Potential of Greenhouse Gas Production by Guinea Grass Subjected to Weed Competition

The world population growth and the increasing purchasing power have raised the demand for animal proteins, especially meat and milk. This has made it essential to intensify livestock production by making it productive, efficient and at the same time sustainable, which today is a great challenge for cattle ranchers. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of coexistence with weeds on productivity, nutritional quality and potential of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission by Guinea grass (Panicum maximum cv. Mombasa) in pasture renewal conditions. The experiment was set up in randomized blocks, four replications, with treatments consisting of eight periods of coexistence: 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 and 120 days after seedlings emergence. Phyto-sociological evaluations were performed in the weed community at the end of each coexistence period. The Guinea grass was evaluated as for morphological, chemical and bromatological parameters and as for the potential of total gas, methane and carbon dioxide emission. The results show that productivity, nutritional quality and energy value of Guinea grass decreases proportionally to the increase in the period of coexistence with weeds. The non-coexistence with weeds provides a better in vitro digestibility of organic matter and, consequently, decreases the GHG emission potential by the dry matter of Guinea grass.

Download Full-text

Potential of methane and carbon dioxide in vitro production by Urochloa hybrid subjected to periods of coexistence with weeds

Bioscience Journal ◽

10.14393/bj-v36n3a2020-47709 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Edenilson Meurer ◽

Sara Carvalho de Brito ◽

Sidnei Roberto de Marchi ◽

Guilherme Henrique Rodrigues Pinheiro ◽

Dagoberto Martins

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Quality ◽

Block Design ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

World Population ◽

Ghg Emission ◽

In Vitro Production ◽

Potential Productivity ◽

Randomized Block Design

The increased world population has raised the demand for animal proteins, forcing livestock to become productive, efficient, and environmentally sustainable. This study aimed to assess the effect of weed coexistence on productivity, nutritional quality, and potential production of greenhouse gases (GHG) by Convert HD364 grass (Urochloa hibrida cv. Mulato II) under pasture renovation conditions. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with four replications and treatments consisting of eight coexistence periods: 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, and 120 days after seedling emergence. Phytosociological assessments were performed in the weed community at the end of each coexistence period. The Convert HD364 grass was assessed for the morphological and chemical-bromatological parameters and for the GHG emission potential. Productivity, nutritional quality, and energy value of the Convert HD364 grass decreased proportionally with the increased period of weed coexistence. The non-coexistence with weeds results in a better in vitro digestibility of organic matter and, consequently, decreases the potential of GHG emission by the dry matter of the Convert HD364 grass.

Download Full-text

Effect of maturity stage and processing on chemical composition, in vitro gas production and preference of Panicum maximum and Pennisetum purpureum

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v40i2.1129 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 172-182

Author(s):

T. A. Amole ◽

B. O. Oduguwa ◽

O. A Adepoju ◽

O. Adenuga ◽

O. Adegunwa

Keyword(s):

Gas Production ◽

Pennisetum Purpureum ◽

Maturity Stage ◽

Panicum Maximum ◽

Intake Rate ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Group Feeding ◽

Guinea Grass ◽

Gas Volume

The trials arranged in 2 x 2 x 2 factorial completely randomized design to evaluated the selection preference of Guinea grass (Panicum maximum) and Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum ) of four and eight weeks regrowth served either fresh green chop or pelleted using 12 intact Muturu calves in a 15 min cafeteria. The diets were served to animals either individual or in group. The CP content of the grasses ranged from 105 to 133 g/kg DM with pelleted panicum at 8 weeks old having the highest CP. Pelleted grasses of 4 week old had the lowest (P<0.05) NDF in the trial. Panicum pelleted at 4 weeks old recorded the highest (P < 0.05) sequential in vitro gas volume of 5.25 ml/200g while the volume of gas produced by pelleted grasses was higher (P < 0.01) than the fresh grasses. Pennisetum pelleted at 8 weeks old had the highest (P<0.05) ME of 6.18 MJ/kg DM. Age at harvest influenced preference as forages harvested at 4 weeks old had higher intake. Group feeding also influenced forage preference. Correlation analysis showed that DM, SCFA, and ash contents have poor (P> 0.01) capacity to preference of forages. Forage preference considered in terms of intake rate indicated that growing calves preferred fresh P. maximum 4 week old to the other samples used in this study. It is concluded that in order to optimize DM intake farmers should consider the type of grasses and their age at harvest particularly for Muturu. Pelleting improves acceptability of forages when rejected by animal as fresh forage form due to advanced age.

