scholarly journals Mitigation of adverse effects of salt stress on germination, growth, photosynthetic efficiency and yield in maize (Zea mays L.) through magnetopriming

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lokesh Baghel ◽  
Sunita Kataria ◽  
Meeta Jain
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Physiological Characteristic ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Psii Photochemistry ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
The Impact

The efficiency of magnetopriming was evaluated for mitigation of the detrimental effects of salt stress on maize germination, growth, photosynthesis, and yield of maize plants. Maize seeds were pretreated with 200 mT of static magnetic field (SMF) for 1 h to assess the impact of SMF on the germination, seedling vigor, growth of plant, photosynthetic performance, ROS content, and yield under salt stress. The seedling characteristics of maize were negatively influenced by salt stress. However, SMF-pretreated maize seeds showed relatively higher germination percentage and germination stress tolerance index as compared to untreated seeds in saline and nonsaline conditions. The detrimental effect of NaCl induced salt stress was also observed on growth, yield, and different physiological characteristic of maize plants. The results showed that SMF-pretreated seeds enhanced seedling vigor, growth parameters such as plant height, leaf area, and biomass accumulation at different concentrations of NaCl (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mM) as compared to untreated seeds. Photosynthetic pigments, quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm), phenomenological fluxes such as electron transport per leaf CS (ETo/CSm) and density of reaction centers (RC/CSm), the performance index (PI) were high in the leaves of plants that emerged from SMF-pretreated seeds as compared to untreated seeds. This stimulatory effect of SMF treatment of seeds was also revealed in the rate of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance, which results in improved yield of maize plants under saline conditions. The leaves from plants of SMF-treated seeds showed decreased hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) when compared with untreated seeds in both conditions. SMF ameliorates the adverse effect of salt stress in maize plants, by reducing H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and increasing growth, photosynthetic performance, and yield under salt stress. For improvement of salt tolerance, magnetopriming with SMF of 200 mT for 1 h to dry seeds of maize can be efficiently used as a presowing treatment.

scholarly journals Use of a Biostimulant to Mitigate Salt Stress in Maize Plants

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1755
Author(s):  
Roberto D’Amato ◽  
Daniele Del Buono
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
The Impact

Salinity is considered among the abiotic stresses most impacting agriculture for its ability to interfere with crop development and quality. For this reason, practices and innovations that could contain the deleterious effects of such stress are of pivotal importance for maintaining acceptable crop yields. In this context, this work has concerned the study of severe salt stress (100 mM NaCl) on maize seedlings and the effects of a plant biostimulant (Megafol–Meg) in helping plants to cope with this adversity. Biomass production, pigments, the content Na+ and K+, the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and lipid peroxidation products (MDA), total phenolic compounds (TPC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and 2,2-azinobis (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) were investigated in control samples, in samples treated with NaCl alone, and in samples treated with NaCl in combination with the biostimulant. The results showed that the biostimulant significantly mitigated the impact of the salt stress on shoot length and fresh weight, on chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, and reduced the amount of Na+ taken up by the species. Regarding the oxidative status, the biostimulated samples revealed lower amounts of H2O2 and MDA, while maize seedlings grown with NaCl alone exhibited the highest increases in the TPC, ABTS, and FRAP. The explanation for these effects is provided by highlighting the effectiveness of the biostimulant in avoiding Na+ accumulation, which resulted in a lower content of H2O2, MDA, TPC, and antioxidant activity.

Photosynthetic performance of silver fir (Abies alba) of different origins under suboptimal growing conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 1007
Author(s):  
Alena Konôpková ◽  
Eva Pšidová ◽  
Daniel Kurjak ◽  
Srđan Stojnić ◽  
Peter Petrík ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Waves ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Psii Photochemistry ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Understanding of the intraspecific variability in the physiological stress response of trees may enable to mitigate the impact of climate change on forest ecosystems in the future. We studied the photosynthetic performance of five silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) provenances originating from climatically distinct localities. The study was performed in the trial plot of the silver fir provenance experiment IUFRO 2005 on two dates: in the early summer and in the late summer. Heat waves and a decrease in water availability occurred between the two measurement dates, allowing us to study the response of the provenances to suboptimal growing conditions. The provenances were evaluated at the level of PSII photochemistry and CO2 assimilation by measuring photosynthesis-related pigment content, chlorophyll a fluorescence, and gas exchange parameters. Significant climatic clines were confirmed: the photosynthetic performance before and after the stress period increased with the increasing altitude and precipitation at the site of origin. In contrast, photosynthetic performance declined with the increasing temperature and Ellenberg’s quotient of the origin site. We concluded that provenances originating from high altitudes, corresponding well with more humid and colder conditions in Central Europe, showed the greatest photosynthetic performance and were less responsive to moderate heat and drought. This documents inter-population variation in physiological traits, which needs to be considered in setting rules and recommendations for the transfer of forest reproductive materials.

