A Brief History of the Banjo

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Jones-Bamman
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Tone Production ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

This chapter provides a short historical overview of the banjo, from its origins among enslaved populations up through the so-called golden era of its development and manufacture in the late 19th century. It begins with a definition of the instrument based on specific morphological features, taking into account various African antecedents that remain hallmarks of its design and distinctive tone production. This is followed by a discussion of the gradual emergence of mass produced banjos created for the burgeoning middle-class parlor market in the 1880s and 1890s, and the roll these same instruments have played in determining the design parameters commonly employed by contemporary makers creating open-back banjos for the old-time musical community.

New Moral Worlds

2020 ◽  
pp. 171-200
Author(s):  
Robert Colls
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Day School ◽  
Modern School ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Playing Fields

Chapter 6 brings the history of modern sport and the modern school together. In the Uppingham School Archives there’s a photograph of the school cricket team gathered round its ambitious and reforming headmaster Rev. Edward Thring. At this moment (1858) Thring was involved in painful disputes with these boys, trivial struggles that confirmed in his mind if not theirs the need to build a network of powerful schools committed to reforming the character of elite young men. He and his brother headmasters spent their lives reinventing these so called ‘public’ schools as new moral worlds. Chapter 6 looks also at the Girls Public Day School Company (1872) and its work towards the proper education of middle-class young women. Sport and gender was vital to both campaigns although how vital rather depended on the extent to which girls won a new independent voice and the boys retained their old one. Public schools were seen by their inventors as new moral worlds but they could be new immoral worlds as well. Or, to put it another way, the schools were reconfigured as closed institutions deliberately designed to influence the character and behaviour of the young. By the beginning of the twentieth century the leading public schools were seen as uniquely successful enterprises, obsessed with the athletic body, significant and forceful in the definition of what a ‘school’ should be, stately and beautiful, and surrounded almost by definition by playing fields. A new set of national icons had been created.

scholarly journals Z historii prasy największych zakładów przemysłowych Wrocławia i okolic 1946–1990

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 53-90
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Korczyńska-Derkacz
Keyword(s):  
Historical Overview ◽  
Chronological Order ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Industrial Plants ◽  
The Press ◽  
History Of ◽  
Regional Committee ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Archive Material

FROM THE PRESS HISTORY OF THE LARGEST INDUSTRIAL PLANTS IN WROCŁAW AND THE SURROUNDING AREA 1946–1990The author presents a historical overview of company newspapers published in Wrocław and two nearby towns — Brzeg Dolny and Jelcz-Laskowice — where large industrial plants employing thousands of people living in the Lower Silesian capital were located. The article consists of two parts. In the first the author quotes the definition of company press, discusses its function and on the basis of figures from Ruch Wydawniczy w Liczbach [Polish Publishing in Figures] from 1968–1992 presents the publication frequency and geography of such publications with regard to the whole country. Part two is devoted to company newspapers published in the region referred to in the title. Drawing on an analysis of archive material kept in the State Archives in Wrocław, especially documents produced by the Regional Committee of the Polish United Workers’ Party in 1971–1978, the author examines the party nature of these publications and the requirements imposed on their editorial teams. She analyses the following publications in chronological order: Pafawag 1946–1990, Ku Nowemu 1954–1990, Żeglarz Odrzański 1954–1981, Życie Załogi 1956–1981, Nasze Problemy 1969–1990, Intermoda 1972–1981, Elwro 1973–1981, Polar 1976–1981, as well as one from Brzeg Dolny Głos Rokity, 1954–1981 and Jelcz-Laskowice Głos Jelcza 1962–2001. She points to formal features like format, size and circulation; editorial features, especially changes in the graphic layout of the headpiece; lists members of the editorial teams and briefly describes the profile of each newspaper in question.

