Abiotic stress responses in Stipa sibirica (L.)

Stipa sibirica (L) is one of important perennial grass species which belong to genus of Stipa, and family of Poaceae. It has early growth in spring and good quality for animal productivity and good adaptability in vast range of sever conditions in all over the country. Temperature and drought stress are among the two most important environmental factors influencing crop growth, development and yield processes. This study compares three stresses which as cold, drought and saline conditions. In vitro stress assays are commonly used to study the responses of plants to abiotic stress and to assess stress tolerance. Exposure of plants to a drought stress for 10 days significantly decreased the photochemical efficiency of PSII and the Fv/Fm values were almost 50% lower (0.41±0.01) compared with the control plants (0.81±0.01).During cold stress after21 days Fv/Fm decreased to 0.40 ± 0.03. The results of this study demonstrated that Stipa sibirica (L) plants were better adapted to cold conditions than the drought conditionsJournal of agricultural sciences №15 (02): 118-122, 2015

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(456) Abiotic Stress Responses in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Plants Expressing the Arabidopsis thaliana Transcriptional Activators-CBF1and CBF3

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1036e ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 1036E-1037

Author(s):

Mohamed Tawfik ◽

Alejandra Ferenczi ◽

Daniel Enter ◽

Rebecca Grumet

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Abiotic Stress ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Stress Resistance ◽

Photochemical Efficiency ◽

Leaf Damage ◽

Cucumis Sativus L ◽

Oxidative Stresses ◽

Major Factors

Abiotic stresses (e.g., salinity, drought, cold, oxidative stress) can be major factors limiting plant productivity worldwide. We sought to increase abiotic stress resistance in cucumber by expressing the A. thaliana transcription factors CBF1and CBF3, which regulate genes responsible for enhanced dehydration-stress resistance in Arabidopsis. Our previous studies in the greenhouse and field demonstrated increased salinity tolerance in CBF-expressing cucumber lines. In the current studies, we tested response of CBF-cucumber plants to drought, chilling, and oxidative stresses. Transgenic cucumber plants subjected to drought stress in the greenhouse showed elevated levels of the stress-inducible compatible solute, proline, compared to the nontransgenic controls. Preliminary results also indicate greater photochemical efficiency in CBF-expressing plants under drought stress conditions compared to the nontransgenic controls. Under nonstressed conditions, there were no significant differences in growth between the transgenic and the nontransgenic cucumber plants; however, after a cycle of drought stress, CBF-cucumber lines had less growth reduction compared to the nontransgenic counterparts. The advantage in growth was less pronounced after a second cycle of drought. We also evaluated the transgenic cucumber plants under chilling conditions (i.e., low, nonfreezing temperatures within the 0 to 12 °C range). Based on plant height and cotyledon and leaf damage measurements, transgenic cucumber seedlings did not show chilling tolerance compared to the wild-type control. The response of transgenic CBF-cucumber plants to oxidative stress using methyl viologen is also being evaluated.

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Drought and cold stress responses in orostachys spinosa L.

Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.5564/mjas.v22i03.954 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (03) ◽

pp. 77-81

Author(s):

Otgonsuvd B ◽

Ouyngerel Sh ◽

Altanzaya T

Keyword(s):

Electron Transfer ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Photochemical Efficiency ◽

Normal Growth ◽

Growth Conditions ◽

Photochemical Efficiency Of Psii ◽

Succulent Plant ◽

Drought Conditions ◽

Long Time

Orostachys spinosa L. is a succulent plant native to predominantly East Asia. The objective of this study was to identify physiological and morphological responses of O. spinosa L. species to cold, drought stress in laboratory conditions. Exposure of plants to a drought stress for 28 days slightly decreased the photochemical efficiency of PSII and the Fv/Fm values were 10-15% lower (0.75±0.01) compared with the control plants (0.85±0.01). For cold treatments, plants were exposed to 4°C for 60 days and for recovery transferred to normal growth conditions for 14 days. Fv/Fm photochemical efficiency of PSII can be used to monitor PSII photoinhibition. This parameter describes the efficiency of the electron transfer within PSII.The results of this study demonstrated that O. spinosa L. plants were better adapted to cold and drought conditions as they showed less visible symptoms and highest Fv/Fm levels at the long time chilling and drought stress.

