scholarly journals EVALUATION OF SALT AND HEAVY METAL STRESS FOR SEEDLING TRAITS IN WHEAT

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Asif ◽  
Q Ali ◽  
A Malik
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Length Ratio ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
World Population ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Metal Levels

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important cereal crop of the world. It is one of the staple foods for major portion of world population. There are various biotic and abiotic factors responsible for low production of wheat in our country. Among these factors, soil salinity is major problem playing an important role in soil degradation, thus consequently reducing wheat production and quality. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of various salinity and heavy metal levels against three wheat cultivars fir salinity resistance. Three different varieties of wheat were screened against the salinity under controlled conditions in the laboratory of tissue culture, University of Lahore. Seeds of three wheat varieties (Anaj-2006, Faisalabad-2008 and Inqalab-91) were sown in seedling trays. NaCl and CuSO4 were applied as salinity and heavy metal treatment upon wheat cultivars. In order to evaluate, hazardous effects of salinity and heavy metal on wheat certain growth parameters were observed i.e. leaf length and width, leaf area, stem and root length, fresh and dry weight of leaf, stem and root, root shoot length ratio and photometry of leaf, stem and root was measured. Results depicts salinity and heavy metal application has negative correlation with growth parameters of wheat particularly combine application of NaCl and CuSo4 have led to impose major detrimental effects on wheat cultivars. Regarding varietal comparison, “Anaj-2006” proved to be comparatively better in context of less salt’s residual accumulation in leaf, stem and roots along with lower root to shoot length ratio thus exhibiting a strong genetic potential to keep surviving and maintain healthy growth. However, it was concluded that salinity and heavy metal have adversely affected growth and yield potential of “Faisalabad-2008”. So conclusively, there is dare need to screen out indigenous and exotic wheat germplasm available throughout the country for finding some suitable genetic resources having moderate to high resistance levels against salinity and heavy metal which can be further used for breeding purpose in varietal improvement program.

Impact of salt-induced toxicity on growth and yield-potential of local wheat cultivars: oxidative stress and ion toxicity are among the major determinants of salt-tolerant capacity

Chemosphere ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 187 ◽  
pp. 385-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Nurealam Siddiqui ◽  
Mohammad Golam Mostofa ◽  
Mst. Mahmuda Akter ◽  
Ashish Kumar Srivastava ◽  
Md. Abu Sayed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Ion Toxicity

scholarly journals Impact of halopriming on four wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars of balochistan under saline conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1091-1097
Author(s):  
Summi Buzdar ◽  
Ayesha Mushtaq ◽  
Sabeena Rizwan ◽  
Uzma Jabeen ◽  
Farrukh Bashir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Culture Solution ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
Silicon Sources

Priming effect of silicon sources (silica gel and sodium silicate) on the seeds of four wheat cultivars of Balochistan was studied to determine their effectiveness in increasing relative salt tolerance. The study depicts that all priming treatments of silicon sources (except sodium silicate 2%) enhanced germination and reduced mean germination time (MGT) of seeds in comparison to the control i.e. hydropriming. After germination, the young seedlings were grown in hydroponics in Hoagland’s culture solution under controlled conditions in non-saline and saline (100 mM NaCl) environments. All the growth parameters (root and shoot length, fresh and dry weights of plants and chlorophyll content of leaves) severely reduced in hydroprimed seeds under saline environments, although increased by priming seeds with silicon sources. Thus silica compounds have potential effects to break the seed dormancy and improve the growth of wheat under salinity stress.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF VERMICOMPOST AND LEAF MOLD ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF CAPSICUM ANNUUM L.VAR. FRUTESCENS (L.) KUNTZE

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-104
Author(s):  
Mary Kensa V
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Leaf Mold ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Macro And Micronutrients ◽  
Banana Wastes

