scholarly journals Evaluating Soil Nutrient Regime for Black Spruce in the Ontario Claybelt by Fertilization

1988 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. R. Timmer ◽  
P. N. Ray
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Fertilizer Response ◽  
Nutrient Regime

Fertilization screening trials testing a standard NPK application were conducted in 29 mature black spruce stands growing on diverse Claybelt sites. The objective was to evaluate several methods of predicting soil nutrient regime, and validate a nutrient-related ordination axis of the regional Forest Ecosystem Classification (FEC) system. Diagnosis by vector analysis of current needle responses in dry weight and macronutrient concentration and content suggested that of all nutrients added N was most limiting for black spruce growth. Potential fertilizer response was measured by the change in unit needle N uptake (content) occurring in the first season after treatment. Significant increases (as high as 63% over the control) were detected in about half the trials suggesting that the stands were established on sites varying in soil fertility. Foliar N response was subsequently correlated against more rapid predictors of site productivity such as stand growth parameters site index, stem analysis, and chemical analysis of unfertilized soil and foliage. Of these only measures of fall-sampled, current needle N content correlated adequately (r = −0.72) with potential fertilizer response. This response factor was also significantly correlated (r = 0.71) with the coordinate values of the FEC-ordination diagram indicative of site nutrient regime, supporting evidence that the axis reflects a continuum of soil N availability. Key words: Nitrogen, foliar analysis, response prediction, site evaluation, forest fertilization, Picea mariana

scholarly journals Genotypic Difference in the Responses to Nitrogen Fertilizer Form in Tibetan Wild and Cultivated Barley

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 595
Author(s):  
Shama Naz ◽  
Qiufang Shen ◽  
Jonas Lwalaba Wa Lwalaba ◽  
Guoping Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Wild Barley ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Genotypic Difference ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Tibetan Wild Barley ◽  
Cultivated Barley

Nitrogen (N) availability and form have a dramatic effect on N uptake and assimilation in plants, affecting growth and development. In the previous studies, we found great differences in low-N tolerance between Tibetan wild barley accessions and cultivated barley varieties. We hypothesized that there are different responses to N forms between the two kinds of barleys. Accordingly, this study was carried out to determine the response of four barley genotypes (two wild, XZ16 and XZ179; and two cultivated, ZD9 andHua30) under 4Nforms (NO3−, NH4+, urea and glycine). The results showed significant reduction in growth parameters such as root/shoot length and biomass, as well as photosynthesis parameters and total soluble protein content under glycine treatment relative to other N treatments, for both wild and cultivated barley, however, XZ179 was least affected. Similarly, ammonium adversely affected growth parameters in both wild and cultivated barleys, with XZ179 being severely affected. On the other hand, both wild and cultivated genotypes showed higher biomass, net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll and protein in NO3− treatment relative to other three N treatments. It may be concluded that barley undisputedly grows well under inorganic nitrogen (NO3−), however in response to the organic N wild barley prefer glycine more than cultivated barely.

scholarly journals Low Soil Nutrient Tolerance and Mineral Fertilizer Response in White Guinea Yam (Dioscorea rotundata) Genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryo Matsumoto ◽  
Haruki Ishikawa ◽  
Asrat Asfaw ◽  
Robert Asiedu
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Fertilizer Response ◽  
Guinea Yam