A Brief History of Modern Endocrinology and Definitions of a True Hormone

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1116-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Bahadoran ◽  
Parvin Mirmiran ◽  
Fereidoun Azizi ◽  
Asghar Ghasemi
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Substance ◽  
Signaling Molecules ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Chemical Signaling ◽  
Classical Definition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Chemical Messengers

Background and Objective: An overview of the history of endocrinology indicates that definitions of some initially developed concepts, including the term ‘hormone’ have been changed over time. This review provides a historical overview of current definitions of ‘hormone’ and the criteria of a true hormone. In addition, a brief history of hormone-related concepts and their transformation over time are discussed. Results: Classically, a hormone is a chemical substance secreted into the bloodstream and acts on distant tissues, usually in a regulatory fashion. Several newly discovered bioregulators and chemical signaling molecules are far from the classical definition of a true hormone and could not fulfill many relevant criteria. Major developments in the field of endocrinology accompanied by the complex terminology, currently used to describe hormonal actions of chemical messengers, underscore the need of the revision of such classical concepts. Conclusion: Complex terminology currently used to describe different hormonal actions of chemical messengers, suggests that it is time to conceptualize the term hormone and revise its classical definition.

scholarly journals مناسبات النِّصف الأول من سورة المدثر دراسة مقارنة بين تفسير مفاتيح الغيب والبحر المحيط

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-186
Author(s):  
Salma Salem Hamidi Khasouni Al Ketbi Al Ketbi ◽  
Dr. Ahmed Abdel Karim Al Kubaisi
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
General Definition ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

تضمنت هذه الدراسة التعريف بعلم المناسبات وموضوعه، والتعريف العام بالسورة من حيث اسمها ومناسبتها للمحور وتاريخ نزولها وترتيبها وفضائلها، ثم استخراج المناسبات في تفسير النصف الأول من سورة المدثر في تفسير مفاتيح الغيب والبحر المحيط. وتجيب هذه الدراسة عن أهمية علم المناسبات، وواقعيته، ومدى توظيف ذلك على تفسيري الرازي وأبي حيان من خلال الوقوف على النصف الأول من سورة المدثر، وإظهار أوجه الاتفاق والاختلاف فيما بينهما، فضلاً عن أوجه الموازنة. ويعتمد هذا البحث المنهج الاستقرائي والمنهج المقارن، وقد توصَّل إلى نتائج، من أبرزها: عراقة علم المناسبات؛ لما يظهره من إعجاز وترابط آيات القرآن، والتأكيد على عنايـة الإمامين بالمناسـبات، وإبراز أوجه الاتفاق فيما بينهما في بيان المناسبة غالبًا، وإيضاح تفرّد أحدهما بذكر المناسبة دون غيره، وأوضحت الدراسة أيضًا أنَّ المناسبات منها ما هو ظاهر، ومنها ما هو خفي يحتاج إلـى تدبر وتمعن وتحقق. This study attempts to analyses the notion of munasaba (coherence) in the Quranic verses along with its topics, the general definition of Quranic chapters, its coherence for the mihwar (axis), the history of its revelation, orders, excellences via an analytical study of the first half of Surah al-Muddaththir in two exegeses Mafatih al-Ghayb and al-Bahr al-Muhit. This paper sheds light on the importance of understanding the concept of munasaba and its realism and how, in turn, this concept employed by al-Razi and Abu Hayyan’s interpretations of first half of Surah al-Muddaththir especially in terms of their agreement and disputation together with their balance of interpretive possibilities. Hence, inductive and comparative analysis employed to identify the historical overview of the science of munasaba and the relations that connects inter-verse level that is between verses of each surah. The main contention of this paper is that both scholars their approaches to the verses of the Quran is coherence as well as there are aspects of which they agreed upon and also the outcome of their extended tafsirs was some unique, apparent or nuance that require a very deep reflection.