Download Full-text

Associative effects of wet distiller’s grains plus solubles and tannin-rich peanut skin supplementation on in vitro rumen fermentation, greenhouse gas emissions, and microbial changes1

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz317 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (11) ◽

pp. 4668-4681 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Byeng Ryel Min ◽

Lana Castleberry ◽

Heather Allen ◽

David Parker ◽

Heidi Waldrip ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Gas Production ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Gas Emissions ◽

Distiller's Grains ◽

Peanut Skin ◽

Ch4 Production ◽

Wet Distiller's Grains ◽

In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

Abstract Two sets of in vitro rumen fermentation experiments were conducted to determine effects of diets that included wet distiller’s grains plus solubles (WDGS) and tannin-rich peanut skin (PS) on the in vitro digestibility, greenhouse gas (GHG) and other gas emissions, fermentation rate, and microbial changes. The objectives were to assess associative effects of various levels of PS or WDGS on the in vitro digestibility, GHG and other gas emissions, fermentation rate, and microbial changes in the rumen. All gases were collected using an ANKOM Gas Production system for methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) analyses. Cumulative ruminal gas production was determined using 250 mL ANKOM sampling bottles containing 50 mL of ruminal fluid (pH 5.8), 40 mL of artificial saliva (pH 6.8), and 6 g of mixed diets after a maximum of 24 h of incubation. Fermenters were flushed with CO2 gas and held at 39 °C in a shaking incubator for 24 h. Triplicate quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analyses were conducted to determine microbial diversity. When WDGS was supplied in the diet, in the absence of PS, cumulative CH4 production increased (P < 0.05) with 40% WDGS. In the presence of PS, production of CH4 was reduced but the reduction was less at 40% WDGS. In the presence of PS, ruminal lactate, succinate, and acetate/propionate (A/P) ratio tended to be less with a WDGS interaction (P < 0.01). In the presence of PS and with 40% WDGS, average populations of Bacteroidetes, total methanogens, Methanobrevibacter sp. AbM4, and total protozoa were less. The population of total methanogens (R2 = 0.57; P < 0.01), Firmicutes (R2 = 0.46: P < 0.05), and Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio (R2 = 0.46; P < 0.03) were strongly correlated with ruminal CH4 production. Therefore, there was an associative effect of tannin-rich PS and WDGS, which suppressed methanogenesis both directly and indirectly by modifying populations of ruminal methanogens.

Download Full-text

PRODUKSI, KUALITAS, DAN KECERNAAN IN VITRO TANAMAN RUMPUT BENGGALA (Panicum maximum) PADA LAHAN SALIN

Buletin Peternakan ◽

10.21059/buletinpeternak.v35i1.588 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 30

Author(s):

Endang Dwi Purbajanti ◽

R. Djoko Sutrisno ◽

Eko Hanudin ◽

Subur Priyono Sasmito Budhi

Keyword(s):

Coastal Area ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Saline Soil ◽

Block Design ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Panicum Maximum ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Guinea Grass

The aim of this study was to evaluate performance and in vitro digestibility of Guinea grass grown on saline soil. Yield, quality, and in vitro digestibility of Guinea grass cultivated on coastal area with crop populations of 10,000, 20,000, and 30,000 plants per hectare. Experiment was conducted following randomized complete block design (RCBD). Higher crop population increased fresh and DM biomass production, crude protein (CP) yield, dry matter (DM) content, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), lignin, and hemicellulose content, but decreased CP content, and in vitro organic matter digestibility (OMD). The increased population had no effect on acid detergent fiber (ADF) and in vitro dry matter digestibility (DMD). It could be concluded that guinea grass was recommended to be planted in saline coastal area by addition of fertilizer 20 tons/ha manure, 3 tons/ha gypsum, and 50 kg N (239 kg ZA/ha) as source of nitrogen. (Keywords: Forage, Salinity, Saline soil, Manure, Gypsum, Nitrogen source)

Download Full-text

Chemical composition, in vitro digestibility and gas production characteristics of six ficus species based diets with Panicum maximum in the dry season

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v36i1.1187 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 143-152

Author(s):

T. O. Abegunde ◽

O. J. Babayemi ◽

A. O. Akinsoyinu

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Gas Production ◽

Dry Season ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Panicum Maximum ◽

