Rhodes Index. The data were analyzed using the paired t-test. The mean score of nausea and vomiting before giving lemon aromatherapy on mother with emesis gravidarum based on the Rhodes Index was 22.1. However, it decreased after given lemon aromatherapy treatment to 19.8. Therefore, there was an effect on giving lemon aromatherapy treatment toward the decrease of nausea and vomiting for pregnant women (p-value = 0.017). Lemon aromatherapy is effective to reduce emesis gravidarum.  Keywords: lemon aromatherapy, emesis gravidarum

PENINGKATAN KUALITAS HIDUP MELALUI LOGOTERAPI PADA KLIEN YANG MENJALANI HEMODIALISIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Abdul Wakhid ◽  
Ana Puji Astuti ◽  
Maya Kurnia Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
T Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean

Logoterapi merupakan terapi untuk menemukan makna positif dibalik sebuah kejadian yang tidak diharapkan. Logoterapi dilaksanakan secara individu maupun berkelompok dalam bentuk konseling dan berorientasi pada pencarian makna hidup individu. Tujuan logoterapi meningkatkan makna pengalaman hidup individu yang diarahkan kepada pengambilan keputusan yang bertanggung jawab. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan rancangan pre-experiment dengan metode pre and post test group, artinya pengumpulan data dilakukan terhadap responden untuk membandingkan kualitas hidup sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan intervensi. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode total sampling yaitu pengambilan seluruh sampel dengan tetap memperhatikan kriteria yang telah ditetapkan. Jumlah pasien yang menjalani hemodialisis di RSUD Ungaran sebanyak 21 orang dan di RSUD Ambarawa sebanyak 25 pasien. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji t test dependent. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa dari 46 responden didapatkan rata-rata skor kualitas hidup pasien yang mejalani hemodialisis sebesar 60.22 dengan skor terrendah 55 dan skor tertinggi 69. Bahwa dari 46 responden didapatkan rata-rata skor kualitas hidup pasien yang mejalani hemodialisis sebesar 88.72 dengan skor terrendah 79 dan skor tertinggi 103. Hasil uji statistik dengan uji t test dependent diketahui ada pengaruh logoterapi terhadap kemampuan memaknai hidup pada klien yang menjalani hemodialisis di RSUD Kabupaten Semarang (p value: 0,0001). Saran perlunya peningkatan kemampuan perawat dalam memberikan layanan kesehatan termasuk pemberian atau pemanduan penemuan makna hidup bagi pasien hemodialysis, agar selain dengan hemodialysis, ada faktor internal dari pasien yang dapat dijadikan sebagai motivasi untuk sembuh dari penyakit.   Kata Kunci: Logoterapi, kualitas hidup   IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS WITH RENAL FAILURE WHO UNDERWENT HEMODIALYSIS   ABSTRACT Logotherapy is a therapy to discover the positive meaning behind an unexpected event. Logotherapy is carried out individually or in groups in the form of counseling and oriented to the search for the meaning of individual life. This study aims to improve the quality of life of patients with renal failure who underwent hemodialysis. This research was conducted by using pre-experiment with pre-post test study. The sampling technique was done by the convenience sampling. The number of patients undergoing hemodialysis as many as 46 respondents. Data analysis was done by using test t test dependent. The result showed that from 46 respondents got the mean of quality of life of patients who had hemodialysis 60.22 with lowest score 55 and highest score 69. Whereas from 46 respondents got the mean score of life quality of patients who had hemodialysis 88.72 with score the lowest score 79 and the highest score 103. The result of statistical test with t test dependent is known there is influence of logoterapi to the ability of meaningful life on client who undergo hemodialysis at Semarang Regency hospitals (p value: 0.0001). Advice on the need to improve the nurse's ability to provide health services, including the provision or guidance of the discovery of the meaning of life for hemodialysis patients, in addition to hemodialysis, there are internal factors of the patient that can be used as a motivation to recover from illness.   Keywords: Logotherapy, quality of life, kidney failure.  

