scholarly journals Mongolian-Chinese Exchanges in History Studies during the Socialist Period: Mutual Understanding and Divergence (the 1950s)

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (112) ◽  
pp. 108-122
Author(s):  
Bu He
Keyword(s):  
Historical Materialism ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Chinese Scholars ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Material Exchange

This paper studies the attempts of the MPR and the PRC to promote historical exchanges in the 1950s based on their shared ideology of proletarian internationalism and historical materialism. Specifically, this research analyzes the initial historical exchanges between the two countries in the form of material exchange in the early 1950s, and further discusses about the cooperation between Soviet, Mongolian and Chinese scholars to compile a three-volume Mongolian history in the second half of the 1950s, which pushed the Mongolian-Chinese historical exchanges to a new level. Meanwhile, the research also takes into account the influence of Sino-Soviet relations and historical differences between Mongolia and China on their historical exchanges, especially the cooperation in compiling three-volume Mongolian history. Archival documents in Mongolian and Chinese languages preserved in Mongolia are used as the main research materials for this paper.   Социализмын үеийн Монгол, Хятадын түүх судлалын харилцаа: Ойлголцол ба зөрчил (1950-иад он) Хураангуй: Энэхүү өгүүлэлд БНМАУ, БНХАУ-ын хооронд дипломат харилцаа тогтоосны дараах 10 орчим жилийн хугацаанд хоёр улс социалист орнуудын хувиар түүхэн материализмын онол хийгээд пролетарийн интернационализмын зарчмыг үзэл баримтлал болгосон ойлголцлын үндсэн дээр хамтран түүх судлалыг хөгжүүлэх гэсэн оролдлогын тухайд тусгайлан өгүүлэх болно. Чингэхдээ, 1950-иад оны эхэн хагаст материал солилцох байдлаар түүх судлалын харилцааг эхлүүлснийг тодруулан, улмаар 1950-иад оны хоёрдугаар хагаст “БНМАУ-ын түүхийн гурван боть”-ийг Монгол, Хятад, Зөвлөлтийн эрдэмтэд хамтран бичих төлөвлөгөөний хүрээнд Монгол-Хятадын түүх судлалын харилцаа эрчимжсэн ч тухайн цагийн олон улсын харилцааны нөхцөл байдал хийгээд хоёр талын түүхэн ойлголтын талаарх зарчмын зөрөө нь энэхүү харилцааг хөгжүүлэх явцад хэрхэн сорилт болж байсан, тэрхүү сорилтыг даван туулах гэсэн эрмэлзлэлийн тухайд архивын баримтуудад голлон тулгуурлаж, задлан шинжлэл хийсэн болно. Түлхүүр үгс: БНМАУ, БНХАУ, түүх судлалын солилцоо, БНМАУ-ын түүхийн гурван боть, түүхэн материализм, социалист лагер

scholarly journals THE PROBLEM OF REFORMING THE ARMENIAN VILAYETS OF TURKEY IN THE POLITICS OF THE LEADING POWERS IN 1908-1914

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
K. R. Ambartsumyan
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
South Caucasus ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Territorial Conflicts ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Historical Past

The current problem of the South Caucasus and Russian-Turkish interaction requires constantly to look back to the historical past, where the roots of all Caucasian ethno-territorial conflicts lie. In this regard, the problem of reforming the Armenian vilayets of the Ottoman Empire is urgent for modern international relations. Neither the genocide, nor the current difficulties of the Armenian-Turkish relations can be adequately considered without studying the situation around Armenia at the beginning of the 20th century.Above all, the author examines the problem of reforming the Armenian regions of the Ottoman Empire, taking into account the interests of the leading powers and is placed in the context of the pre-war peace and bloc confrontation. The main research approach of the study is neorealism, which makes the basis of international relations not only states with their interests, but also alliances of states. In addition to the published musical correspondence of Russian diplomats, the work uses sources of personal origin: the memoirs of S. D. Sazonov - the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Empire, the memoirs of the American Ambassador G. Morgenthau, the diary of the Dutch inspector Louis Konstan Westenenk, archival documents with A. Mandelstam's report on reform projects were introduced into scientific circulation. The study released that the most persistent and consistent position on the reforms of the Armenian vilayets was taken by Russia, which sought to secure the Caucasus, adjacent to Turkey. Refugees were striving from the vilayets to the Russian part of Armenia, therefore, calming down the Armenian population in the Turkish part would contribute to stability in the Caucasian outskirts. However, there was no unanimity in the Entente on the Armenian issue, the outbreak of the First World War prevented the implementation of the project prepared on the eve of the war, as a result, everything turned into genocide for the Armenian people.

