scholarly journals Immediate and Long-Term Effects of “Learning By Teaching” on Knowledge of Cognition

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Gutman
Keyword(s):  
Procedural Knowledge ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Learning By Teaching ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Dual Perspective ◽  
Practical Implications

Learning By Teaching (LBT) programs for pre-service teachers in two different environments (technological and face-to-face) were compared using 100 pre-service teachers as subjects. Both programs were based on the IMPROVE instructional method which provides explicit metacognitive steps for LBT with a dual perspective (2P): that of the teacher and that of the learner. The dependent variables Knowledge of Cognition (KC) in learning and in teaching were tested for their immediate and long-term effects in a Technology-Based System group (TBS+2P), and in a Face-to-Face group (F2F+2P). Post-test results of KC have indicated that the TBS+2P group had shown a higher level of conditional and procedural knowledge of teaching. The TBS+2P group has also performed better in measures of long-term effects of declarative knowledge in teaching. Both theoretical and practical implications of this study are discussed.

scholarly journals Crisis and Continuation: The Digital Relocation of Jain Socio-Religious Praxis during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 342
Author(s):  
Tine Vekemans
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Religious Activities ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Social ◽  
Religious Praxis ◽  
Online Format ◽  
Media Channels ◽  
Selection Of

In early 2020, Jain diaspora communities and organizations that had been painstakingly built over the past decades were faced with the far-reaching consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic and its concomitant restrictions. With the possibility of regular face-to-face contact and participation in recurring events—praying, eating, learning, and meditating together—severely limited in most places, organizations were compelled to make a choice. They either had to suspend their activities, leaving members to organize their religious activities on an individual or household basis, or pursue the continuation of some of their habitual activities in an online format, relying on their members’ motivation and technical skills. This study will explore how many Jain organizations in London took to digital media in its different forms to continue to engage with their members throughout 2020. Looking at a selection of websites and social media channels, it will examine online discourses that reveal the social and mental impact of the pandemic on Jains and the broader community, explore the relocation of activities to the digital realm, and assess participation in these activities. In doing so, this article will open a discussion on the long-term effects of this crisis-induced digital turn in Jain religious praxis, and in socio-cultural life in general.

Challenges to Overcome and Scaffolding to Build on

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 50-67
Author(s):  
Hao Yang ◽  
Zhiqiang Ma
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Perceptions ◽  
Flipped Classroom ◽  
Public University ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Learning Behavior ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Exploratory Case Study ◽  
Flipped Classrooms

While current research on the flipped classroom generally focuses on test results and (or) student/teacher perceptions as a measurement of its pedagogical efficacy, students' adaptation to it and the essential conditions for its application are rarely explored. This exploratory case study aims to rectify this by examining how university students adapted to flipped classrooms implemented in a public university in East China. The findings suggest that while the flipped model is impeded by entrenched polarity between students in terms of their learning dispositions and academic competence, students do develop a prototype of theories of learning, a sense of better self through learning from their peers and an awareness of the importance of intrinsic motivation. A gradualist approach is thus proposed for implementing flipped classrooms, which requires longitudinal studies accordingly to understand its long-term effects on learning behavior hitherto left unexplored.

Effects of Post-Tightening on the Residual Bolt Force and the Sealing Performance of Flanged Connections With PTFE Gaskets (Long Term Effects at Room Temperature)

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taiki Hagiri ◽  
Takashi Kobayashi ◽  
Kengou Nishiura ◽  
Kazuaki Uchiyama
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Viscoelastic Characteristic ◽  
Sealing Performance ◽  
Nominal Size ◽  
Gasket Material

It is known that bolt forces reduce significantly after tightening bolted flanged connections in which expanded PTFE gaskets are used. Bolts are often post-tightened in practice after a while to compensate for the reduction of bolt forces. The viscoelastic characteristic of expanded PTFE gaskets is the main cause for the phenomenon. However, the long term effects of the post-tightening on the residual bolt forces and the sealing performance of flanged connections have not been clarified yet. In this study, two sets of flanged connections (2 inch in nominal size), in which PTFE gaskets were used, were prepared and tightened. One of the flanges was post-tightened after a designated time. The reduction of bolt forces and the change in the sealing performance were measured for about two months. The results were compared with those of flanges without post-tightening. Based on the test results, the effectiveness of post-tightening was discussed from the viewpoint of the residual bolt force and the sealing performance. It has been clarified that the effectiveness of post-tightening depends on gasket material and that post-tightening is effective for expanded PTFE gaskets.

scholarly journals Involving postgraduate medical students in pharmacology practical classes by e-learning

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Asma Akter Abbasy ◽  
Mir Misbahuddin
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Procedural Knowledge ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Class A ◽  
Virtual Class ◽  
Virtual Classes ◽  
Post Test ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Questionnaire Surveys ◽  
Teaching Modules