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Exogenous Melatonin Enhances Cold, Salt and Drought Stress Tolerance by Improving Antioxidant Defense in Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze)

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24091826 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (9) ◽

pp. 1826 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Jiahao Li ◽

Yiqing Yang ◽

Kang Sun ◽

Yi Chen ◽

Xuan Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Abiotic Stress ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Stress Tolerance ◽

Photochemical Efficiency ◽

Tea Plant ◽

Antioxidant Systems ◽

Exogenous Melatonin ◽

Photochemical Efficiency Of Psii ◽

Salt And Drought Stress ◽

Tea Plants

Melatonin is a biological hormone that plays crucial roles in stress tolerance. In this study, we investigated the effect of exogenous melatonin on abiotic stress in the tea plant. Under cold, salt and drought stress, increasing malondialdehyde levels and decreasing maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII were observed in tea leaves. Meanwhile, the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased significantly under abiotic stress. Interestingly, pretreatment with melatonin on leaves alleviated ROS burst, decreased malondialdehyde levels and maintain high photosynthetic efficiency. Moreover, 100 μM melatonin-pretreated tea plants showed high levels of glutathione and ascorbic acid and increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase under abiotic stress. Notably, melatonin treatments can positively up-regulate the genes (CsSOD, CsPOD, CsCAT and CsAPX) expression of antioxidant enzyme biosynthesis. Taken together, our results confirmed that melatonin protects tea plants against abiotic stress-induced damages through detoxifying ROS and regulating antioxidant systems.

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Growth and Physiological Traits Associated with Drought Survival and Post-drought Recovery in Perennial Turfgrass Species

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.135.2.125 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 135 (2) ◽

pp. 125-133 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Qi Chai ◽

Fang Jin ◽

Emily Merewitz ◽

Bingru Huang

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Osmotic Adjustment ◽

Perennial Grass ◽

Kentucky Bluegrass ◽

Physiological Traits ◽

Grass Species ◽

Cell Wall Elasticity ◽

Drought Recovery ◽

Drought Survival

The objective of this study was to determine physiological traits for drought survival and post-drought recovery upon re-watering in two C3 perennial grass species, kentucky bluegrass [KBG (Poa pratensis)] and perennial ryegrass [PRG (Lolium perenne)]. Plants were maintained well watered or exposed to drought stress by withholding irrigation and were then re-watered in a growth chamber. KBG had significantly higher grass quality and leaf photochemical efficiency, and lower electrolyte leakage than PRG during 20 days of drought. After 7 days of re-watering, drought-damaged leaves were rehydrated to the control level in KBG, but could not fully recover in PRG. KBG produced a greater number of new roots, while PRG had more rapid elongation of new roots after 16 days of re-watering. Superior drought tolerance in KBG was associated with osmotic adjustment, higher cell wall elasticity, and lower relative water content at zero turgor. Osmotic adjustment, cell wall elasticity, and cell membrane stability could play important roles in leaf desiccation tolerance and drought survival in perennial grass species. In addition, post-drought recovery of leaf hydration level and physiological activity could be associated with the accumulation of carbohydrates in leaves and rhizomes during drought stress and new root production after re-watering.

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Histone Deacetylase Gene SlHDA3 Involves in ABA, Drought and Salt Response in Tomato

10.21203/rs.3.rs-208247/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jun-E Guo

Keyword(s):

Abiotic Stress ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Transgenic Plants ◽

Histone Deacetylase ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽

Histone Deacetylation ◽

New Members ◽

Modifying Factors ◽

Mda Content

Abstract Histone deacetylation, one of vital modifying factors of post-translation modifications, which is catalyzed by histone deacetylase. The genes of histone deacetylase(HDACs) play critical roles in various stress responses. However, detailed functions for most SlHDAC members in tomato still unknown. In this work, we found that a histone deacetylase, SlHDA3, involved in response to NaCl and drought abiotic stresses. The expression of SlHDA3 was also induced significantly by NaCl, drought stress and endogenous hormone treatments. Silencing of SlHDA3 in tomato, the RNAi transgenic plants presented depressed tolerance to drought and salt stresses compared with WT tomato. The results of sensitivity analysis indicated that the length of hypocotyl and roots in RNAi plants were more inhibited by ABA and salt stress than that of WT at post-germination stage. Worse growth status were exhibited in SlHDA3 transgenic plants under salt and drought stress as are evaluated by a series of physiological parameters related to stress responses, such as decreased RWC, survival rate, ABA content, chlorophyll content and CAT activity, and increased MDA content and proline content. Besides, the expressions analysis of transgenic plants showed that the transcripts of genes which associated with responses to abiotic stress were down-regulated under salt-stressed conditions. To sum up, SlHDA3 acts as a stress-responsive gene, plays a role in the positive regulation of abiotic stress tolerance, and may be one of the new members in the engineering breeding of salt- and drought-tolerant tomato.