scholarly journals  ​Effect of Palm Oil Mill Effluent on the Growth of Maize (Zea mays)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.C. Ewelike ◽  
J.C. Orji ◽  
I.E Adieze ◽  
V.E. Ogwudire ◽  
B.U. Uzoho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Expected Effect ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
The Impact

Background: Raw palm oil mill effluent is toxic effluent capable of posing serious threat to plants when discharged to the environment. In developing countries, the untreated effluent is often discharged to the surrounding land due to high cost associated with its treatment. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the impact of palm oil mill effluent treated with locally available material on the growth of maize. Methods: The bunch ash obtained from local material by burning de-fruited oil palm bunch was used for the treatment. The experiment was consisted of eight treatments of concentrations of palm oil mill effluent viz 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0%, 4.0%, 5.0%, 6.0%, 7.0% and 8.0%. The treatment was carried out on potted maize plants with six replications. Four kilograms of soil was weighed into each pot. Six pots were labelled as control, with untreated palm oil mill effluent added to them. Eight other groups consisting of six pots each were treated with 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0%, 4.0%, 5.0%, 6.0%, 7.0% and 8.0% concentrations of the effluent. The maize seeds were planted one in each pot to avoid overcrowding. The pots were transferred to greenhouse and each pot was moistened daily with the specified concentration of the palm oil mill effluent. The growth rate, plant height and leaf length of the maize plants were thereafter determined. Result: The 8.0% concentration of bunch ash in the effluent had the highest expected effect on all the parameters whereas the control gave the lowest expected effect. The effects increased as the concentration of bunch ash in the effluent increased, indicating that increased concentration of bunch ash recorded significant increase in growth rate, height and leaf length of maize. The analysis of variance for the obtained data showed that the effects of the different concentrations were significantly different. This study provides an alternative and cost effective method of ameliorating the toxicity of palm oil mill effluent to plants.

scholarly journals A stochastic process modelling of maize phyllochron enables to characterize environmental and genetic effects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Plancade ◽  
E. Marchadier ◽  
S. Huet ◽  
A. Ressayre ◽  
C. Noûs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Process ◽  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Divergent Selection ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWe propose a flexible statistical model for phyllochron that enables to seasonal variations analysis and hypothesis testing, and demonstrate its efficiency on a data set from a divergent selection experiment on maize.The time between appearance of successive leaves or phyllochron enables to characterize the vegetative development of maize plants which determines their flowering time. Phyllochron is usually considered as constant over the development of a given plant, even though studies have demonstrated response of growth parameters to environmental variables. In this paper, we proposed a novel statistical approach for phyllochron analysis based on a stochastic process, which combines flexibility and a more accurate modelling than existing regression models. The model enables accurate estimation of the phyllochron associated with each leaf rank and enables hypothesis testing. We applied the model on an original maize dataset collected in fields from plants belonging to closely related genotypes originated from divergent selection experiments for flowering time conducted on two maize inbred lines. We showed that the main differences in phyllochron were not observed between selection populations (Early or Late), but rather ancestral lines, years of experimentation, and leaf ranks. Finally, we showed that phyllochron variations through seasons could be related to climate variations, even if the impact of each climatic variables individually was not clearly elucidated. All script and data can be found at https://doi.org/10.15454/CUEHO6

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alleviate salt stress in lupine (Lupinus termis Forsik) through modulation of antioxidant defense systems and physiological traits

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abeer Hashem ◽  
Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah ◽  
Abdilaziz A. Alqarawi ◽  
Stephan Wirth ◽  
Dilfuza Egamberdieva
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Tissue Water ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lupinus Termis