scholarly journals Improvement of Physical, Honesty, Discipline and Cooperation in Class IV Elementary School Students through Circuit Training Learning Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 244-250
Author(s):  
Dean Novianti ◽  
I Made Sriundy Mahardika ◽  
Abdul Rachman Tuasikal
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Circuit Training ◽  
School Students ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Efficient Learning ◽  
Experimental Group

Physical education program for sport and health allocates four lesson hour of which each hour consists of 35 minutes in one week. It requires an innovative and efficient learning model in order to improve physical fitness, honesty, discipline, and cooperation. The researcher developes a circuit training learning model in the from circuit games which is a modified form of circuit training. The study aim to examine the effectiveness of the circuit training learning model in improving physical fitness, honesty, discipline, and cooperation in students of Elementary School Sidoarjo. The type of research used is quantitative and qualitative by using research and development method, and data analysis using ANOVA. The data collection process is carried out by pre-test and post-test and then the results of the research data are analyzed using SPSS series 2.0. The results of the study shows (1) the sig value of 0,011 smaller than the 0,05 ( p< 0,05 ), meaning that there is the difference in the results of the TKJ I test on groups of students who are not treated compared to the group of students who are given the learning model. (2) the average group of students who are not given the treatment (control group) is 12,50 while for the group of students         given treatment (experimental group) is 15,15, meaning that there is an increase in test results againts the experimental group at 45%, (4) there is an increase in the observations of the discipline attitude from the control group compared to the experimental group at 35 %, (5) there is an increase in the observations of the discipline attitudes of the control group compared to the experimental group at 55%. Based on the above analysis it can be cocluded that the circuit training learning model can improve physical fitness and cultivate honesty, discipline and cooperattion in students of Elementary School.  

scholarly journals Efektivitas Terapi Hinosis Lima Jari Terhadap Ansietas Klien Hipertensi Di Puskesmas Rawasari Kota Jambi Tahun 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 353
Author(s):  
Mohd Syukri
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Reduce Blood Pressure ◽  
The Body ◽  
P Value ◽  
Lower Heart Rate ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Pleasant Experience

Five-finger hypnosis is a movement that tightens and relaxes the muscles in one part of the body at one time which can present a relaxed condition physically and psychologically, by thinking of a pleasant experience (Keliat, 2011). Useful for giving inner peace to individuals. reduce anxiety, worry and anxiety, reduce tension and reduce blood pressure, lower heart rate and sleep soundly. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of five-finger hypnosis therapy against anxiety hypertension clients at Putri Ayu Health Center, Jambi City. Quasi experimental design pre-post test with without control. The sample was 33 people with a total sampling technique. The results showed that there was an effect of five-finger hypnosis therapy on anxiety in hypertensive clients (p value <0.05). There was a decrease in anxiety after five finger hypnosis therapy was carried out. Five finger hypnosis therapy is recommended to be applied as nursing therapy in treating hypertensive clients with anxiety.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Aromaterapi Lemon terhadap Emesis Gravidarum Trimester I

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 96-102
Author(s):  
Aida Fitria ◽  
Ade Ayu Prawita ◽  
Sari Yana
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
T Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Study Population ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
Village Midwife

Introduction: Emesis gravidarum or nausea, vomiting, which often occurs in the first trimester of pregnancy, if left untreated, will cause problems for pregnant women and the fetus. Handling of emesis gravidarum can be done with pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments such as lemon aromatherapy. According to Riskesdas Jambi province in 2018, complications experienced by pregnant women amounted to 14.36% of them experienced nausea and vomiting. Objective: To determine the effect of lemon aromatherapy on emesis gravidarum in pregnant women in the first trimester at the Rosita Village Midwife Clinic, Pasar Monday, Jambi Province in 2020. Method:  The research was pre-experimental design approach in the form of one group pre-test and post-test. The study population was 20 people. The sample were taken by using a purposive sampling technique amounted to 15 respondents, the statistical test used was the depnden t test. Result:  The data obtained the pre-test mean of 10,20 and SD of 1.486, while the post-test of mean of 4,80 SD of 1.234. From the results of the statistical test, namely the paired t-test with a confidence level of 95%, it is known that the p-value=0.000. Conclusion: There is frequency reduction in first trimester emesis gravidarum by giving lemon aromatherapy Lemon Aromatherapy in Trimester I Pregnant Women.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Aromaterapi Terhadap Konsentrasi Siswa Kelas V Sekolah Dasar dalam Mengerjakan Soal Ulangan Umum