What do women want? A critical mapping of future directions for Arab Feminisms

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mervat Hatem
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Political Islam ◽  
Arab Women ◽  
Modern History ◽  
Critical Perspective ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Critical Overview ◽  
Shed Light

This paper was the Keynote Address to the conference organized by the Lebanese Women Researchers in October 2009 whose theme was ‘Arab Feminism: A Critical Perspective’. The conference held in Beirut, Lebanon, was attended by many scholars and activists interested in Arab feminism. It offered a critical overview of the literature, discourses and the agendas used to explore and analyse the history of Arab feminism available in Arabic and in English, the two languages with which the author is familiar. A conscious effort was made to be inclusive by making reference to as many of the works and authors available in this field as possible to shed light on the lessons to be learned from the gender struggles in different Arab states. Intellectually, the paper critically examined the founding myths of the modern history of Arab women, especially the role that men played in it, as well as the contributions that modernization and nationalism made to their roles and rights. It also addressed how the state emerged as an important agent in the definition of, response to and the appropriation of the agendas of women following decolonization. Finally, it assessed the rise of political Islam and how it contributed to new discursive and political divisions among middle-class women whose activism was historically identified with the development of Arab feminism.

Karl Marx’s Legacy: The Historical Overview

2007 ◽  
pp. 87-103
Author(s):  
R. Nureev
Keyword(s):  
Marxist Theory ◽  
Neoclassical Economic ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Economic Theories ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Western Marxism

The article is devoted to the history of reception and interpretation of the ideas of Marx and Engels. The author considers the reasons for divergence between Marxist and neoclassical economic theories. He also analyzes the ways of vulgarization of Marx’s theory and the making of Marxist voluntarism. It is shown that the works of Marx and Engels had a certain potential for their over-simplified interpretations. The article also considers academic ("Western") Marxism and evaluates the prospects of Marxist theory in the future.

Towards the digital land reclamation

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Sergey Vasil'ev ◽  
Vyacheslav Schedrin ◽  
Aleksandra Slabunova ◽  
Vladimir Slabunov
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Optimal Management ◽  
Scientific Potential ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Full Cooperation

The aim of the research is a retrospective analysis of the history and stages of development of digital land reclamation in Russia, the definition of «Digital land reclamation» and trends in its further development. In the framework of the retrospective analysis the main stages of melioration formation are determined. To achieve the maximum effect of the «digital reclamation» requires full cooperation of practical experience and scientific potential accumulated throughout the history of the reclamation complex, and the latest achievements of science and technology, which is currently possible only through the full digitalization of reclamation activities. The introduction of «digital reclamation» will achieve greater potential and effect in the modernization of the reclamation industry in the «hightech industry», through the use of innovative developments and optimal management decisions.

Vyshnivetsky Castle Library of Prince Mychailo Servaty Vyshnivetsky – Historical Book Heritage and Object of Bibliological and Historical Reconstruction

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 166-182
Author(s):  
Iryna Tsiborovska-Rymarovych
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Cultural Images ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Printed Books ◽  
History Of ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
Definition Of