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of e-learning (virtual class) in achieving procedural knowledge necessary to conduct practical class in the laboratory. In this study, teaching modules were prepared on eight selected topic related to pharmacology laboratory works. Virtual classes were conducted among the postgraduate MD students (n=26) of this Department. To know the existing procedural knowledge pre-test was taken before the classes and to evaluate the effectiveness of virtual class,  a post-test was carried out seven days later. To get the feedback from students, two additional questionnaire surveys were done. The performance of each student improved in the post-test in comparison to the pre-test. Most of the students mentioned that virtual class was easier in comparison to face to face class. But they preferred combination classes to learn procedural knowledge.

scholarly journals Human resource management: the promise, the performance, the consequences

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Brewster ◽  
Paul N. Gooderham ◽  
Wolfgang Mayrhofer
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Cross National

Purpose – The dominant focus of HRM research has been that of “strategic HRM”, that is a focus on the impact of HRM on firm performance. The authors argue that not only are the cumulative results of this “dominant research orthodoxy” disappointing in terms of their external validity, but also they are of limited practical value. Further, it has failed not only in terms of its narrow firm performance-oriented agenda, but also the tenets of its agenda have contributed to serious levels of employee dissatisfaction and to the failure to deal with pressing global issues. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – In order to assess the contribution of the dominant research orthodoxy the authors analyse the 16 most cited journal articles in the field of HRM. Findings – The authors find a predominance of US-centric studies and therefore a questionable cross-national generalizability of the dominant research orthodoxy. The use of cross-sectional data means that long-term effects cannot be gauged. The authors observe a lack of consensus on how to operationalize HRM and firm performance. National context is generally absent. Practical implications – The authors show that for HRM to realize its potential for governments, media, or philanthropic agencies, HRM must abandon its restricted scope and mono-dimensional sources of inspiration. Originality/value – The authors not only point to the shortcomings of the dominant research orthodoxy within HRM, but the authors point to how HRM could become significantly more “centre-staged” by addressing the actors searching for contributions to the big questions of the world – the governments, media, and philanthropic agencies.

scholarly journals SOURCES OF INNOVATION ACTIVITY AS A FACTOR OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga BUCHINSKAIA ◽  
Elena STREMOUSOVA
Keyword(s):  
Decision Makers ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
New Industry ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – the purpose of the study is to define the sources and restrictions of new industry development based on the R&D -related factors of the countries studied; to show the conditions of inequality based on the existing infrastructure, which are obstacles for achieving an advantage in technology. Research methodology – the panel studies were conducted on four groups of countries divided by the level of GDP per capita. High technology exports and charges for the use of the intellectual property were used as dependent variables. Findings – as a result of the study, the factors that influenced the dependent variables in each of these groups of countries were identified. The differences in the significance of factors are shown. Research limitations – the limitations of the study are significant gaps in the time series for a number of countries. They make it impossible to use such data in the econometric model. Some indicators are taken into account relatively recently, which makes it impossible to consider long-term trends. Practical implications – the results of the research should help the country decision-makers optimize measures to develop domestic R&D and innovative production. Originality/Value – the originality of the research is the study of country sets grouped by the level of GDP per capita. The specifics of patents and trademarks influence on the innovative activity of countries with different income levels are determined.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF RECOGNITION-BASED REWARDS ON EMPLOYEES' EFFICIENCY AND EFFECTIVENESS

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shazia Khan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Inferential Test ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Motivating Factor ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose-The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy of recognition based rewards on employees' motivation to be efficient and effective on the job as compared to usual incentives particularly the monetary ones. The study is also aimed to identify the role of these rewards on employee retention as well as their long-term effectiveness within organization. Methodology-For the purpose of study a close ended questionnaire was used to infer the relation between supervisors' recognition (independent variable) and employees' performance, their desire to remain with the organization, and their long term effectiveness in within the organization etc. (dependent variables). Al-Karam Towel Industries (Pvt.) Ltd. Karachi was selected for the study whereat sample size of 100 employees was opted for. The effect of supervisory recognition on employees was examined using chi2 inferential test. Findings-Findings of the study showed significantly positive relationship between dependent and independent variables. Practical Implications-This research work is likely to help the organizations realize the worth of recognition as a motivating factor and may persuade them to shift their focus from financial incentives to recognition-based rewards. Findings of the study are also likely to add to the information to the managers that employees of all levels along the hierarchy are influences positively by supervisory recognition for their output and working contribution, and seniority of position is no more bar to it.

scholarly journals Indicators of COVID-19 status in a cohort study of university staff and post-graduate research students, including results from home antibody testing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrina A. S. Davis ◽  
Ewan Carr ◽  
Daniel Leightley ◽  
Valentina Vitiello ◽  
Gabriella Bergin-Cartwright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Research Students ◽  
Core Symptoms