Yam (Dioscorea spp.) is a major food security crop for millions of resource-poor farmers, particularly in West Africa. Soil mineral deficiency is the main challenge in yam production, especially with the dwindling of fallow lands for the indigenous nutrient supply. Cultivars tolerant to available low soil nutrients and responsive to added nutrient supply are viable components of an integrated soil fertility management strategy for sustainable and productive yam farming systems in West Africa. This study’s objective was to identify white Guinea yam (D. rotundata) genotypes adapted to available low soil nutrients and responsive to externally added nutrient supply. Twenty advanced breeding lines and a local variety (Amula) were evaluated under contrasting soil fertility, low to expose the crop to available low soil nutrient supply and high to assess the crop response to added mineral fertilizer (NPK) input at Ibadan, Nigeria. The genotypes expressed differential yield response to low soil fertility (LF) stress and added fertilizer input. Soil fertility susceptibility index (SFSI) ranged from 0.64 to 1.34 for tuber yield and 0.60 to 1.30 for shoot dry weight. The genotypes R034, R041, R050, R052, R060, R100, and R125 combined lower SFSI with a low rate of reduction in tuber yield were identified as tolerant to LF stress related to the soil mineral deficiency. Likewise, the genotypes R109, R119, and R131 showed high susceptibility to soil fertility level and/or fertilizer response. Genotypes R025 and R034 had the tuber yielding potential twice of that the local variety under low soil nutrient conditions. Shoot dry weight and tuber yield showed a positive correlation both under low and high soil fertility conditions (r = 0.69 and 0.75, respectively), indicating the vigor biomass may be a morphological marker for selecting genotypes of white Guinea yam for higher tuber yield. Our results highlight genotypic variation in the tolerance to low soil nutrients and mineral fertilizer response in white Guinea yam to exploit through breeding and genetic studies to develop improved genotypes for low and high input production systems in West Africa.

scholarly journals Nitrate Uptake and Transport Properties of Two Grapevine Rootstocks With Varying Vigor

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Landry Rossdeutsch ◽  
R. Paul Schreiner ◽  
Patricia A. Skinkis ◽  
Laurent Deluc
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Uptake ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Nitrate Assimilation ◽  
Pinot Noir ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Uptake And Transport

In viticulture, rootstocks are essential to cope with edaphic constraints. They can also be used to modulate scion growth and development to help improve berry yield and quality. The rootstock contribution to scion growth is not fully understood. Since nitrogen (N) is a significant driver of grapevine growth, rootstock properties associated with N uptake and transport may play a key role in the growth potential of grafted grapevines. We evaluated N uptake and transport in a potted system using two grapevines rootstocks [Riparia Gloire (RG) and 1103 Paulsen (1103P)] grafted to Pinot noir (Pommard clone) scion. Combining results of nitrate induction and steady-state experiments at two N availability levels, we observed different responses in the uptake and utilization of N between the two rootstocks. The low vigor rootstock (RG) exhibited greater nitrate uptake capacity and nitrate assimilation in roots after nitrate resupply than the more vigorous 1103P rootstock. This behavior may be attributed to a greater root carbohydrate status observed in RG for both experiments. However, 1103P demonstrated a higher N translocation rate to shoots regardless of N availability. These distinct rootstock behaviors resulted in significant differences in biomass allocation between roots and shoots under N-limited conditions, although the overall vine biomass was not different. Under sufficient N supply, differences between rootstocks decreased but 1103P stored more N in roots, which may benefit growth in subsequent growing seasons. Overall, greater transpiration of vines grafted to 1103P rootstock causing higher N translocation to shoots could partially explain its known growth-promoting effect to scions under low and high N availability, whereas the low vigor typically conferred to scions by RG may result from the combination of lower N translocation to shoots and a greater allocation of biomass toward roots when N is low.

Fertilizer response of barley silage in southern and central Alberta

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. McKenzie ◽  
A. B. Middleton ◽  
J. DeMulder ◽  
E. Bremer
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Efficiency ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Fertilizer Response ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Soil N Uptake ◽  
Barley Silage ◽  
N Demand

