Idolatry of Facts

2020 ◽  
pp. 72-120
Author(s):  
Tom Vandeputte
Keyword(s):  
Human Being ◽  
Eternal Return ◽  
Death Of God ◽  
Critical Engagement ◽  
Starting Point

“What is precisely most valuable about philosophy,” Nietzsche writes in one of his early notebooks, “is to constantly teach the counter-doctrine to everything journalistic (die Gegenlehre alles journalistischen zu lehren).” This hyperbolic remark serves as a starting point for this chapter, which examines the preoccupation with journalism that runs throughout Nietzsche’s work, ranging from the writings of the early 1870s, when he was working on the Untimely Meditations, to the period in which he wrote Thus Spoke Zarathustra, where acerbic caricatures of newspapers readers and an “idolatry of the factual” occur alongside images of a different, archaic kind of news and rumors of an unknown future. As this chapter demonstrates, Nietzsche’s critical engagement with journalism is interwoven with key themes in his work, such as his reflections on language, rhetoric and reading, the death of God and the “last human being,” and untimeliness and the “eternal return.”

A New Deal Between Mankind and its Gods

2017 ◽  
pp. 105-124
Author(s):  
Abdennour Bidar
Keyword(s):  
New Deal ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Human Species ◽  
Death Of God ◽  
New Era ◽  
New Man ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dialectical Process ◽  
Spiritual History

This chapter discusses Muhammad Iqbal’s response to the argument of Friedrich Nietzsche about the exit from religion. Instead of considering this event as the death of god, Iqbal considers it as the birth of a new man, and the starting point of a new era in the spiritual history of humanity. Following Iqbal’s line of thought, the chapter points to a de-Westernization of the theory of an exit from religion and, in so doing, offers a critique of Western liberalism. In Iqbal’s view, liberation from the guardianship of God does not mean there is no longer any relationship between God and humanity. Thus, when Iqbal talks about a metaphysical liberalism, he is referring to the intuition of the future, characterized by the next step in our spiritual evolution where the human species is liberated from the vision of a divine form as something different from itself, and has instead liberated itself in this divine form. In this sense, the exit from religion signals the beginning of a dialectical process of integrating God into humanity. Accordingly, Iqbal’s ideas can serve as a tool for understanding liberalism and secularization not only as a political process but as a spiritual re-birth for humankind.

scholarly journals Figurative representation of death in the Italian comic book Dylan Dog

Jezikoslovlje ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-278
Author(s):  
Ilhana Škrgić
Keyword(s):  
Comic Book ◽  
Canonical Representation ◽  
Theory Model ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Written Text ◽  
Grim Reaper ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Complex Integration ◽  
Individual Human ◽  
Static Visuals

The canonical representation of death as the Grim Reaper is a well-known trope in art. The main aim of this paper is to analyze this trope as it appears in selected instalments of the Italian comics series Dylan Dog. Fauconnier and Turner have extensively discussed its complexity by describing it in terms of the Blending Theory/Conceptual Theory model. As a complex integration of several mental spaces, including a space with an individual human being dying, and a harvest space, the Grim Reaper blend involves metaphoric and metonymic interactions of non-counterpart elements (Fauconnier & Turner 1998). This model will be used as a starting point in the analysis of the corpus consisting of four separate Dylan Dog stories. In the selected issues, the Grim Reaper appears in both the traditional version: a skeleton-like creature dressed in a monk’s robe and holding a scythe, as well as variants in which its appearance gains new and unusual characteristics. It will be demonstrated how the artists' use of the comics medium, with its combination of written text and static visuals, enables certain creative varieties on the classic trope.

scholarly journals Social Theory after Strathern: An Introduction

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 7-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Street ◽  
Jacob Copeman
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Critical Engagement ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
Subject And Object

Taking its cue from the articles in this special issue, this introduction explores what value a critical engagement with Strathern’s work might have for the social sciences by setting such an engagement in motion. It argues that Strathern’s writings are a particularly fruitful starting point for reflecting on our assumptions about what exactly theory might be and how and where it may be made to travel. Through the juxtaposition of articles published in this special issue and Strathern’s writings on Melanesia it explores the theorization of power in the social sciences as one arena in which Strathernian strategies might be harnessed in order to reflect on and extend Euro-American concepts. It also takes Strathern’s own interest in gardening as a metaphoric base for generating novel topologies of subject and object, the particular and the general, and the concrete and the abstract. This introduction does not provide a primer for ‘Strathernian theory’. Instead it reviews some of the original strategies and techniques – differentiation, staging of analogy, surprise, bifurcation, the echo, and an unremitting focus on how we make our familiar categories of analysis known to ourselves – that Strathern has used to ‘garden’ her theory: it can be used, if you like, as a conceptual toolkit.