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of vermicompost on the growth and yield ofCapsicum annuumvar. frutescens (Kantharimilagu). Vermicompost is a rich source of vitamins, enzymes, macro and micronutrients which when applied to plants help in efficient growth. The major thrust of thisinvestigation was focused on the growth and yield of Capsicumannuumvar. frutescensusing the vermicompost prepared by the earthworm species namely Eudriluseugeniaeon the biodegradation of Banana waste (Musasps) mixed with cow dung 3:1. The present study has been carried out to evaluate thephysico-chemical characteristics, micronutrients and macronutrients, and also a comparative study was done on the effect of vermicompost on growth parameters namely root length, shoot length, number of leaf and number of flower and length of fruits in Capsicum annuumvar. frutescens. The results of the study revealed that the plants treated withvermicompostshowed C/N ratio increasedin macronutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Na, Mg and C) and micronutrients (Fe, Cu, Mg and Zn) than the plants grown in leaf mold and control.The vermicompost applied plant (Capsicum annuumvar. frutescens) showed increased root and shoot length, number of leaves, number of flowers and length of fruits than the plants which are not treated with vermicompost. Hence based on the various biochemical studies performed it is concluded that this quality of bio solid vermicompost obtained from the degradation of banana wastes by Eudriluseugeniae is an effective biofertilizer which would facilitate the increased uptake of the nutrients by the plants resulting in higher growth and yield.

scholarly journals Parameterization of SSM Model to Analyze Wheat Growth and Yield Potential Under Pakdasht Conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1913-1926
Author(s):  
Hamed Azad ◽  
Gholam Abbas Akbar ◽  
Gholam Ali Akbari ◽  
Elias Soltani
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Growth And Aging

Simulation models of crops are used for experimental and complementary research on field projects. These models are also useful for interpreting the results and examining agricultural systems under different environmental and management conditions. The aim of this study was to describe a model for wheat (SSM), guarantee wheat cultivars in a genetic discussion in the Pakdasht environment, and present the results of its evaluation. The model of phenological stages, growth, and aging of leaf area and the production and distribution of dry matter simulates water function and balance. The SSM model simulates the growth stages of the plant in response to environmental factors, heat, and the ability to access solar radiation. In order to evaluate the SSM model, field experiment data of two wheat cultivars—SW and Pishtaz—were used as factorial, based on a randomized complete block design with four replications. Subsequently, the parameters were evaluated, the model was tested in accordance with independent data, and the results indicate its acceptance for the main aspects of crops compared to the observed experiments—for example, for SW, we have 1830 GDD to 2310 GDD from pollination to treatment and extinction factor in Pishtaz is 0.71 and PLAPOW coefficient is 1.6484±.063, which can finally be used to simulate these figures.

scholarly journals Growth and yield of papaya under irrigation

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederico Terra de Almeida ◽  
Salassier Bernardo ◽  
Elias Fernandes de Sousa ◽  
Sérgio Lúcio David Marin ◽  
Sidney Grippa
Keyword(s):  
Water Depth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Degree Day ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Irrigation Levels ◽  
Water Depths

Thermal units or degree day systems can both be used to quantify relationships between plants and air temperature. The Northern Fluminense region holds no tradition for irrigated papaya (Carica papaya L.) cropping and, because of the need for irrigation, it is important knowing its growth and development characteristics under these conditions. This study aimed to determine the relationship between growth rate of papaya plants and degree days, and its effect on crop productivity, under different irrigation levels. An experiment was set up with the cultivar "Improved Sunrise Soil 72/12", in a randomized blocks design, with seven irrigation water depths and three repetitions; crop growth and yield parameters were evaluated. There were significant correlations between water depths and degree days. Polynomial models of 2nd and 3rd order appropriately fitted the relationships degree day versus plant height, stem diameter, crown diameter and number of emitted leaves, for each water depth. Growth parameters related to degree days and to the applied treatments are indicative of yield potential. The total water depth that promoted the greatest fruit yield was 2,937 mm.