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) silage is the foundation for cattle production on the Canadian prairies, but few studies have evaluated fertilizer requirements for the range of cultivars, soil types and environmental conditions in which it is grown. The objectives of this study were (1) to determine optimum N fertilizer rates for a range of barley cultivars when used for silage in southern and central Alberta and (2) to determine the frequency and impact of P, K and S deficiencies. Thirty-two field experiments were conducted from 1994 to 1996; 20 in southern Alberta under irrigated (8) or dryland (12) conditions and 12 in central Alberta under dryland conditions. Two semi-dwarf (CDC Earl, Tukwa) and three conventional (AC Lacombe, Leduc and Seebe) cultivars were tested. Fertilizer treatments included six rates of N (0 to 200 kg ha-1) and one rate each of P (13 kg ha-1), K (50 kg ha-1) and S (20 or 30 kg ha-1), compared to an appropriate unfertilized control. Optimum rates of N fertilizer ranged from 0 to 172 kg N ha-1. Irrigated sites had the highest N demand but the lowest economic optimum rate of N fertilizer (NFopt) due to high fertilizer N efficiency and high soil N availability. Dryland sites in southern Alberta had a lower N demand than irrigated sites, but NFopt was higher due to lower soil N availability. Sites in central Alberta had the least demand for N, but NFopt was similar to irrigated sites due to low N fertilizer efficiency. Nitrogen fertilizer efficiency frequently exceeded 80% in southern Alberta, particularly under irrigation. Soil N uptake increased with optimum barley yield, indicating that factors that increased crop growth also increased net mineralization and/or efficiency of soil N uptake. A good fit of NFopt was obtained in southern Alberta based on spring soil NO3-N levels and optimum yield. The best estimate of NFopt in central Alberta was the mean due to the lack of a relationship between soil N uptake and spring soil NO3-N. Barley response to P fertilizer was greatest in central Alberta and least in southern Alberta under irrigation. Few responses to K or S fertilizer were observed due to the generally adequate levels of these nutrients in Alberta soils. Fiber concentrations were not strongly affected by fertilizer treatment, while protein concentrations varied with the availability of N relative to demand. Improvements in prediction of fertilizer response for barley silage require better predictors of N fertilizer efficiency and soil N uptake, particularly in central Alberta. Key words: Hordeum vulgare, nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency, protein, fiber

Superior growth potential in trees: What is its basis, and can it be tested for at an early age?

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Pharis ◽  
F. C. Yeh ◽  
Bruce P. Dancik
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Hybrid Vigour ◽  
Slow Growing

Inherently rapid growth in black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) and radiata pine (Pinusradiata D. Don) could be characterised at a relatively early age (e.g., 3–6 months from germination) by growing progeny of family crosses in near-optimal phytotron or glasshouse environmental conditions. This observation was retrospective in nature, in that the studies of very early performance utilized stored seed from families that had been already tested to age 10+ years in field progeny trials. The very early traits that show the most significant family correlation with the field performance (height or stem volume) are total height, height growth, stem volume, or stem dry weight. The possibility that inherently rapid growth in trees may be causally related to concentration of endogenous plant hormones of the gibberellin class is discussed in relation to the recent finding (S.B. Rood, R.I. Buzzell, L.N. Mander, D. Pearce, and R.P. Pharis. 1988. Science (Washington, D.C.), 241: 1216–1218.) that heterotic growth (hybrid vigour) in maize was strongly related to the concentration of gibberellin A1 (a shoot growth effector in maize) and gibberellin A19 (a precursor to gibberellin A1). Preliminary evidence, based on analysis of hybrid and parental poplar tissue, and on the positive and significant growth response of black spruce slow-growing families (but not fast-growing families) to applied gibberellin (A4/7 mixture), supports the possibility that rapid-growing conifer families may have near-optimal (high) concentrations of endogenous gibberellins, and conversely, that some slow-growing families, at least, may have lower endogenous gibberellin concentrations.

Site-specific growth and nutrition of planted Piceamariana in the Ontario Clay Belt.: I. Early performance

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Munson ◽  
V. R. Timmer
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Total N ◽  
Early Performance ◽  
Regional Forest ◽  
Forest Humus

Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P. (black spruce) seedlings were outplanted in three black spruce dominated ecosystems (operational groups of the regional Forest Ecosystem Classification system) of the Clay Belt and also planted in pots of intact forest humus substrates from these sites to investigate response to site nutrient condition, to diagnose limiting nutrients, and to test the effectiveness of a bioassay relative to field results. Over two seasons, growth was consistently superior on upland Feathermoss substrates, intermediate on Alnus–Herb poor substrates, and poorest on Ledum substrates, in both field and pot experiments. The inferior performance of seedlings on lowland sites was related by plant analysis to low N uptake on sphagnum-dominated substrates. Vector analysis of shoot nutrient concentration, content, and dry mass allowed simultaneous comparison of the nutrient status of seedlings outplanted on the three sites. Lower total N and higher C:N ratio in forest humus substrates on the Alnus and Ledum sites suggested that N availability may be low. The pot experiment demonstrated close correspondence with field results in the first season, indicating that a bioassay may be most useful for assessing short-term response and diagnosing nutritional factors affecting early performance.

Effect of rhizobacteria strains on the induction of resistance in barley genotypes against Cochliobolus sativus

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Adam
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cochliobolus Sativus ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Barley Genotypes

SummaryEnhancement of the resistance level in plants by rhizobacteria has been proven in several pathosystems. This study investigated the ability of four rhizobacteria strains (Pseudomonas putida BTP1 and Bacillus subtilis Bs2500, Bs2504 and Bs2508) to promote the growth in three barley genotypes and protect them against Cochliobolus sativus. Our results demonstrated that all tested rhizobacteria strains had a protective effect on barley genotypes Arabi Abiad, Banteng and WI2291. However, P. putida BTP1 and B. subtilis Bs2508 strains were the most effective as they reduced disease incidence by 53 and 38% (mean effect), respectively. On the other hand, there were significant differences among the rhizobacteria-treated genotypes on plant growth parameters, such as wet weight, dry weight, plant height and number of leaves. Pseudomonas putida BTP1 strain was the most effective as it significantly increased plant growth by 15-32%. In addition, the susceptible genotypes Arabi Abiad and WI2291 were the most responsive to rhizobacteria. This means that these genotypes have a high potential for increase of their resistance against the pathogen and enhancement of plant growth after the application of rhizobacteria. Consequently, barley seed treatment with the tested rhizobacteria could be considered as an effective biocontrol method against C. sativus.

scholarly journals Development of an Online Tool for Tracking Soil Nitrogen to Improve the Environmental Performance of Maize Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5649
Author(s):  
Giovani Preza-Fontes ◽  
Junming Wang ◽  
Muhammad Umar ◽  
Meilan Qi ◽  
Kamaljit Banger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Soil N ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Online Tool ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Soil N Availability

Freshwater nitrogen (N) pollution is a significant sustainability concern in agriculture. In the U.S. Midwest, large precipitation events during winter and spring are a major driver of N losses. Uncertainty about the fate of applied N early in the growing season can prompt farmers to make additional N applications, increasing the risk of environmental N losses. New tools are needed to provide real-time estimates of soil inorganic N status for corn (Zea mays L.) production, especially considering projected increases in precipitation and N losses due to climate change. In this study, we describe the initial stages of developing an online tool for tracking soil N, which included, (i) implementing a network of field trials to monitor changes in soil N concentration during the winter and early growing season, (ii) calibrating and validating a process-based model for soil and crop N cycling, and (iii) developing a user-friendly and publicly available online decision support tool that could potentially assist N fertilizer management. The online tool can estimate real-time soil N availability by simulating corn growth, crop N uptake, soil organic matter mineralization, and N losses from assimilated soil data (from USDA gSSURGO soil database), hourly weather data (from National Weather Service Real-Time Mesoscale Analysis), and user-entered crop management information that is readily available for farmers. The assimilated data have a resolution of 2.5 km. Given limitations in prediction accuracy, however, we acknowledge that further work is needed to improve model performance, which is also critical for enabling adoption by potential users, such as agricultural producers, fertilizer industry, and researchers. We discuss the strengths and limitations of attempting to provide rapid and cost-effective estimates of soil N availability to support in-season N management decisions, specifically related to the need for supplemental N application. If barriers to adoption are overcome to facilitate broader use by farmers, such tools could balance the need for ensuring sufficient soil N supply while decreasing the risk of N losses, and helping increase N use efficiency, reduce pollution, and increase profits.