Production Characteristics

The nutritive value of Ficus exasperata, F. polita, f. vogelli, F. ahutilifolia, F. thonningii, und F. mucoso in mixtures with 30% Punicum maximum were investigated in terms of their chemical composition, saponins, phenols, in vitro gus production (IVGP), metabolizuble energy (ME), organic matter digestibility (OMD%) and short chain fatty acids (SCFA). Neutral detergent fibre (NDF) was significantly (P<0.05) lowest in E thoningii. Saponin was detected in F politu, while Phenol was detected in all Ficus species except F. poliiu und F. thonningii. WVGP, ME, OMD and SCFA obtained for all Ficus species were significantly (P<0.05) higher than values obtained for F. mucoso. Least value for soluble 'a' fraction of the samples was recorded for A mucoso (5.76), similar to values obtained for E thonningii (7.17), F. abutilifoliu (7.92) and F exasperula (7.92). Potential gas production 'b'values differed significantly (p<0.05) among E exasperata (50.50), I vogelli (43.92) and f mucoso (37.25), but was similar among E polita (46.17), E. thonningii (44.83) and F. abutilifolia (44.50). Potentially degradable a+b' fructions for all ficus species except F. mucuso were similar und significantly (P<0.05) higher than F mucoso. Rate of fermentation 'c' differed significantly (P<0.05) henveen F exasperata (0.06) and E mucoso (0.04). Data from this study showed that ull Ficus species except Ficus mucoso had potential to be used as forage supplements in the dry season.

Download Full-text

Potentials of Ensiled Panicum Maximum with Different Crop Residues as Ruminant Feed During Dry Season

International Journal of Scientific Research in Science Engineering and Technology ◽

10.32628/ijsrset196485 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 423-437

Author(s):

Binuomote R. T. ◽

Adeyi T. K. ◽

Ojoawo O. T.

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Crop Residues ◽

Gas Production ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Panicum Maximum ◽

In Vitro Gas Production ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Guinea Grass

The experiment was conducted to determine the nutritive value of ensiled guinea grass with different additives using in-vitro gas production method. The silage were in 5 treatments T1: 90% of guinea grass + 10% yellow maize residue, T2: 90% of guinea grass + 10% white maize residue, T3: 90% of guinea grass + 10% guinea corn residue, T4: 90% of guinea grass + 10% soy bean residue, T5: 100% of guinea grass.. The silage quality, physical properties, chemical composition, the in vitro gas production after 24hours of incubation were investigated. Methane (CH4) gas produced was measured. Metabolizable energy (ME), Organic matter digestibility (OMD) and the short chain fatty acid (SCFA) were estimated from the in vitro gas production parameters. The colour of the silage varied among the silage treatments and were closer to the colours of the fresh forage. All the silage had pleasant smell and the temperature had no significant difference among the silage treatments. The pH ranged from 4.23 � 5.60 which has significant difference among the silage treatments. The chemical composition of the silage were as follows: Dry matter (DM) 23.73 to 29.50%, Crude protein (CP), 6.93 to 11.05%; Crude fibre (CF), 27.84 to 31.20%; and ash, 15.01 to 17.50%. Hemicellulose ranges from 23.29 to 26.05%, Cellulose ranges from 21.07 to 30.50%. The mineral composition value of the ensiled ranges are as follow: CA, 0.19 to 0.23%; P, 0.17 to 0.19%; NA, 0.08 to 0.11%; k, 0.34 to 0.45%; MG, 0,10 to 0.13%. Potential gas production varied from 13.00 ml/200mg DM to 18.67 ml/200mg DM. The high (P<0.05) potential gas value of 18.67 ml/200mg DM was obtained for silage T4. The highest value of ME (5.41MJ/kg DM); OMD (46.10%) and SCFA (0.51-mol) were obtained in silage T3 which contain 90% guinea grass with 10%guineacorn residue. Result indicates that silage from 90% guinea grass with 10% white maize residue have the best nutritive value.

Download Full-text

Influence of supplementing Guinea grass with differently processed African yam bean on gas production and in vitro digestibility

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia ◽

10.37496/rbz4920200029 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

Author(s):

Toibudeen Adesegun Sanni ◽

Oluwatosin Mawunapn Adegoke Jesuyon ◽

Festus Adeyemi Adejoro ◽

Samuel Olorunfemi Baiyeri ◽

Oluwapelumi Victoria Boluwaji ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Production ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

African Yam Bean ◽

Guinea Grass

Download Full-text

Improving ensiling characteristics by adding lactic acid bacteria modifies in vitro digestibility and methane production of forage-sorghum mixture silage

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-81505-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Chatchai Kaewpila ◽

Pongsatorn Gunun ◽

Piyawit Kesorn ◽

Sayan Subepang ◽

Suwit Thip-uten ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Gas Production ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Acid Fermentation ◽

Design Factor ◽

Forage Sorghum ◽

Randomized Design

AbstractImproving the nutrition of livestock is an important aspect of global food production sustainability. This study verified whether lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculant could promote ensiling characteristics, nutritive value, and in vitro enteric methane (CH4) mitigation of forage sorghum (FS) mixture silage in attacking malnutrition in Zebu beef cattle. The FS at the soft dough stage, Cavalcade hay (CH), and cassava chip (CC) were obtained. The treatments were designed as a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design. Factor A was FS prepared without or with CH, CC, and CH + CC. Factor B was untreated or treated with Lactobacillus casei TH14. The results showed that all FS mixture silages preserved well with lower pH values below 4.0 and higher lactic acid contents above 56.4 g/kg dry matter (DM). Adding LAB boosted the lactic acid content of silages. After 24 h and 48 h of in vitro rumen incubation, the CC-treated silage increased in vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD) with increased total gas production and CH4 production. The LAB-treated silage increased IVDMD but decreased CH4 production. Thus, the addition of L. casei TH14 inoculant could improve lactic acid fermentation, in vitro digestibility, and CH4 mitigation in the FS mixture silages.