Growth and yield responses of UK wheat cultivars to winter waterlogging

2008 ◽  
Vol 147 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. DICKIN ◽  
S. BENNETT ◽  
D. WRIGHT
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Waterlogging Tolerance ◽  
Nodal Roots ◽  
Screening Experiments

SUMMARYWinter waterlogging is expected to become an increasingly serious problem due to climate change. It is therefore important to find whether differences in tolerance to waterlogging exist between wheat cultivars grown in the UK. Screening experiments were conducted outdoors and in a glasshouse to investigate the yield response to waterlogging and waterlogging tolerance at the seedling stage. The experiments suggested that differences in tolerance existed between cultivars, in the form of digression of some cultivars from their expected yield in the outdoor experiment and a significant interaction between cultivar and waterlogging for shoot and root dry weight in the seedling experiment. Cultivars that appeared to differ in their responses to waterlogging were further tested in a field experiment over two seasons and in a second glasshouse seedling experiment. However, there was no significant relationship between measurements taken at the seedling stage and grain yield at maturity; also the field experiment did not provide compelling evidence of differences in tolerance. Cultivars with the largest yield suffered the largest decrease due to waterlogging, and the yield of the cultivar with the lowest yield potential was unaffected. All cultivars showed considerable ability to compensate for winter waterlogging damage by vigorous spring growth. All cultivars produced nodal roots in response to waterlogging, and these displayed evidence of aerenchyma tissue by penetrating below the water level, but no cultivar was any better in this respect than any other. The results of these experiments suggest that screening for waterlogging tolerance at the seedling stage is not representative of final yield. It is suggested that the lack of diversity for tolerance is a result of the inbred nature of UK wheat cultivars and that the overall good level of tolerance and ability to compensate has been selected for, either inadvertently, or as a result of selecting the best cultivars in UK conditions, where tolerance to waterlogging is a part of the general winter hardiness required.

scholarly journals Application of Zinc and Iron-Based Fertilizers Improves the Growth Attributes, Productivity, and Grain Quality of Two Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Cultivars

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Bilal Hafeez ◽  
Yasir Ramzan ◽  
Shahbaz Khan ◽  
Danish Ibrar ◽  
Saqib Bashir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Growth Attributes ◽  
The Impact

Field-based experiments were conducted during wheat cultivation seasons of 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 to minimize the impact of hidden hunger (micronutrient deficiencies) through agronomic biofortification of two wheat cultivars with zinc and iron. Two spring-planted bread wheat cultivars: Zincol-16 (Zn-efficient) and Anaj-17 (Zn-inefficient with high-yield potential) were treated with either zinc (10 kg/ha), iron (12 kg/ha), or their combination to study their effect on some growth attributes (plant height, tillers, and spike length, etc.,), productivity, and quality. No application of zinc and iron or their combinations served as the control. Maximum Zn and Fe contents of grains were improved by sole application of Zn and Fe, respectively. A higher concentration of Ca in grains was observed by the combined application of Zn and Fe. Starch contents were found maximum by sole application of Fe. Sole or combined application of Zn and Fe reduced wet gluten contents. Maximum proteins were recorded in Anaj-17 under control treatments. Zincol-16 produced maximum ionic concentration, starch contents, and wet gluten as compared to Anaj-17. Yield and growth attributes were also significantly (p < 0.05) improved by combined application as compared to the sole application of Zn or Fe. The combined application also produced the highest biological and grain yield with a maximum harvest index. Cultivar Anaj-17 was found more responsive regarding growth and yield attributes comparatively. The findings of the present study showed that the combined application of Zn and Fe produced good quality grains (more Zn, Fe, Ca, starch, and less gluten concentrations) with a maximum productivity of bread wheat cultivars.

scholarly journals Response of Some Cameroonian Cocoyam Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott. Cultivars/ Landraces to Tissue Culture Techniques

