scholarly journals COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF A NEW FLAX VARIETY "CHANCE" OF THE PSKOV SELECTION ACCORDING TO THE MAIN ECONOMICALLY VALUABLE CHARACTERISTICS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.Д. Степин ◽  
М.Н. Рысев ◽  
Т.А. Рысева ◽  
С.В. Уткина ◽  
Н.В. Романова
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Neutral Type ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Breaking Load ◽  
Comprehensive Assessment ◽  
Flax Fiber ◽  
New Variety ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
The North ◽  
Variety Testing

Целью исследований являлась комплексная оценка нового сорта льна-долгунца Шанс по основным хозяйственно ценным признакам и параметрам адаптивности в условиях Северо-Западного региона на основе конкурсного сортоиспытания, проводимого в 2016-2018 годах и производственной проверки в 2019 году. ГТК за период вегетации был равен 1,98 в 2016 г., в 2017 г. – 1,60 и в 2018 г. – 0,95. Как показали расчеты индекса среды, наиболее благоприятные условия для роста и развития льна-долгунца сложились в 2017 г. (Ij = +3,98), и худшие – в 2018 г. (Ij = -3,68). Сорт Шанс раннеспелый (период вегетации 71-85 дней), высокорослый (82-88 см), относительно устойчив к фузариозу (89-94%) и полеганию (4-5 баллов), отличается высоким содержанием волокна в соломе (всего 36,0-36,5%, в том числе длинного 27,3-28,1%). По содержанию всего волокна он превышал стандарт на 2,4% (абс.), а длинного – на 0,8% (абс.) В среднем за годы исследований урожайность льносоломы составила 52,1 ц/га, семян 6,0 ц/га, что незначительно превышало стандарт соответственно на 3,6 и 7,1%. По урожайности всего льноволокна (18,9 ц/га) он достоверно превысил стандарт на 1,9 ц/га при НСР0,95 или на 10,4%. По прочности волокна, которая измеряется по разрывной нагрузке, сорт Шанс в среднем за 2 года имел равный стандарту Восход показатель (10,5 кгс), а по гибкости превосходил последнего на 2,5 мм (50,5 мм). Сорт Шанс в сравнении со стандартом в большей степени адаптирован к условиям внешней среды. Он характеризуется более низкой вариабельностью урожайности волокна по годам исследований (Cv – 4,75%), более высокой стрессоустойчивостью (-5,3) и генетической гибкостью. Сорт Шанс пластичный (bi – 0,91), относится к сортам нейтрального типа, которые слабо отзываются на улучшение условий среды, но более эффективны на более низких агрофонах и в зонах рискованного земледелия, к которым относится и Псковская область. В производственных условиях урожайность льноволокна у нового сорта составила 22,5 ц/га, что на 2,0 ц или 12,1% больше стандарта (НСР0,95 – 0,92 ц/га). В настоящее время сорт находится в государственном сортоиспытании. The purpose of the research was a comprehensive assessment of a new variety of flax «Chance» according to the main economically valuable characteristics and adaptability parameters in the conditions of the North-Western region on the basis of a competitive variety testing conducted in 2016-2018 and a production inspection in 2019. The SCC for the growing season was equal to 1.98 in 2016, 1.60 in 2017 and 0.95 in 2018. As the calculations of the environment index showed, the most favorable conditions for the growth and development of flax were formed in 2017 (Ij = +3.98), and the worst-in 2018 (Ij = -3.68). The «Chance» variety is early-maturing (the growing season is 71-85 days), tall (82-88 cm), relatively resistant to fusarium (89-94%) and lodging (4-5 points), has a high fiber content in straw (only 36.0-36.5%, including 27.3- 28.1% long). In terms of the content of the entire fiber, it exceeded the standard by 2.4% (abs.), and the long fiber -by 0.8% (abs.). On average, over the years of research, the yield of flax straw was 52.1 c/ha, seeds 6.0 c/ha, which slightly exceeded the standard by 3.6 and 7.1%, respectively. In terms of the yield of all flax fiber (18.9 c/ha), it significantly exceeded the standard by 1.9 c/ha at NSR0.95 or by 10.4%. According to the strength of the fiber, which is measured by the breaking load, the «Chance» grade on average for 2 years had an indicator equal to the standard of the Sunrise (10.5 kgf), and in terms of flexibility it exceeded the latter by 2.5 mm (50.5 mm). The «Chance» variety is more adapted to the environmental conditions in comparison with the standard. It is characterized by a lower variability of fiber yield over the years of research (Cv-4.75), higher stress resistance (-5.3) and genetic flexibility. The plastic «Chance» variety (bi – 0.91) belongs to neutral-type varieties that respond poorly to improving environmental conditions, but are more effective at lower agricultural zones and in risky farming zones, which include the Pskov region. Under production conditions, the yield of flax fiber in the new variety was 22.5 c/ha, which is 2.0 c or 12.1% more than the standard (NSR0,95-0.92 c/ha). Currently, the variety is in the state variety testing.