Download Full-text

PSXIV-14 Supplementation of high-grain diet with red osier dogwood affects in vitro digestibility and fermentation characteristics

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab235.840 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 477-477

Author(s):

Wenzhu Yang

Keyword(s):

Control Diet ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Positive Control ◽

Gas Production ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Rumen Acidosis ◽

Barley Silage ◽

And Control

Abstract Red osier dogwood (ROD) is a native shrub plant rich in phenolic compounds with antimicrobial properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of substituting barley silage with either raw ROD or ROD extract (RODE) in high-grain (HG) diet under a low media pH (5.8) on gas production (GP), dry matter (DM) disappearance (DMD) and fermentation characteristics in batch cultures. The study was a completely randomized design with 4 treatments: 1) control diet (10% barley silage and 90% barley concentrate, DM basis), control diet supplemented with 2) monensin (30 mg/kg diet DM; positive control), 3) substitution of 3% ROD or 4) 3% RODE for an equal portion of silage. Inoculum was obtained from 2 ruminally fistulated beef heifers offered the HG diet. Substrate ground (1 mm) was incubated for 24 h and the experiment repeated twice. The GP did not differ among treatments (147 ml/g DM), but the DMD differed (P < 0.02) at highest for control (69.4%), lowest for ROD (58.4%) and intermediate for other treatments (64.1%). Total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration (mM) tended (P< 0.08) to be lower with ROD (80.5) and monensin (80.1) than control (83.9). Acetate proportion was greater (P = 0.02) with ROD (46.2%) and RODE (46.9%) than control (42.4%) and monensin (42.3%). However, the propionate proportion was greater (P = 0.05) with monensin (32.1%) than other treatments (averaged 30.1%). Consequently, acetate to propionate ratio (A:P) of ROD (1.52) and RODE (1.56) was higher than monensin (1.32; P < 0.01) and control (1.44; P < 0.08). Differences in variables measured between ROD and RODE were minimal. These results indicated that the decreased DMD along with increased A:P with addition of ROD or RODE suggests that both ROD and RODE may be beneficial to HG fed cattle for reducing risk of rumen acidosis without negatively impacting fibre digestion.

Download Full-text

Condensed tannins extracted from Quebracho affect the fermentation profile, nutritional quality and in vitro gas production of pornunça (Manihot spp.) silages

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859621000605 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

D. T. Q. Carvalho ◽

A. R. F. Lucena ◽

T. V. C. Nascimento ◽

L. M. L. Moura ◽

P. D. R. Marcelino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Quality ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Condensed Tannin ◽

Gas Production ◽

Rapid Decline ◽

Randomized Design ◽

In Vitro Gas Production ◽

Acid Detergent Fibre ◽

Fermentation Profile

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the fermentation profile, in vitro gas production and nutritional quality of pornunça (Manihot spp.) silages containing levels of condensed tannin (CT; 0, 4, 8 and 12% on dry matter (DM) basis), at five opening times (0, 3, 7, 14, 28 and 56 days). A completely randomized design in a 4 × 5 factorial arrangement was adopted, with four replications, totalling 80 experimental silos. The pH and NH3-N analyses were performed at all opening times of the silos. The other analyses were performed only with silages opened at 56 days of storage. There was an interaction effect between CT levels and silo opening times for pH and NH3-N. Tannin levels in pornunça silages after 56 days ensiling increased the pH and DM and reduced crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF). There was a quadratic effect for NH3-N, acetic acid, butyric acid, gas losses, dry matter recovery (DMR), hemicellulose and acid detergent fibre. Inclusion of 4 and 8% CT in pornunça silage promotes a rapid decline in pH, being within the acceptable limit for adequate fermentation at 3 days of ensiling. Silages with 4% CT establish the pH at 28 days of opening the silos, with reduced NH3-N. Silages with 4% CT present higher concentrations of acetic and butyric acids and greater DMR. Inclusion of CT in pornunça silage after 56 days ensiling increases DM and reduces CP and NDF, directly affecting the in vitro degradability and reducing gas production.

Download Full-text