The present study was carried with the aim to demonstrate and examine the impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on the growth, anti-oxidants metabolism and some key physio-biochemical attributes including the osmotic constituents in <italic>Lupinus termis</italic> exposed to salt stress. Salt stress (250 mM NaCl) reduced growth, AMF colonisation, relative water content and chlorophyll pigment content. However, AMF ameliorated the negative effect of salinity on these growth parameters. Salt stress increased the activities of key antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and peroxidase (POD). Inoculation of AMF enhanced the activities of these enzymes and caused an increase in the accumulation of osmotic components resulting in the maintainence of tissue water content. Proline, glycine betaine and sugars increased with salinity stress and AMF inoculation. Plants subjected to salt stress showed considerable variations in the endogenous levels of growth hormones. Reduced lipid peroxidation and increased membrane stability in AMF inoculated plants and enhanced activity of anti-oxidants enzymes confers the role of AMF in assuaging the salt stress induced deleterious effects.

scholarly journals Effects of Fusarium verticillioides and Lactobacillus Strains Inoculation on Growth and Antioxidant Enzymes Activity of Zea mays Plants

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zohreh Akhavan Kharazian ◽  
Mahnaz Aghdasi ◽  
Gholamreza Salehi Jouzan ◽  
Majid Zamani
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Lactobacillus Pentosus ◽  
Enzymes Activity ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The current research based on greenhouse experiment evaluates the impact of the Lactobacillus strains (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus paralimentaris, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus pentosus, and Lactobacillus buchneri) previously isolated from maize silage on the Fusarium verticillioides-infected maize plants. The growth parameters as well as catalase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and peroxidase antioxidant enzymes activity were investigated in one-month old seedlings, after inoculations with Fusarium or co-inoculations with Fusarium and the Lactobacillus strains. Application of Lactobacillus strains in maize seedlings significantly enhanced the plant growth and biomass. The best effect was observed when the L. buchneri was applied. It was revealed that inoculation with Fusarium stimulated antioxidant enzyme activity and co-inoculation with Lactobacillus strains reduced the enzyme activity, compared to Fusarium treatment alone. This is the first report that revealed the bioprotective role of Lactobacillus strains against F. verticillioides.

scholarly journals A biological agent modulates the physiology of barley infected with Drechslera teres

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurélie Backes ◽  
Nathalie Vaillant-Gaveau ◽  
Qassim Esmaeel ◽  
Essaid Ait Barka ◽  
Cédric Jacquard
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Yield ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Necrotic Area ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
Drechslera Teres ◽  
Beneficial Bacterium ◽  
Psii Photochemistry ◽  
Barley Leaves ◽  
The Impact

AbstractRecognized as the causal agent of net blotch, Drechslera teres is responsible for major losses of barley crop yield. The consequences of this leaf disease are due to the impact of the infection on the photosynthetic performance of barley leaves. To limit the symptoms of this ascomycete, the use of beneficial bacteria known as “Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria” constitutes an innovative and environmentally friendly strategy. A bacterium named as strain B25 belonging to the genus Burkholderia showed a strong antifungal activity against D. teres. The bacterium was able to limit the development of the fungus by 95% in detached leaves of bacterized plants compared to the non-bacterized control. In this study, in-depth analyses of the photosynthetic performance of young barley leaves infected with D. teres and/or in the presence of the strain B25 were carried out both in and close to the necrotic area. In addition, gas exchange measurements were performed only near the necrotic area. Our results showed that the presence of the beneficial bacterium reduced the negative impact of the fungus on the photosynthetic performance and modified only the net carbon assimilation rate close to the necrotic area. Indeed, the presence of the strain B25 decreased the quantum yield of regulated non-photochemical energy loss in PSII noted as Y(NPQ) and allowed to maintain the values stable of maximum quantum yield of PSII photochemistry known as Fv/Fm and close to those of the control in the presence of D. teres. To the best of our knowledge, these data constitute the first study focusing on the impact of net blotch fungus and a beneficial bacterium on photosynthesis and respiratory parameters in barley leaves.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic Performance in Improved ‘KDML105’ Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Lines Containing Drought and Salt Tolerance Genes under Drought and Salt Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dechudom Pamuta ◽  
Meechai Siangliw ◽  
Jirawat Sanitchon ◽  
Jarunjit Pengrat ◽  
Jonaliza L. Siangliw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Quantum Yield ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Psii Photochemistry ◽  
Drought And Salt Stress ◽  
Quantum Yield Of Psii