HIGH-PROTEIN VARIETIES AND PERSPECTIVE LINES OF SPRING BARLEY

1970 ◽  
pp. 23-25
Author(s):  
O. V. Levakova ◽  
L. M. Eroshenko
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
High Protein ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Research Grade ◽  
Range Of Variation ◽  
Variety Testing

The article presents the results of the analysis of the biochemical composition of selected in the competitive variety testing of new varieties and promising lines of spring barley, studied on the experimental field ISA-branch of FGBNU FNAC VIM in 2016-2018. Result of research in different years of water availability among the rooms was allocated a group of high-protein barley with improved feed value: 4 varieties, 2 of which are on the state variety testing, and 2 promising lines. The range of variation of protein content in the grain of the selected samples varied from 13.1 to 14.5 %, lysine – from 0.48 to 0.52 %, weight of 1000 grains-from 48.0 to 53.5 g. According to the data obtained the highest value of protein in grain was observed in krupnosortnogo varieties Zlatoyar (GSI), amounting on average for 14.5 %. The increase was equal to 1.1% in relation to the control variety Yaromir. With an average yield of 6.52 t/ha in the years of research grade Accounting have provided protein per hectare in the amount of 0,94 t/ha. A new variety Sudar´ (GSI) and breeding line 149/4-12 h 788 and 129/1-14 h 907 this indicator has been less productive, however, exceeded the grade Yaromir 0.10 to 0.16 t/ha. Given the higher productivity of new promising varieties and breeding lines, the collection of lysine per unit area they have 12.7, 30.8 per cent was higher than that of the Promej class and 10.6-23.6% more than in the variety Yaromir, which indicates their high biological value. Selected hulless line 1137 h is also an encouraging source of protein and other nutrients of plant origin. The selected lines and new varieties, regardless of weather conditions, were able to ensure the production of high-protein and sources' grain for feed purposes, while maintaining productivity.

A reinterpretation of Scottish ‘hummocky moraine’ and its significance for the deglaciation of the Scottish Highlands during the Younger Dryas or Loch Lomond Stadial

1993 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Bennett ◽  
Geoffrey S. Boulton
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Younger Dryas ◽  
North West ◽  
Scottish Highlands ◽  
Ice Cap ◽  
The North ◽  
Loch Lomond

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to demonstrate that much of the ‘hummocky moraine’ present within the northern part of the LochLomond Readvance ice cap formerly situated in the North West Scottish Highlands may be interpreted as suites of ice-front moraines deposited during active decay. These landforms can be used to reconstruct ice cap decay, whichleads to important insights into the shrinking form of the ice cap and associated environmental conditions. Evidence has been collected from 10803 airphotographs and from detailed field survey. It is presented at three spatial scales.

The Nature of the South

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Lyman Bushman
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
North America ◽  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Plantation Agriculture ◽  
Southern Colonies

Plantation agriculture in the western hemisphere extended from Brazil northward through the Caribbean to the northern boundary of Maryland. This geography created a line in North America noted by seventeenth-century imperial economists. The southern colonies produced crops needed in the home land making the South far more valuable to the empire than the North. Plantation agriculture stopped at the Maryland-Pennsylvania border because the climate made slavery impractical north of that line. Only farmers who produced valuable exports could afford the price of slaves. Tobacco, though it could be grown in the North, was not commercially feasible there. The growing season had to be long enough to get a crop in the ground while also planting corn for subsistence, allow the tobacco to mature, and harvest it before the first frost. Tobacco was practical within the zone of the 180-day growing season whose isotherm outlines the areas where slavery flourished. Within this zone, the ground could be worked all but a month or two in winter, giving slaves plenty to do. Cattle could also forage for themselves, reducing the need for hay. Southern farmers could devote themselves to provisions and market crops, increasing their wealth substantially compared to the North where haying occupied much of the summer. Differing agro-systems developed along a temperature gradient running from North to South with contrasting crops and labor systems attached to each.