Jan Bosko’s pedagogy – the methodology of educational actions

2020 ◽  
Vol XI (3 (32)) ◽  
pp. 123-134
Author(s):  
Joachim Glier
Keyword(s):  
Human Being ◽  
Starting Point

Starting point in the methodology of educational actions of the Bosko’s pedagogy is getting to know the pupil. For this reason the educator has to contact with the pupil every day and talk to him (about his life, interests, likings, plans, dreams, learning). In the contacts with the pupil the educator shows him cordiality and goodwill, he tries to understand his problems and helps him to solve them. The educator also shows pupil respects that is due for human being. I this way the educator comes into emotional bond and acquires pupil’s confidence. Very important factor is family atmosphere and atmosphere of joy in relations between the educator and pupil. It is necessary to do everything the pupils to be healthy, strong, righteous, joyful and happy. Keywords; getting to know, contacting, relation of cordiality and goodwill, confidence, family atmosphere, atmosphere of joy, health, righteousness, respects for human being.

scholarly journals Kultura i mit — iluzje demitologizacji

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-46
Author(s):  
Leszek Kleszcz ◽  
Krzysztof Sztalt
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Protective Atmosphere ◽  
Story Telling ◽  
Eternal Return ◽  
Death Of God ◽  
The Core ◽  
The World

One of the most fundamental existential experiences is the “indifference of the world”. Faced with the awareness of the insignificance of human fate, the lack of meaning, the indifference of the world, man creates various strategies of depotentialising reality. One of them is “story-telling”, working on a myth. Nietzsche also believed that “life needs a protective atmosphere woven from illusions, dreams, delusions”, so he tried to create a myth to fill the void left by the “death of God”. He began with Wagner’s “aesthetic myth” and went on to create a “myth of the aestheticisation of existence”. His next attempts to give meaning to human life were the story of the Übermensch and the revitalization of the myth of eternal return. Another myth which can be found at the core of Nietzsche’s philosophy is “the myth of the myth-maker”.

scholarly journals THE CHILD AS AN «ARCHETYPE», «PROTOTYPE» AND «ASSEMBLAGE POINT»

2021 ◽  
pp. 352-360
Author(s):  
Galina M. Ponomareva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
Philosophical Anthropology ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Scientific Paradigms ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Status ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Definition Of

A new stage in the development of the humanities is largely connected with the understanding of the consequences of the «anthropological turn», the beginning of which is attributed to the 1960s-70s. Numerous discussions of this period led to the formation of new trends associated with the change of scientific paradigms and the transition to a post-non-classical interpretation of the «human phenomenon». The purpose of this article is to study the possible theoretical and methodological prospects that open up to philosophical anthropology due to the emergence of new explication models and new scientific lexicons. To achieve this goal, we chose the image of the Child, accumulating the most essential features of a person and a human being and interpreted metaphorically, as the starting point of the analysis. The Child is presented as an «anthropological constant» denoting a person’s ability to innovate and operate with imaginary phenomena endowed with the status of real ones. As an «anthropological constant», the Child acquires archetypal features that are significant for understanding the nature and meaning of any human activity and interpreting the processes of patterning human states. The approach developed in the article allows us to make several assumptions. First, the Child should be considered in the context of the drama of human existence, which consists in the infinite variability and fundamental incompleteness of the «human project». In this case, what comes to the fore is not the task of studying the boundaries of the human but the definition of the actual capabilities of a person. Secondly, the image of the Child embodies a state of transience, randomness. This requires a wider use of the method of multiple interpretations and post-phenomenological approaches within the framework of modern philosophical anthropology. Thirdly, the image of the Child embodies an existential conflict, which makes it possible to identify the complex dynamics of human states and describe them contextually.

scholarly journals The Origin of Labour Camp Theme in A.I. Solzhenitsyn’s Works: from Poetry to The Gulag Archipelago

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-263
Author(s):  
Nadezhda I. Glukhova ◽  
Nellya M. Shchedrina
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Political Prisoners ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of ◽  
Narrative Poem ◽  
First Time ◽  
Labour Camp ◽  
Gulag Archipelago

In the present article A.I. Solzhenitsyn’s poetic works and The Gulag Archipelago are analyzed, their proximity and thematic kinship are revealed. The authors appeal to the creative history of these works, remark that poems and parts of the Archipelago are arranged according to a certain pattern. Both in poetry and prose, Solzhenitsyn reveals the path taken by Soviet convicts. Camps for political prisoners and I.V. Stalin’s death take significant place in his works. A.I. Solzhenitsyn is particularly interested in the unity of heroes with nature, communion with it as with an attribute of free people’s life. The writer claims that the camp may become a starting point for spiritual resurrection of a human being. Metaphorization as one of the artistic elements is used for the first time in lyrics to reveal the image of Russia. The authors conclude that the camp theme arose during Solzhenitsyn’s imprisonment and was first expressed in lyrics and the narrative poem Dorozhen’ka. The Gulag Archipelago was formed later not only from the personal experience of the author but also from numerous materials and evidence of eyewitnesses.