Coda

2020 ◽  
pp. 257-264
Author(s):  
Beryl Pong
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Historical Materialism ◽  
War Literature ◽  
Nuclear Technology ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Second World

The coda briefly recapitulates the central concerns of this book by discussing Second World Wartime in relation to the 1950s and 1960s. Drawing from Ernst Bloch’s conception of time as a river, and Walter Benjamin’s theory of historical materialism, it discusses why post-war literature and culture looked back to the wartime period through the trope of unexploded bombs, which functioned as mnemonic time capsules. It ends by considering Second World Wartime’s broader relationship to the later chronophobia of the Cold War, when advancements in nuclear technology created a newly fraught relationship between anticipation and retrospection.

The Study of Cold War International History in China: A Review of the Last Twenty Years

2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yafeng Xia
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Main Research ◽  
East European ◽  
International History ◽  
The Past ◽  
Chinese Scholars ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Cold War History

The study of Cold War international history in China has made major strides in the past two decades. By using newly available Chinese sources, augmented by sources from American, British, Russian, and East European archives, Chinese scholars have produced important works on Cold War history. As the latest publications in China show, Chinese scholars have been gradually adopting a more evenhanded approach in their writings about the Cold War. They have also expanded international cooperation by conducting joint research projects and engaging in meaningful academic dialogues with foreign scholars. This article offers a review of the field, including a survey of new Chinese sources, the leading Chinese scholars, and their main research interests and contributions. The article also points out the challenges, obstacles, and opportunities of the field in China.

scholarly journals Personal Files and Personal Provenance Fonds of Philologists Studying Foreign Literature in the Archives of the Perm Krai: Continuity and Innovation

2020 ◽  
pp. 940-949
Author(s):  
Irina A. Novokreshchennykh ◽  
◽  
Victor V. Novokreshchennykh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World Literature ◽  
Research University ◽  
Foreign Literature ◽  
Language And Literature ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Perm State National Research ◽  
Perm Krai ◽  
Cultural Layers ◽  
Source Study ◽  
The 1950S

The relevance of the study is due to the interest of the humanities in the study of the processes of formation and development of foreign philology as a field of scientific and educational activities in the Perm University, since its foundation in 1916. In the Perm archives we study personal files and personal provenance fonds of philologists and historians affiliated with the Perm State National Research University (PGNIU), whose field of interests is foreign literature and language, as well as other archival documents. Research methods are source study and archival methods, methods of philological analysis. Personal files of the Perm philologists of the first third of the last century A. A. Smirnov, B. A. Krzhevsky, B. L. Bogaevsky, N. P. Obnorsky, A. F. Shamray, E. O. Preobrazhenskaya, who taught language and literature or even history and language (V.V. Weidle, N.P. Ottokar, V.E. Krusman) contain documents related not only to their professional pedagogical activity, but also documents on their scientific interests, everyday and family life, places of residence, reflecting the realities of time and representing the era in Perm. Personal files of the staff of the Department of Foreign Literature (since 1999 – the Department of World Literature and Culture) A. A. Belsky, R. F. Yashenkina, N. S. Leites, E. P. Khanzhina, A. F. Lyubimova, G. S. Rutskoi, who worked there in the 1950s-2010s, have not yet undergone evaluation and remain in the departmental storage. The personal provenance fonds of philologists B. M. Proskurnin and N. S. Bochkareva, containing a large amount of hand- and typewritten documents, can be considered not only as archival sources, but also within the framework of philological discourse as a post-modern text created as a game of different texts that refer to different cultural layers, languages, realities. Documents of the personal fond, reflecting the methods of scientist’s work with literature, play a pedagogical role in the formation of the competencies of a university graduate. Today, archives need to create personal provenance fonds and collections of philologists who worked in the 1950s and later, via interaction with the scientists themselves or their relatives.

scholarly journals CURRENT DIRECTIONS OF PROBLEM RESEARCH RELATIONS BETWEEN THE STATES OF THE USSR, POLAND AND GERMANY IN THE 1930TH. TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE NEW DOCUMENTARY BASE

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (14) ◽  
pp. 243-247
Author(s):  
Natal'ya Savchuk ◽  
Maksim Velichko ◽  
Roman Istratov
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
International Politics ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
World War ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Archival Documents

The article deals with the events of international politics in Europe in the 1930th. The article analyzes the position of the States of the USSR, Poland and Germany on the issues of conclud-ing non-aggression treaties on the eve of world war II. The research is based on the analysis of pub-lished secret materials of Russian archives. It is concluded that in the modern period, in order to pre-serve historical memory, strengthen cooperation and mutual understanding between peoples, it is nec-essary to further publish archival documents of all States, discuss controversial issues, and avoid ideological stereotypes.