scholarly journals Increase in perennial forage yields driven by climate change, at Apukka Research Station, Rovaniemi, 1980-2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oiva Niemeläinen ◽  
Antti Hannukkala ◽  
Lauri Jauhiainen ◽  
Kaija Hakala ◽  
Markku Niskanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
The North

The official variety trials at Rovaniemi, Finland (66.58°N, 26.01°E) in 1980–2017 show a substantial increase in dry matter yields (DMY) of timothy (Phleum pratense), meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), coinciding with a 156 °Cd increase in the average growing season Tsum and a 461 °Cd decrease in the average winter frost sum for the same period. The annual DMY of timothy was 3128, 4668, 8385 and 9352 kg ha-1 in the periods (P) 1980–1989 (P1), 1990–1999 (P2), 2000–2009 (P3), and 2010–2017 (P4). The first cut yielded 1792, 2166, 4008 and 4473, and the second cut 1337, 2503, 4378 and 4879 kg ha-1, respectively. Yields of meadow fescue followed a similar pattern. The first cut was about ten days and the second cut about one week earlier on P4 than on P1. Shorter snow cover period, milder winters, higher live ground cover of timothy in spring, and higher temperature sum during the growing season were most likely responsible for the yield increase. The results indicate a strong impact of climate change on DMY of perennial forage crops in the north.

scholarly journals ECOLOGICAL-GEOGRAPHIC APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF GENETIC DIVERSITY OF BARLEY AND OAT FROM THE VIR COLLECTION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Loskutov ◽  
Lubov Novikova ◽  
Olga Kovaleva ◽  
Nadezhda Ivanova ◽  
Elena Blinova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Cultivation Conditions ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Sum Of Effective Temperatures ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Effective Temperatures ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Selection Of

Under conditions of climate change, the assessment of the stability of genotypes is of particular importance. To conduct directed selection of genotypes with a narrow or broad reaction rate, it is necessary to assess their stability already in the early stages of breeding. The aim of the study was to study the stability of breeding significant traits of oat and barley samples in contrasting ecological and geographical conditions. 25 oat samples and 25 barley samples were studied over 3 years under contrasting conditions in St. Petersburg and the Tambov region. Varieties are characterized by average values of economically valuable traits and genotype regression coefficients on the influence of the bi environment according to Eberhart and Russell. The most sensitive to a change in the ecological and geographical situation were the durations of the germination-heading, germination-harvest periods and grain yield. These characters varied to a greater extent depending on the cultivation conditions than on the genotype. According to regression coefficients for environmental conditions, significant differences in genotypes were only in yield. Contrasting groups of varieties were distinguished by regression coefficients on environmental conditions, genotypes with high productivity. The durations of germination-heading, germination-harvest, the plant height reacted to the change in the environment the same in different varieties. The duration of the growing season was determined by the sum of effective temperatures above 15C. The reduction of the growing season in both crops was 3 days with an increase in the sum of effective temperatures above 15C by 100C.

scholarly journals Ecological and Geographical distribution of species and genera of Primulaceae in Iraq

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 829-840
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
East And West ◽  
Prevalent Species

The present research deal with ecological and geographical distribution of species and genera of Primulaceae in Iraq. The results were revealed that species distributed in the north , north-east and west of Iraq. Anagallis arvensis L. is the most prevalent species tolerant to different environmental conditions, while the species of Primula L. characterized as less widespread and limited in one District. In addition, the districts Rawanduz (MRO) and Sulaymaniyah (MSU) have ranked first in distribution of the species on geographical districts with (75%), while the districts southern desert (DSD) and Basra (LBA) in last place with (16.7%). Maps for geographical distribution for all species were illustrated.

scholarly journals Prospects of practical use of new potatoes state varietal resources in the north-east Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.S. Kozhushko ◽  
M.M. Sakhoshko ◽  
M.G. Bashtovyi ◽  
D.V. Smilyk ◽  
V.I. Avramenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Starch Content ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Growing Conditions