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Genome-wide identification of citrus calmodulin-like genes and their expression in response to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization and drought

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.1139/cjps-2020-0160 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Bo Shu ◽

YaChao Xie ◽

Fei Zhang ◽

Dejian Zhang ◽

Chunyan Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Abiotic Stress ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽

Genome Wide ◽

A Genome

Calmodulin-like (CML) proteins represent a diverse family of protein in plants, and play significant roles in biotic and abiotic stress responses. However, the involvement of citrus CMLs in plant responses to drought stress (abiotic stress) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonization remain relatively unknown. We characterized the citrus CML genes by analyzing the EF-hand domains and a genome-wide search, and identified a total of 38 such genes, distributed across at least nine chromosomes. Six tandem duplication clusters were observed in the CsCMLs, and 12 CsCMLs exhibited syntenic relationships with Arabidopsis thaliana CMLs. Gene expression analysis showed that 29 CsCMLs were expressed in the roots, and exhibited differential expression patterns. The regulation of CsCMLs expression was not consistent with the cis-elements identified in their promoters. CsCML2, 3, and 5 were upregulated in response to drought stress, and AMF colonization repressed the expression of CsCML7, 9, 12, 13,20, 27, 28, and 35,and induced that of CsCML1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 10, 11, 14, 15, 16, 18, 25, 30, 33, and 37. Furthermore, AMF colonization and drought stress exerted a synergistic effect, evident from the enhanced repression of CsCML7, 9, 12, 13, 27, 28, and 35 and enhanced expression of CsCML2, 3, and 5 under AMF colonization and drought stress. The present study provides valuable insights into the CsCML gene family and its responses to AMF colonization and drought stress.

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Identification of Ubiquitin Ligase From Grapevine Ring C3H2C3E3 and Characterization of Drought Resistance Function of VyRCHC114

10.21203/rs.3.rs-52911/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yihe Yu ◽

Shengdi Yang ◽

Lu Bian ◽

Keke Yu ◽

Xiangxuan Meng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Ubiquitin Ligase ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Phylogenetic Trees ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

E3 Ubiquitin Ligase ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽

Element Analysis

Abstract Background: RING is one of the largest E3 ubiquitin ligase families and C3H2C3 type is the largest subfamily of RING, playing an important role in plants’ development and growth and their biotic and abiotic stress responses. Results: A total of 143 RING C3H2C3-type genes (RCHCs) were discovered from the grapevine genome and separated into groups (I-XI) according to their phylogenetic analysis, with these genes named according to their positions on chromosomes. Gene replication analysis showed that tandem duplications play a predominant role in the expansion of VyRCHCs family together. Structural analysis showed that most VyRCHCs(67.13%) had no more than 2 introns, while genes clustered together based on phylogenetic trees had similar motifs and evolutionarily conserved structures. Cis-acting element analysis showed the diversity of VyRCHCs regulation. The expression profiles of eight DEGs in RNA-Seq after drought stress were similar to those in qRT-PCR analysis. The in vitro ubiquitin experiment showed that VyRCHC114 had E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, overexpression of VyRCHC114 in Arabidopsis improved drought tolerance, moreover, the transgenic plant survival rate increased by 30%, accompanied by changing of electrolyte leakage, chlorophyll content and the activities of SOD, POD, APX and CAT were changed. AtCOR15a, AtRD29A, AtERD15 and AtP5CS1 were expressed quantitatively, the results showed that they participated in the drought stress response may be regulated by the expression of VyRCHC114.Conclusions: Valuable new information on the evolution of grapevine RCHCs and its relevance for studying the functional characteristics of grapevine VyRCHC114 genes under drought stress emerged from this research.