The article has as its object the elucidation of the history of the Vyshnivetsky Castle Library, definition of the content of its fund, its historical and cultural significance, correlation of the founder of the Library Mychailo Servaty Vyshnivetsky with the Book.The Vyshnivetsky Castle Library was formed in the Ukrainian historical region of Volyn’, in the Vyshnivets town – “family nest” of the old Ukrainian noble family of the Vyshnivetskies under the “Korybut” coat of arm. The founder of the Library was Prince Mychailo Servaty Vyshnivetsky (1680–1744) – Grand Hetman and Grand Chancellor of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Vilno Voievoda. He was a politician, an erudite and great bibliophile. In the 30th–40th of the 18th century the main Prince’s residence Vyshnivets became an important centre of magnate’s culture in Rich Pospolyta. M. S. Vyshnivetsky’s contemporaries from the noble class and clergy knew quite well about his library and really appreciated it. According to historical documents 5 periods are defined in the Library’s history. In the historical sources the first place is occupied by old-printed books of Library collection and 7 Library manuscript catalogues dating from 1745 up to the 1835 which give information about quantity and topical structures of Library collection.The Library is a historical and cultural symbol of the Enlightenment epoch. The Enlightenment and those particular concepts and cultural images pertaining to that epoch had their effect on the formation of Library’s fund. Its main features are as follow: comprehensive nature of the stock, predominance of French eighteenth century editions, presence of academic books and editions on orientalistics as well as works of the ideologues of the Enlightenment and new kinds of literature, which generated as a result of this movement – encyclopaedias, encyclopaedian dictionaries, almanacs, etc. Besides the universal nature of its stock books on history, social and political thought, fiction were dominating.The reconstruction of the history of Vyshnivetsky’s Library, the historical analysis of the provenances in its editions give us better understanding of the personality of its owners and in some cases their philanthropic activities, and a better ability to identify the role of this Library in the culture life of society in a certain epoch.

‘... Call the Mute Artifacts to Speech’: New Essays on the History of Archeology

2018 ◽  
pp. 1274-1279
Author(s):  
Elena V. Olimpieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Historical Material ◽  
Manuscript Tradition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Publication Practices ◽  
Controversial Nature

The article reviews O. A. Shashkova’s ‘... Call the Mute Artifacts to Speech.’ Essays on the History of Archaeography of the 15th - Early 20th Century. Wide array of sources and broad geographical frameworks allow Shashkova to present emergence and development of Russian and European archaeography from the 15th to early 20th century intelligibly enough for educational purposes. A whole chapter is devoted to the manuscript tradition and publishing of sources before Gutenberg. When considering the formation of archaeographical tradition, the author uses comparative method. O. A. Shashkova offers a historical overview and analyzes theoretical and practical issues of archaeography. The reviewer notes the significance of the chosen topic due to a need to reconsider the development of publishing in light of modern views on archaeography and to make it accessible to students and non-professionals. She notes traditional academic approach of O. A. Shashkova to presentation of the development publication practices. The review considers the possibility of using the ‘Essays...’ in studying the history of archaeography and offers possible directions for a broader consideration of historical experience, in particular, of Novikov’s publication projects. The review notes the controversial nature of the author’s approach to systematization of her large historical material in order to consider issues concerning the study of archaeographical practices. It stresses that coverage of issues of development of methods of preparation of publications separately from its historical and practical aspects hinders successful mastering of the material by an untrained reader. It concludes that the publication has high practical value for specialists in archaeography and students.

(A review). BRAUN-BLANQUETIA. Recueil de travaux de geobotanique / review of geobotanical monographs. Vol. 46. Centenaire de la phytosociologie. CAMERINO, 2010. 423 p.

2011 ◽  
pp. 143-147
Author(s):  
L. G. Naumova ◽  
V. B. Martynenko ◽  
S. M. Yamalov
Keyword(s):  
Plant Association ◽  
Northern Asia ◽  
The Third ◽  
International Botanical ◽  
International Botanical Congress ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

Date of «birth» of phytosociology (phytocenology) is considered to be 1910, when at the third International Botanical Congress in Brussels adopted the definition of plant association in the wording Including Flaó and K. Schröter (Flahault, Schröter, 1910; Alexandrov, 1969). The centenary of this momentous event in the history of phytocenology devoted to the 46th edition of the Yearbook «Braun-Blanquetia», which began to emerge in 1984 in Camerino (Italy) and it has a task to publish large geobotanical works. During the years of the publication of the Yearbook on its pages were published twice work of the Russian scientists — «The steppes of Mongolia» (Z. V. Karamysheva, V. N. Khramtsov. Vol. 17. 1995), and «Classification of continental hemiboreal forests of Northern Asia» (N. B. Ermakov in collaboration with English colleagues and J. Dring, J. Rodwell. Vol. 28. 2000).

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