According to statistic evaluation of the manifestation of signs of the economic suitability of state sort resources of 2019 registration potatoes when growing it in different agro-climatic conditions, a significant advantage of influence of the forest-steppe conditions was determined. Compared to Polesia the increase of yield rose for 4.1 t/ha or 18 % (НІР05 = 2.18, Ffact= 12.65 > F05 = 4.22) and the amount of trade potato for 22.72 ha or 20 % (Ffact = 58.87). There is also a tendency to increase the number of starch from unit of area for – 17 % and the total consumer properties for – 8 %.  However, there is a significant difference in the reduction of storability of products by 45 % and the lack of it’s resistance to macrosporiosis and late blight. It was proved that the yield of varieties for cultivation in the polesia zone by 25.7 % depended on the duration of the growing season (Ffact = 4.14 > F05  = 0.06). The relationship between yield and starch of potatoes in Polesia zone varieties  was determined – 23.6 % and in forest-steppe – 17.3 % and starch collection, respectively, 33.6 % and 28.0 %. The dependence of storability of potato which grew in the polesia zone and in forest-steppe from the amount of starch for 15 % was mathematically proved (Ffact = 2.11 > F05 = 0.17) і 11.3 % (Ffact = 1.52 > F05 = 0.24); the dependence of storability on the duration of the growing season in the Forest-Steppe conditions was confirmed(Ffact = 0.66 > F05  = 0.43). In addition, the 12 % of tasting grade of the Forest-Steppe varieties depended on the starch content amount (Ffact = 1.65 > F05 = 0.22). According to the results of the regression analysis, mathematical models have been developed to predict yields, culinary and consumer properties, and the storability of new potato varieties under different growing conditions. The project of a conveyor for the consumption of fresh product in summer  period with the involvement of varieties of early ripeness in the Forest-Steppe was presented: 80 days after planting – Sanibel, 90 days after planting – Medison, Paroli, 95 days after planting – Bazalia, Bernina, 100 days after planting – Donata, in the Polesia zone ‒ 80 days after planting – Sanibel, 90 days after planting – Paroli, 95 days after planting –Bazalia, 100 days after planting – Medison, Bernina, Donata. By distribution of varieties by predicted high content of phytonutrients there were bred varieties with red skin and creamy flesh – Bazalia and Sanibel, by high content with yellow flesh – Baltic Rosa and moderate content with white flesh – Oleksandrit, Fotynia, Ricarda. Introduction of new varieties with certain high adaptive potential of storability and content of bioactive compounds in potatoes will provide growth of potato production in the conditions of the northeast forest-steppe and increase its competitiveness in the domestic and foreign markets and will solve the problem of year-round consumption of fresh quality products.

New varieties of Diphasiastrum zeilleri (Rouy) Holub (Lycopodiaceae)

2016 ◽  
pp. 5-21
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Ivanenko
Keyword(s):  
Parental Species ◽  
Introgressive Hybridization ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Hybrid Species ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Light And Shadow ◽  
Ecological Forms

Diphasiastrum zeilleri (Rouy) Holub is a hybrid species, with the formula D. complanatum (L.) Holub × D. tristachyum (Pursh) Holub. A high variability of D. zeilleri is due to environmental conditions (light and shadow ecological forms) and probably to introgressive hybridization with the parental species. Intermediate forms between D. zeilleri, D. complanatum and D. tristachyum are quite rare, that allows to treat the three taxa as separate species. D. zeilleri is missing in subarctic regions of Europe and North America, and some degree of its resemblance with D. complanatum subsp. montellii Kukk. is convergent. Lycopodium complanatum f. polystachyum H. Lindb. is considered to belong to D. zeilleri, and an appropriate conbination is published, Diphasiastrum zeilleri var. polystachyum (H. Lindb.) Ivanenko. A new variety Diphasiastrum zeilleri (Rouy) Holub var. ramistachyum Ivanenko is described, differing by sessile strobili formed on the basal part of fertile branches during one growing season. The structure, the base of which is a fertile branch, and the upper part is strobilus (strobili), is proposed to term «strobilus branch». Besides D. zeilleri var. ramistachyum, the strobilus branches are produced by D. issleri (Rouy) Holub, D. oellgaardii Stoor, Boudrie, Jérôme, K. Horn et Bennert, and rarely by D. alpinum (L.) Holub and D. complanatum.