scholarly journals The Eternal Return: The Heaviest of the Burdens

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-124
Author(s):  
Fatemeh (Sara) Pakdamanshahri
Keyword(s):  
Human Being ◽  
Eternal Return ◽  
Freedom Of Choice ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Return Home ◽  
One To One ◽  
The Individual

“Putting it negatively, the myth of eternal return states that a life which disappears once and for all, which does not return, is like a shadow, without weight, dead in advance, and whether it was horrible, beautiful, or sublime, its horror, sublimity, and beauty mean nothing.”1 As Kundera, himself, puts it, the idea of living once and never returning to it suggests the utmost lightness under which one’s existence hinders rather than strengthen. The Unbearable Lightness of Being calls on us in the hope of a rediscovery of the experience of homecoming, not only in a geographical sense as we see in Oedipus the King, but more importantly in the psychological, spiritual, and epistemological sense of the term. The struggle between fate and freedom of choice, feeling of guilt and the resolution to its confrontation are among the mutual themes in these two literary masterpieces. Although there are a number of one to one connections between certain characters in the two literary works mentioned, the noteworthy is the individual journey they take to return home (in its metaphorical sense), which at the same time speaks of a collective journey of the homecoming of the human being.

Image of human being refl ected in the education objectives preferred by parents

2019 ◽  
Vol 582 (7) ◽  
pp. 52-61
Author(s):  
Edyta Zawadzka
Keyword(s):  
Educational Environment ◽  
Family Education ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Senses

Taking as a starting point for analysis the personalistic defi nition of education as a process aimed at helping the child to realize his/her humanity, the article focuses on the senses and meanings associated with the postulated vision of human being, which are refl ected in the teleological aspects of family education. The presented considerations are based on the results of a survey conducted at the beginning of 2019, in which 212 parents residing in the Łódź and Mazowieckie provinces took part. The presented refl ections show that aiming to realize humanity is an important area of family education. Image of human being refl ected in the preferred education objectives is characterized by partial heterogeneity and fragmentation. The specifi city of the characteristics of the analysed issue constructed in the article justifi es the importance of the school undertaking pedagogizing activities towards the family as an educational environment and compensatory towards the child.

Miguel de Unamuno’s Anthropological Theses – From Tragedy to Transcendence

Tekstualia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 135-150
Author(s):  
Maria Gołębiewska
Keyword(s):  
Life Goals ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Religious Thought ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Internal Contradiction ◽  
Human Effort ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Ontological Sense ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Individual Human

The aim of the text is to provide a preliminary discussion of the assumptions and anthropological theses in Miguel de Unamuno’s philosophy, mainly because of his best-known book from 1912 Del sentimiento trágico de la vida (Tragic Sense of Life). Unamuno’s extensive deliberations can be considered in many contexts: ontological, epistemological, ethical and axiological. However, anthropological theses seem to be dominant in his thoughts. In Unamuno’s anthropological theses, especially in his affi rmation of human existence, it is easy to see references to religious thought and theology (Catholic and Protestant). Unamuno infl uenced the further development of philosophy and his theses can be considered as a presentation of the main philosophical problems of the 20th century: the identity of the individual, the sense of existence, the individualisation of life goals and choices, freedom as a task facing the individual, the impermanence of norms and the search for lasting values, senses and meanings. It is easy to notice that what makes Unamuno’s theses stand out is the anthropocentrism of his theses, i.e. the belief in the original – in an ontological sense – essence of humanity. Unamuno, in his anthropological theses, captures the essence and existence of humanity, but the starting point is always the concrete, individual human being and its existence. In characterising humans, Unamuno describes the human effort and desire for immortality, adopts the assumptions of historical relativism, referring at the same time to the permanent and unchanging sphere of transcendence. He assumes an inherently diverse human being, which is internally contradictory. This internal contradiction results in different anthropologies, but also in a differentiated identity of the individual. The tragic character of the mundane existence relates to the irremovable aporias of the spiritual and the material in humans, as well as reason and will, aspiration and inability. Faith in God is the decisive element in the tragic existence of humans, which is nevertheless affi rmed by Unamuno. It is this existence in a mundane form that we wish to preserve through immortality and our way towards transcendence.

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