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ni Made Yanthi Ary Agustini ◽  
Hilda Sudhana
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fifth Grade ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
School Students ◽  
General Test ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Cluster Random Sampling

  Aromatherapy in Balinese life very closely. Aromatherapy has an influence on the function of the body such as making a fresh indoor air, creating a calm, can be used as antibiotics, antiseptics may be useful to take the fight against the virus, soaking emotion, can be a tool for relaxation, and also improves concentration. Concentration in the world of education is a very important one in doing general replications. This study aimed to verify whether there are effects of aromatherapy to the concentration of children in the fifth grade of primary school working on the general test questions. This research is a quantitative study with pre-experimental methods, sampling technique used is cluster random sampling. Subjects in this study were fifth grade elementary school students who are following the general replication at SD Negeri 5 Tonja by 82 students. Collecting data using a concentration questionnaire with Likert scale and data analysis by independent sample t-test. After conducting validity and reliability there are 25 items left from a total of 34 items on the reliability coefficient of 0.876. After doing               the independent sample t-test significance p values obtained for 0.823 (> 0.05). This means there is no effect of aromatherapy to the concentration of children in the fifth grade of primary school working on the general test questions.  Based  on  additional  data  to  see  the  concentration  of  each  day,  there  is  an increasing concentration in the experimental group students, but has not reached a significant point.   Keywords: Aromatherapy, Concentration, Students, General Test  

scholarly journals The Effect of the Emotional Demonstration Method of Mealing Schedule on the Knowledge of Mothers to Children in Posyandu V Mulyorejo Surabaya

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Nidya Comdeca Nurvitriana ◽  
Setiana Andarwulan
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
T Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Paired T Test

Background of research on mother's knowledge of toddlers in providing feeding schedules, especially snacks. Giving snacks that are not right on schedule will have an influence on the growth and development of infants. Through the Emotional Demontration method, eating schedule for snacking can be controlled. Emotional Demonstration is the provision of education not only through lectures but also through games so that the key messages conveyed can be remembered by mothers of toddlers in Posyandu V Mulyorejo Surabaya. The Emo Demo method is one solution to reduce the stunting rate. In 2017 the stunting rate in Indonesia reached 22.2%. Based on the results of the survey conducted through interviews with nutritionists, it was explained that there were 16 stunting toddlers in Posyandu V Surabaya. Quantitative Research Methodology, a quasi-experimental research design method with one group pretest posttest approach. The population in this study were all mothers of children under five in Posyandu V Mulyorejo Surabaya as many as 36 people, samples as many as 36 mothers of toddlers. With a total sampling technique. Analyze data with Paired T-test. The results showed the mean value of the pre test was 6.06, the mean value after the post test reached 8.16. While the significance value of p value = 0,000 with α = 0.05 through the Paired T-test. The conclusion is that there are differences in the knowledge of pre and post test among mothers of children under five in Posyandu V Mulyorejo Surabaya, p value = 0,000 with α = 0.05. Suggestions for health workers to continue to make improvements in practicing emotional demonstration to participants because it is very useful in increasing knowledge to prevent increased stunting rates.

scholarly journals EFEKTIVITAS GEL LIDAH BUAYA (Aloe vera) TERHADAP PENYEMBUHAN KETOMBE KERING di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 2 Ponorogo

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Dewi Puspita Ningrum ◽  
Hery Ernawati ◽  
Laily Isro'in
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
T Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Test Design ◽  
Normality Test ◽  
Aloe Vera Gel ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Paired T Test