Overlay-Based Middleware for the Pervasive Grid

2012 ◽  
pp. 566-588
Author(s):  
Paul Grace ◽  
Danny Hughes ◽  
Geoff Coulson ◽  
Gordon S. Blair ◽  
Barry Porter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Grid Computing ◽  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Overlay Networks ◽  
Dynamic Adaptation ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Flood Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Application

Grid computing is becoming increasingly pervasive; sensor networks and mobile devices are now connected with traditional Grid infrastructure to form geographically diverse complex systems. Applications of this type can be classified as the Pervasive Grid. In this chapter we examine how traditional Grid technologies and middleware are inherently unsuited to address the challenges of extreme heterogeneity and fluctuating environmental conditions in these systems. We present Gridkit, a configurable and reconfigurable reflective middleware that leverages overlay networks and dynamic software in response to the requirements of the Pervasive Grid. We also illustrate how Gridkit has been used to deploy a flood monitoring application at a river in the north west of England; this demonstrates both the flexibility Gridkit provides, and how dynamic adaptation optimises performance and resource consumption.

Virus isolations Mosquito collections obtained during most field trips to the north-west of Western Australia have been processed for virus isolation. Until 1985, virus isolation was undertaken by intracerebral inoculation of suckling mice, but this was then replaced by cell culture using C6/36 mosquito, PSEK, BHK and Vero cells. The use of cell culture has significantly reduced the overall virus isolation rate by largely excluding arboviruses, rhabdoviruses and most bunyaviruses, but is as effective as suckling mice for the isolation of flaviviruses and alphaviruses. MVE virus has been isolated every year that significant numbers of adult mosquitoes have been processed except 1983 (Broom et al. 1989; Broom et al. 1992; Mackenzie et al. 1994c). Isolations of MVE, Kunjin and other flaviviruses are shown in Table 8.2. There was a strong correlation between the number of virus isolates in any given year and the prevailing environmental conditions. Thus those years with a heavy, above average wet season rainfall and subsequent widespread flooding yielded large numbers of virus isolates (1981, 1991, 1993) compared with years with average or below average rainfall and with only localized flooding. Although most MVE virus isolates were obtained from Culex annulirostris mosquitoes, occasional isolates were also obtained from a variety of other species, including Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex palpalis, Aedes normanensis, Aedes pseudonormanensis, Aedes eidvoldensis, Aedes tremulus, Anopheles annulipes, Anopheles bancroftii, Anopheles amictus and Mansonia uniformis (cited in Mackenzie et al. 1994b; Mackenzie and Broom 1995), although the role of these species in natural transmission cycles has still to be determined. Virus carriage rates in Culex annulirostris mosquitoes are shown in Table 8.3 for the Ord River area (Kununurra–Wyndham) and Balgo and Billiluna in south-east Kimberley. Very high mosquito infection rates were observed in those years with above average rainfall. Virus spread and persistence Stanley (1979) suggested that viraemic waterbirds, which are often nomadic, may generate epidemic activity of MVE in south-east Australia and in the Pilbara region. In an attempt to understand the genesis of epidemic activity better, our laboratory initiated a long-term study in the arid south-east Kimberley area at Billiluna and Balgo, two Aboriginal communities on the northern edge of the Great Sandy Desert. Occasional cases of Australian encephalitis had occurred in both communities (1978, 1981). The studies have clearly shown that MVE virus activity only occurs following very heavy, widespread rainfall both locally and in the catchment area of the nearby watercourse, Sturt Creek, which results in extensive flooding across its floodplain (Broom et al. 1992). Localized flooding is insufficient to generate virus activity. Two possible explanations can be proposed to account for the reappearance of MVE virus activity when environmental conditions are suitable: either virus can be reintroduced into the area by viraemic waterbirds arriving from enzootic areas further north; or virus may

1998 ◽  
pp. 133-135
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Virus Isolation ◽  
North West ◽  
Suckling Mice ◽  
The North ◽  
Virus Activity ◽  
Culex Annulirostris ◽  
Average Rainfall ◽  
Virus Isolates
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