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Dominic Kumbah Njualem ◽  
Tange Denis Achiri ◽  
Tiozang Nangni Florente ◽  
Abdulai Assan Nkuh ◽  
Eugene Lendzemo Tatah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Skin Colour ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
White Skin ◽  
Xanthosoma Sagittifolium

Aims: This study was aimed at exploring tissue culture technique as a tool for mass propagation of some Cameroonian cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) cultivars/landraces (red, yellow and white skin colour). Study Design: The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with three treatments in four replications. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the tissue culture laboratory of the Institute of Agricultural Research for Development, Bambui, Cameroon, in the first half of                  2018. Methodology: Explants were gotten from three Cameroonian cocoyam landraces (red, white and yellow skin colour). Shoot tips were excised and cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS)                  medium supplemented with 30 g of sucrose, 5ml of ascorbic acid, 4ml of 6- benzylaminopurine (BAP 1mg/l), 1 ml indole-3- acetic acid (IAA 1 mg/l) and 6 g of agar at pH of 5.8±0.1 for shoot initiation and proliferation. Data was collected after 4 weeks (number dead, number rooted, number of roots, number of buds) and 12 weeks (number of leaves, shoot length, number contaminated) of initiation. Results: All the landraces responded positively to the growth media since none died. The number of explant rooted did not vary significantly (p > .05). The highest number of roots and buds were from the white cultivar, followed by the red cultivar. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences (p = .05) in most of the parameters measured except for number rooted. Highest numbers of leaves and shoot length were recorded from the red cultivar, followed by the yellow and white cultivars. However, the white cultivar (4.2) was more susceptible to pathogen than the yellow (3.5) and red (2.67) cultivar (F = 19.13, df = 2, 8, p < .001. Conclusion: Cameroonian cocoyam cultivars responded positively as far as growth parameters are concern on growth media. It is recommended that the three cocoyam cultivars be followed from growth media to the field and evaluate their growth and yield parameters.

scholarly journals Physio-Morphological and Biochemical Trait-Based Evaluation of Ethiopian and Chinese Wheat Germplasm for Drought Tolerance at the Seedling Stage

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4605
Author(s):  
Gizie Abeje Belay ◽  
Zhengbin Zhang ◽  
Ping Xu
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Length Ratio ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Wheat Germplasm ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Drought Resistant

For Ethiopia’s wheat production, drought is a major natural disaster. Exploration of drought-resistant varieties from a bulk of wheat germplasm conserved in the gene bank is of paramount importance for breeding climate change-resilient modern cultivars. The present study was aimed at identifying the best performing drought-resistant genotypes under non-stress and polyethylene glycol simulated (PEG) stress conditions in a growth chamber. Forty diverse Ethiopian bread and durum wheat cultivars along with three Chinese bread wheat cultivars possessing strong drought resistance and susceptibility were evaluated. After acclimation with the natural environment, the seedlings were imposed to severe drought stress (20% PEG6000), and 15 seedling traits including photosynthetic and free proline were investigated. Our findings indicated that drought stress caused a profound decline in plant water consumption (83.0%), shoot fresh weight (64.9%), stomatal conductance (61.6%), root dry weight (55.2%), and other investigated traits except root to shoot length ratio and proline content which showed a significant increase under drought stress. A significant and positive correlation was found between photosynthetic pigments in both growth conditions. Proline exhibited a negative correlation with most of the investigated traits except root to shoot length ratio and all photosynthetic pigments which showed a positive and non-significant association. Our result also showed a wide range of genetic variation (CV) ranging from 3.23% to 47.3%; the highest in shoot dry weight (SDW) (47.3%) followed by proline content (44.63%) and root dry weight (36.03%). Based on multivariate principal component biplot analysis and average sum of ranks (ASR), G12, G16 and G25 were identified as the best drought tolerant and G6, G42, G4, G11, and G9 as bottom five sensitive. The potential of these genotypes offers further investigation at a molecular and cellular level to identify the novel gene associated with the stress response.

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