scholarly journals Forgotten acquaintance of Maksym Rylskyi: Valia Mykhalchuk (from comments on writer’s letters)

2020 ◽  
pp. 62-74
Author(s):  
Bohdan Tsymbal
Keyword(s):  
Political Information ◽  
Political Repression ◽  
Memory Errors ◽  
Biographical Information ◽  
Social Circle ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
High Level ◽  
Made In

The article addresses some issues within comments on Maxym Rylskyi’s epistolary heritage. Based on the analysis of the preserved correspondence between the writer and Yaroslav Vitoshynskyi in the 1950s—1960s, in comparison with the discovered archival documents, an assumption was made that there were inaccuracies in the comments on Maksym Rylskyi’s published correspondence. According to the author of the paper, the letters don’t tell about Valentyn Mykhalchuk, some person that remains thoroughly unidentified, but about composer Valerian Mykhalchuk who became a victim of political repression in 1937. The biographical information of the possible mutual acquaintance of both correspondents is taken from his investigative case. Given the possible high level of inaccuracy in this type of sources, since the arrestees used to give deliberately false testimonies under pressure, thus incriminating themselves and others, only non-political information was included in the analysis. An important source was the retained materials of the retrial, including the characteristics of people who knew Valerian Mykhalchuk personally. It’s true that such documents may also contain memory errors due to their diachronic nature in relation to the events described, so they should not be trusted unconditionally. The proposed hypothesis requires further validation, which, if confirmed, not only corrects the error made in the comments to Rylskyi’s published correspondence but also broadens the knowledge about the writer’s social circle in the 1920s and 1930s. In addition, the paper indicates the incorrect dating of Maksym Rylskyi’s poem “The ‘Brothers’ Liberator’ is going on…”

scholarly journals RELIGIOSITY OF TRANS-BAIKAL BURYATS IN THE CONDITIONS OF ANTIRELIGIOUS POLICY OF THE SOVIET STATE IN THE 1950s - EARLY 1960s

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-99
Author(s):  
E.V. Drobotushenko
Keyword(s):  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
Religious Buildings ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Religious Associations ◽  
Region Data ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Council Of Ministers

In the article, on the basis of archival documents, the features of official, institutionalized religiosity of Transbaikal Buryats in the second half of the 1950s - early 1960s are characterized. The author says that at present the problem stated in the title of the article is practically not studied. Transbaikalia at the time in question is the territory of two subjects of the RSFSR, the Buryat-Mongolian (Buryat) Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and the Chita region. Data on the religiosity of the population of Transbaikalia, in the period under review, can be obtained mainly from the reports of the authorized Councils for religious cults and the affairs of the Russian Orthodox Church, and since 1965, the Council for religious affairs under the Council of Ministers of the USSR. The degree of religiosity of society can be assessed by two components: institutionalized one - officially registered religious institutions, such as religious associations, priests and existing buildings of religious purpose, and non-institutionalized one, i.e. unofficial religious structures. Markers of the measurement of the religious component are: the number of registered religious associations, buildings of religious purpose, priests, their territorial location, the number of registered believers-parishioners, the amounts received from different sources for the needs of religious associations, sacred places, pilgrimages, etc. For the Buryat population of Transbaikalia, religiosity was manifested, for the most part, in the Northern branch of Buddhism - Lamaism. It is noted that, despite the serious antireligious orientation of the Soviet government, the Buryat population largely remained religious. There were registered religious associations, religious buildings, there was a significant number of parishioners.

scholarly journals The activity of singer Zoja Ghajdaj as a member of the jury of vocal competitions

2021 ◽  
pp. 173-178
Author(s):  
Olena Katsalap
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
World Music ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Opera Singers ◽  
The Cold War

The purpose of the article is to study one of the important areas of professional activity of Ukrainian singer Z. Ghajdaj – the work as a member of the jury of vocal competitions in the second half of the 1950s – early 1960s. In the field of this scientific problem, to show the importance of these creative projects in European and world dimensions, the specifics and the conditions of their implementation, the peculiarities of involving famous performers in the work of the jury, the originality of Z. Ghajdaj's creative approaches in promoting the professional development of Soviet opera singers. The methodology consists in the application of the source study method for the analysis of archival documents, which contain reliable information on the involvement and work of Z. Ghajdaj in the jury of vocal competitions, and other scientific materials on the research topic, specifically historical – to study socio-political conditions that influenced the possibilities and motivation for holding vocal competitions and attracting Soviet vocalists to participate in them, bio-bibliographic – to determine the place of this direction of the singer's activity in her creative biography, general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, generalization) – in order to thoroughly study the problem and form a reasoned conclusion. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the expansion of information about the specifics of involvement and professional activity of Z. Ghajdaj as a member of the jury of vocal competitions, the holding of which intensified during the Khrushchev «Thaw» of the second half of the 1950s – early 1960s. Together with the opportunity to work in the jury, the singer received more opportunities to apply her many years of performing experience in the process of competitive listening to Soviet singers, evaluating and determining the best of them. Conclusions. The analysis of Z. Ghajdaj's creative activity as a member of the jury of vocal competitions made it possible to identify the level of these competitions in the world music space and the circumstances of their holding in the conditions of the «Cold War» and Khrushchev «Thaw» of the second half of the 1950s – early 1960s, their role in the formation of the creative career of the participants, the degree of involvement of the singer in this artistic work and her contribution to the professional development of Soviet opera singers.