AbstractDandruff is often regarded as a mild thing. However, for patients it resulted in disruption of comfort and confidence. The use of natural ingredients without the side effects of chemicals for the treatment of dry dandruff is by using traditional materials obtained from the natural surroundings, one of which is aloe vera (Aloe vera). Aloe vera (Aloe vera), which chemically has elements of a compound that can replace chemical drugs to cope with dry dandruff such as phosphorus, vitamins A, B, amino acids, saponins and flavonoids. The design of this study using one group pra-post test design, with a population of 23 respondents, a sample of 23 respondents, using total sampling technique. Collecting data using questionnaires. Data processing with data normality test pre-post <30%, then using a paired t-test with significance <0.05.The results of this study obtained from 23 respondents, 17 respondents (73.9%) experienced a decline in scores, 4 respondents (17.4%) score remained, and 2 respondents (8.7%) decrease increase of dry dandruff score. Statistical analysis showed significant results with a p-value = 0.000 < 0.05. The conclusion of this study is aloe vera gel (Aloe vera) has an effect to healing dry dandruff. Therefore it is expected that sufferers of dry dandruff are more selective to choose the type of scalp treatment.Keywords: Aloe Vera Gel, Dry Dandruff.AbstrakKetombe kering sering dianggap sebagai hal yang ringan. Namun, bagi penderita hal tersebut mengakibatkan gangguan kenyamanan dan tidak percaya diri. Penggunaan bahan alami tanpa menimbulkan efek samping untuk pengobatan ketombe kering adalah dengan menggunakan bahan tradisional, salah satunya adalah lidah buaya (Aloe vera). Lidah buaya (Aloe vera) yang secara kimia memiliki unsur-unsur senyawa yang dapat menggantikan fungsi obat kimia untuk mengatasi ketombe kering diantaranya fosfor, vitamin A,B, asam amino, saponin dan flavonoid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian gel lidah buaya (Aloe vera) terhadap penyembuhan ketombe kering. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan one group pra-post test design, dengan jumlah populasi 23 responden, sampel 23 responden, dengan menggunakan teknik total sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Pengolahan data dengan uji normalitas data pre-post <30%, maka menggunakan uji paired t-test dengan kemaknaan <0,05. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan dari 23 responden, 17 responden (73,9%) mengalami penurunan skor, 4 responden (17,4%) skor tetap, dan 2 responden (8,7%) mengalami penurunan peningkatan skor ketombe kering. Analisis statistika menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan dengan nilai = p-value 0.000 < 0.05. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah gel lidah buaya (Aloe vera) mempunyai efek untuk penyembuhan ketombe kering. Maka dari itu diharapkan penderita ketombe kering lebih selektif untuk memilih jenis perawatan kulit kepala.Kata Kunci : Gel Lidah Buaya, Ketombe Kering.

scholarly journals The Effect of Education on Parents' "Speak Up" Knowledge Regarding Patients Safety in Hospital

Jurnal NERS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Septy Nur Aini ◽  
Sri Mulatsih ◽  
Patricia Suti Lasmani
Keyword(s):  
Patient Safety ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Improve Patient Safety ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
T Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Speaking Up ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Speak Up

Introduction: Safety is a global issue in hospitals. Unexpected events or errors related to health services occur in children, and about 75% are associated with medical procedures. Parental involvement becomes one of the strategies used to improve patient safety. Families who know patient safety can educate themselves to prevent and detect errors that occur during treatment. Education can improve the general knowledge about patient safety. The Speak Up program is recommended by JCAHO to improve effective communication, and this program has a preventive impact on human error. This study aims to determine the effect of education on parent’s ‘speaking up’ knowledge regarding patient safety in the Children's Wards of Dr. Sardjito Hospital in Yogyakarta. Methods: This research study was quasi-experimental using a one group pre-test and post-test design. The intervention in this research was education. The consecutive sampling technique was used with a total of 62 respondents selected. The Speak Up questionnaire and observation sheet to get to know the changes in the knowledge of Speak Up was used to collect the data. The data analysis used a Paired Sample T-Test. Result: The result of the paired T-test showed a p-value <0,001 (p <0,05) which means that there was a significant influence by way of education on parent’s speak up knowledge regarding patient safety. Conclusion: Education improved the parents' speak up knowledge about patient safety.

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