AbstractBackgroundCohort studies of people with a history of COVID-19 infection and controls will be essential to understand the epidemiology of long-term effects. However, clinical diagnosis requires resources that are frequently restricted to the severely ill. Cohort studies may have to rely on surrogate indicators of COVID-19 illness. We describe the prevalence and overlap of five potential indicators: self-reported suspicion, self-reported core symptoms, symptom algorithm, self-reported routine test results, and home antibody testing.MethodsAn occupational cohort of staff and postgraduate students at a large London university who participated in surveys and antibody testing. Self-report items cover March to June 2020 and antibody test results from ‘lateral flow’ IgG/IgM antibody test cassettes sent to participants in June 2020.ResultsValid antibody test results were returned for 1882 participants. Of the COVID-19 indicators, the highest prevalence was core symptoms (770 participants positive, 41%), followed by participant suspicion of infection (n=509, 27%), a symptom algorithm (n=297, 16%), study antibody positive test (n=124, 6.6%) and self-report of a positive external test (n=39, 2.1%). Study antibody positive result was rare in people who had no suspicion they had experienced COVID-19 (n=4, 0.7%) or did not experience core symptoms (n=10, 1.6%). When study antibody test results were compared with earlier external antibody results in those who had reported them, the study antibody results agreed in 88% cases (kappa= 0.636), with a lower proportion testing positive on this occasion (proportion with antibodies detected 15% in study test vs 24% in external testing).DiscussionOur results demonstrate that there is some agreement between different COVID indicators, but that they a more complete story when used together. Antibody testing may provide greater certainty and be one of the only ways to detect asymptomatic cases, but is likely to under-ascertain due to weak antibody responses to mild infection, which wane over time. Cohort studies will need to review how they deal with different and sometimes conflicting indicators of COVID-19 illness in order to study the long-term outcomes of COVID-19 infection and related impacts.What is already known on this subject?Research into the effects of COVID-19 in the community is needed to respond to the pandemic. Objective testing has not been widely available and accuracy may not be high when carried out in retrospect. Many cohort studies are considering how best to measure COVID-19 infection status.What this study adds?Antibody testing is feasible, but it is possible that sensitivity may be poor. Each indicator included added different aspects to the ascertainment of COVID-19 exposure. Using combinations of self-reported and objectively measured variables, it may be possible to tailor COVID-19 indicators to the situation.

Space-exposed seed experiment developed for students

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 860-861
Author(s):  
Donna Leeper ◽  
Kelvin Bridgers ◽  
Ernest C. Hammond
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Abundant Supply ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
To Receive

The SEEDS project was flown in orbit aboard the Long Duration Exposure (LDEF) for nearly six years. During this time in space, the tomato seeds received an enormously abundant supply of cosmic radiation. Upon the return of the LDEF to earth, the SEEDS project was distributed throughout the United States and 30 foreign countries for analysis. The purpose of the experiment was to determine the long term effects of cosmic rays on living tissue. At Morgan, the analysis performed varied from germination and growth rates to electron microscopy and x ray analysis.In analyzing the seeds under the electron microscope, usual observations were performed on the nutritional and epidermic layers of the seed. These layers appeared to be more porous in the space-exposed seeds than in the Earth-based control seeds. This unusual characteristic may explain the increase in the space seeds’ growth pattern. (Several test results show that the space-exposed seeds germinate sooner than the Earth-based seeds. Also, the space exposed seeds are growing at a faster rate.) The porous nutritional region may allow the the seeds to receive necessary nutrients and liquids more readily. Thus, enabling the plant to grow at a much faster rate.

scholarly journals Reliability of the Indiana Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education (SNAP-Ed) Program Evaluation Survey (P04-074-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Rivera ◽  
McKenna Deckard ◽  
Dennis Savaiano ◽  
Krystal Lynch ◽  
Melissa Maulding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Assistance Program ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Nutrition Assistance ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Abstract Objectives Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education (SNAP-Ed) is a national program that delivers nutrition education to low-income households to improve nutrition-related behaviors. A pre-post survey, or Medium Term Survey (MTS), is used to determine participant behavior change as a result of the program. The objective of the present study was to determine the short-term (4–10 weeks) and long-term (1 year) reliability of the Indiana SNAP-Ed MTS. Methods Data for this secondary analysis was from a randomized controlled trial evaluation of Indiana SNAP-Ed. SNAP-Ed-eligible adults (≥18 yrs) living in Indiana and interested in receiving nutrition education were recruited from 2015–2016 (N = 261). Short-term and long-term test-retest reliability of the 17 pre- and post-test items on the Indiana SNAP-Ed MTS were determined using Spearman correlations. MTS pre-test results from the control group who did not receive SNAP-Ed were compared with post-test results collected 4–10 weeks (short-term) later and 1 year (long-term) later, respectively. Analyses were completed using SAS 9.4. Significance was P ≤ 0.05. Results The Indiana SNAP-Ed MTS demonstrated poor test-retest reliability with correlation coefficients of 0.4 to 0.6 for 15 items over the short-term (P < 0.05) and correlation coefficients of 0.3 to 0.7 for 11 items over the long-term study period (P < 0.05) among Indiana SNAP-Ed-eligible adults who did not receive the SNAP-Ed intervention (n = 62). Conclusions Among Indiana SNAP-Ed-eligible adults, the Indiana SNAP-Ed MTS is not a reliable survey instrument to assess nutrition-related behaviors over a short-term or long-term time period. Further research is needed to develop reliable survey items to conduct program evaluation. Funding Sources This activity was funded by the Purdue Office of Undergraduate Research Scholarship, the Purdue Nutrition Education Program, and a USDA NIFA Hatch Project.

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