The Institute of Philosophy in Communist Romania Under the Regime of Gheorghiu-Dej, 1949-65

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 161-186
Author(s):  
Cristian Vasile ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Institutional History ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Main Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Post War ◽  
Philosophical Writings

This paper examines some aspects of the institutional history of post-war Romanian philosophy, with a special focus on the Institute of Philosophy of the Academy of People’s Republic of Romania. The aim of this article is to shed more light on the main aspects of philosophical research during cultural Stalinism, and to underline the inflexion points within Romanian “philosophical” writings between 1948 and 1965. I examined the lack of human resources and its impact on the emergence of Marxist-Leninist philosophy, as well as the main research topics studied at the Philosophy Section of the Institute of History and Philosophy and Institute of Philosophy especially in the 1950s. I focused also on the context of unmasking and purging of the “philosophical” front mainly in late 1950s, underlining the Agitprop fight against Revisionism and “bourgeois” influence in social sciences. The avatars of the philosophical field are analysed through the lens of professor’s Constantin Ionescu Gulian’s destiny as an important manager of the institutions producing philosophy during the aforementioned period.

scholarly journals The Komsomol of Mordovia held festivals of youth and students in the second half of the 1950s.

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-173
Author(s):  
Ekaterina A. Averyanova
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
World Federation ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
Cultural Events ◽  
Cultural Behavior ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The World ◽  
The 1950S

Introduction. Festival forms of socio-cultural behavior, as an algorithm for displaying agitation, educational, and entertainment functions during mass events, have recently become the object of study. The need for scientific generalization creates an environment of mutual understanding to strengthen intercultural dialogue, have highlighted the attention to historical experience of such cross-cultural events, for analysis of strategies and mechanisms of translation of information and forms of behavior to create understanding in society and among the participants, promoting a positive image of the country. The subject of the study was the methods of youth mobilization used by the Komsomol in the Mordovian ASSR, during the VI (Moscow, July 28 – August 11, 1957; 3,400 participants; 131 countries; the motto “For peace and friendship”) and VII (Austria, Vienna; 18,000 participants; 112 countries; motto “For peace, friendship and peaceful coexistence”) of the World youth and student festivals (WFMS). Materials and Methods. Materials from the archives of the Republic of Mordovia, statistical data, as well as scientific literature were used to solve the research tasks. The research was conducted on the principle of historicism, objectivity and consistency. The statistical method was used for data processing. Results. Based on the study of archival sources and available scientific literature were the main problems of the festival movement, as well as the participation of Mordovia Komsomol festivals of youth and students in the second half of 1950-ies. Against the background of increasing participation of the Komsomol in the festival movement, the processes of self-organization and innovative activity of Komsomol organizations in conducting youth policy are shown. Discussion and Conclusion. As you know, such festivals have been held since 1947. They are organized by the world Federation of democratic youth (WFDY) and the International Union of students (IUS). The decision to create the WFDY and hold festivals was made at the world conference of youth and students in London in 1945. The tradition of holding irregular festivals of left-wing youth organizations is still attractive in modern youth politics. The XIX festival was held in Russia (Moscow/Sochi; October 14–22, 2017, 185 countries, the motto “For peace, solidarity and social justice, we fight against imperialism-respecting the past, we build the future”. VI world festival of youth and students 1957 (Moscow), still perceived as a unique event for the Soviet Union in the framework of international cultural policy during the cold war. In the article, through the activities of the Komsomol of Mordovia, an attempt is made to consider the goals and objectives of the VI and VII world festival of youth and students, in the context of the youth festival policy in the Soviet Union. As it is known, in the 1950s, the festival movement was organized in the format of traditional political, social and cultural events for the Soviet society. However, it should be taken into account that during their implementation, new forms of communication, methods of mobilization, and broadcasting of information were also born to create mutual understanding among young people.

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