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The in vitro rumen methane output of perennial grass species and white clover varieties, and associative effects for their binary mixtures, evaluated using a batch-culture technique

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an12040 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 52 (12) ◽

pp. 1077 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

P. J. Purcell ◽

J. Grant ◽

T. M. Boland ◽

D. Grogan ◽

P. O'Kiely

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Binary Mixtures ◽

White Clover ◽

Perennial Grass ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Culture Technique ◽

Grass Species ◽

Total Volatile ◽

In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

Grassland swards containing white clover varieties (WCV) may result in lower enteric methane (CH4) output from grazing ruminants than swards of only perennial grass species (PGS) due to differences in their chemical composition and rumen fermentation dynamics. The objectives of the present study were to compare the chemical composition, in vitro rumen fermentation variables and CH4 output per unit of feed for a range of common PGS and WCV harvested in May from simulated grazing regimes, and to determine the effects of binary mixtures of the PGS and WCV on in vitro rumen fermentation variables and CH4 output, using a batch-culture technique. Four PGS (perennial ryegrass, cocksfoot, meadow fescue and timothy) and three WCV (Aran, Chieftain and Crusader) were incubated as sole substrates or as part of binary mixtures (PGS : WCV ratios of 0 : 1, 0.25 : 0.75, 0.5 : 0.5, 0.75 : 0.25 and 1 : 0) for 24 h at 39°C with buffered rumen fluid. All WCV had lower (P < 0.001) CH4 output per unit of apparent DM disappeared (aDMD; mean value across WCV (s.e.m.) of 27.0 (1.35) mL/g aDMD v. 36.1 (0.90) mL/g aDMD across PGS) during the in vitro rumen incubation than did all PGS. The WCV also had lower CH4 output per unit of total volatile fatty acids (corresponding values of 0.147 (0.0090) v. 0.199 (0.0073) mmol/mmol total volatile fatty acid output) and per unit of total gas produced (0.118 (0.0022) v. 0.153 (0.0024) mmol/mmol total gas produced) than did the PGS. In addition, Aran and Crusader had lower (P < 0.001) CH4 output per unit of feed DM incubated than did all PGS. There were synergistic associative effects (i.e. where the response was greater for the mixtures than the arithmetic calculation using the responses for PGS and WCV alone; P < 0.05) of mixing the PGS and WCV in binary combinations on all CH4 output variables.

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In vitro fermentation, digestibility and methane production of tropical perennial grass species

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp13450 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 65 (5) ◽

pp. 479 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Belete Shenkute Gemeda ◽

Abubeker Hassen

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Methane Production ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Perennial Grass ◽

Gas Production ◽

Automated System ◽

Grass Species ◽

Tropical Conditions ◽

Acid Detergent Fibre

This study characterised 16 tropical perennial grass species in terms of in vitro methane output and related their digestibility and rumen fermentation with methane output. The grass samples were collected, dried in a forced oven, and ground and analysed for nutrient composition. In vitro gas production and organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) were determined using rumen fluid collected, strained and anaerobically prepared. A semi-automated system was used to measure gas production through in vitro incubation at 39°C. Anthephora argentea and Stipagrostis ciliate produced the highest concentration of methane in terms of g kg–1 digestible dry matter (DDM) and g kg–1 digestible organic matter (IVOMD). Cenchrus ciliaris, Setaria verticillata and Panicum coloratum produced the lowest (P < 0.05) methane when expressed in terms of g kg–1 DDM and g kg–1 IVOMD. Ash, ether extract, non-fibrous carbohydrate, neutral and acid detergent insoluble nitrogen, and crude protein were negatively correlated with methane production. Methane production positively correlated with neutral and acid detergent fibre, cellulose and hemicellulose. It is important to focus on screening and selecting perennial grass with higher nitrogen content and low methane production to mitigate methane production under tropical conditions.

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RNA atlas of human bacterial pathogens uncovers stress dynamics linked to infection

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-021-23588-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kemal Avican ◽

Jehad Aldahdooh ◽

Matteo Togninalli ◽

A. K. M. Firoj Mahmud ◽

Jing Tang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stress Responses ◽

Large Scale ◽

Bacterial Pathogens ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Altered Expression ◽

Online Resource ◽

Species Specific ◽

In Vitro Stress

AbstractBacterial processes necessary for adaption to stressful host environments are potential targets for new antimicrobials. Here, we report large-scale transcriptomic analyses of 32 human bacterial pathogens grown under 11 stress conditions mimicking human host environments. The potential relevance of the in vitro stress conditions and responses is supported by comparisons with available in vivo transcriptomes of clinically important pathogens. Calculation of a probability score enables comparative cross-microbial analyses of the stress responses, revealing common and unique regulatory responses to different stresses, as well as overlapping processes participating in different stress responses. We identify conserved and species-specific ‘universal stress responders’, that is, genes showing altered expression in multiple stress conditions. Non-coding RNAs are involved in a substantial proportion of the responses. The data are collected in a freely available, interactive online resource (PATHOgenex).

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