scholarly journals Growth and Antioxidant Responses in Iron-Biofortified Lentil under Cadmium Stress

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Ruchi Bansal ◽  
Swati Priya ◽  
Harsh Kumar Dikshit ◽  
Sherry Rachel Jacob ◽  
Mahesh Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Cd Tolerance ◽  
Controlled Conditions

Cadmium (Cd) is a hazardous heavy metal, toxic to our ecosystem even at low concentrations. Cd stress negatively affects plant growth and development by triggering oxidative stress. Limited information is available on the role of iron (Fe) in ameliorating Cd stress tolerance in legumes. This study assessed the effect of Cd stress in two lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) varieties differing in seed Fe concentration (L4717 (Fe-biofortified) and JL3) under controlled conditions. Six biochemical traits, five growth parameters, and Cd uptake were recorded at the seedling stage (21 days after sowing) in the studied genotypes grown under controlled conditions at two levels (100 μM and 200 μM) of cadmium chloride (CdCl2). The studied traits revealed significant genotype, treatment, and genotype × treatment interactions. Cd-induced oxidative damage led to the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde in both genotypes. JL3 accumulated 77.1% more H2O2 and 75% more lipid peroxidation products than L4717 at the high Cd level. Antioxidant enzyme activities increased in response to Cd stress, with significant genotype, treatment, and genotype × treatment interactions (p < 0.01). L4717 had remarkably higher catalase (40.5%), peroxidase (43.9%), superoxide dismutase (31.7%), and glutathione reductase (47.3%) activities than JL3 under high Cd conditions. In addition, L4717 sustained better growth in terms of fresh weight and dry weight than JL3 under stress. JL3 exhibited high Cd uptake (14.87 mg g−1 fresh weight) compared to L4717 (7.32 mg g−1 fresh weight). The study concluded that the Fe-biofortified lentil genotype L4717 exhibited Cd tolerance by inciting an efficient antioxidative response to Cd toxicity. Further studies are required to elucidate the possibility of seed Fe content as a surrogacy trait for Cd tolerance.

scholarly journals Phytoextraction of Lead Using a Hedge Plant [Alternanthera bettzickiana (Regel) G. Nicholson]: Physiological and Biochemical Alterations through Bioresource Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5074
Author(s):  
Urooj Kanwal ◽  
Muhammad Ibrahim ◽  
Farhat Abbas ◽  
Muhammad Yamin ◽  
Fariha Jabeen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Citric Acid Concentration ◽  
Biochemical Alterations ◽  
Biomass Plant ◽  
Environmentally Friendly Approach ◽  
Pb Concentration

Phytoremediation is a cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach that can be used for the remediation of metals in polluted soil. This study used a hedge plant–calico (Alternanthera bettzickiana (Regel) G. Nicholson) to determine the role of citric acid in lead (Pb) phytoremediation by exposing it to different concentrations of Pb (0, 200, 500, and 1000 mg kg−1) as well as in a combination with citric acid concentration (0, 250, 500 µM). The analysis of variance was applied on results for significant effects of the independent variables on the dependent variables using SPSS (ver10). According to the results, maximum Pb concentration was measured in the upper parts of the plant. An increase in dry weight biomass, plant growth parameters, and photosynthetic contents was observed with the increase of Pb application (200 mg kg−1) in soil while a reduced growth was experienced at higher Pb concentration (1000 mg kg−1). The antioxidant enzymatic activities like superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) were enhanced under lower Pb concentration (200, 500 mg kg−1), whereas the reduction occurred at greater metal concentration Pb (1000 mg kg−1). There was a usual reduction in electrolyte leakage (EL) at lower Pb concentration (200, 500 mg kg−1), whereas EL increased at maximum Pb concentration (1000 mg kg−1). We concluded that this hedge plant, A. Bettzickiana, has the greater ability to remediate polluted soils aided with citric acid application.

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