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) ‘KDML105’ is the most popular aromatic rice originating in Thailand. This cultivar is highly susceptible to abiotic stresses, especially drought and salt stress during the seedling stage. The objective of this study was to investigate the photosynthetic performance in response to drought and salt stress of four improved breeding lines, specifically CSSL94 and CSSL103 (containing drought-tolerant quantitative trait loci: DT-QTLs) and RGD1 and RGD4 (containing a salt-tolerance gene, SKC1), with ‘KDML105’ (susceptible) and DH103 (tolerant to drought and salt stress) as the controls. Rice seedlings were grown for 21 days in hydroponic solutions and then exposed to salt stress (150 mM NaCl) or drought stress (20% PEG6000) for 10 days. The results indicated that when subjected to drought and salt stress, all rice lines/cultivar exhibited significant reductions in net photosynthesis rate (PN), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (E), the maximal quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm), the effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (Fv’/Fm’), photosynthetic pigments, and SPAD readings, whereas water use efficiency (WUE) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) increased. Compared with ‘KDML105’, CSSL94, and CSSL103 were more tolerant to both drought and salinity, showing less reduction in all photosynthetic parameters. For RGD1 and RGD4, it was confirmed that these lines had a higher level of salt tolerance than ‘KDML105’ based on better photosynthetic performance under salt stress, demonstrating that these lines were also more tolerant to drought stress.

scholarly journals Metabolomics and Physiological Insights into the Ability of Exogenously Applied Chlorogenic Acid and Hesperidin to Modulate Salt Stress in Lettuce Distinctively

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (20) ◽  
pp. 6291
Author(s):  
Leilei Zhang ◽  
Begoña Miras-Moreno ◽  
Evren Yildiztugay ◽  
Ceyda Ozfidan-Konakci ◽  
Busra Arikan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Metabolic Reprogramming ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Salt Stress Condition ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Enzyme Cofactors ◽  
The Impact

Recent studies in the agronomic field indicate that the exogenous application of polyphenols can provide tolerance against various stresses in plants. However, the molecular processes underlying stress mitigation remain unclear, and little is known about the impact of exogenously applied phenolics, especially in combination with salinity. In this work, the impacts of exogenously applied chlorogenic acid (CA), hesperidin (HES), and their combination (HES + CA) have been investigated in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) through untargeted metabolomics to evaluate mitigation effects against salinity. Growth parameters, physiological measurements, leaf relative water content, and osmotic potential as well as gas exchange parameters were also measured. As expected, salinity produced a significant decline in the physiological and biochemical parameters of lettuce. However, the treatments with exogenous phenolics, particularly HES and HES + CA, allowed lettuce to cope with salt stress condition. Interestingly, the treatments triggered a broad metabolic reprogramming that involved secondary metabolism and small molecules such as electron carriers, enzyme cofactors, and vitamins. Under salinity conditions, CA and HES + CA distinctively elicited secondary metabolism, nitrogen-containing compounds, osmoprotectants, and polyamines.

Impact of Pseudomonas putida on the Growth Parameters of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum- graecum L.): A Traditional Herbal Boon for Rural Areas

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-96
Author(s):  
Shashi Kant Shukla ◽  
◽  
Awadhesh Kumar ◽  
Anupam Dikshit ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Leguminous Plant ◽  
Food Protein ◽  
Botany Department ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Trigonella Foenum Graecum L ◽  
The Impact

The present study aims the impact of Pseudomonas putida on different growth parameters of Trigonella sp., a leguminous plant to support the requirement of food, protein along with their medicinal value in the rural areas of India. A pot experiment was arranged based on completely randomized design with four replications at Biological Product Laboratory, Botany Department, University of Allahabad. Treatments were given at the seed level with one of control. Results indicated that application of P. putida significantly improved vegetative growth and showed an edge on the growth of the fenugreek as compared to the control.

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