Functional Evaluation of Sasa Makino et Shibata Leaf Extract as Group III OTC Drug

Cataracts are one of the most causes of blindness in the world. Oxidative stress can form pathological conditions such as cataracts. This oxidative stress ability can be measured by the malondialdehyde (MDA) biomarker. Binahong leaves (Anredera cordifolia (Tenore) Steenis) are native plants from Indonesia that are used to treat various diseases including cataract treatment. Binahong leaf (Anredera cordifolia (Tenore) Steenis) has a high amount of flavonoids and is rich in antioxidants that can be used to treat cataracts. Objective. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of binahong leaf extract on the levels of MDA in a goat lens with cataract-induced material. Method. As many as possible, 40 goat eye lenses were divided into several groups, namely, group I normal lenses as controls (glucose 5.5 mM), group II lenses were cataract induced with glucose concentration of 55 mM, group III lenses with glucose 55 mM + binahong leaf extract (100 μg/ml), group IV lens with glucose 55 mM + binahong leaf extract (200 μg/ml), and group V lens with glucose 55 mM + quercetin (positive control). Biochemical parameters measured in the lens homogenate are malondialdehyde lens morphology in all groups’ observations and comparisons made. Results. The results of the study found that the lens group with the addition of binahong extract showed more results transparency compared to lens groups induced by glucose concentrations of 55 mM). This shows that the diabetic cataract group experienced high oxidative stress due to the accumulation of sorbitol compounds derived from glucose which caused turbidity in the goat eye lens and increased levels of lens MDA. Binahong levels at concentrations of 100 or 200 can inhibit MDA production. Conclusion. Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Tenore) Steenis) extract has the ability to inhibit the production of MDA levels. In glucose-induced goat lenses, binahong extract and quercetin show antioxidant and anticataract properties.

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Effect of Methanolic Leaf Extract ofOcimum basilicumL. on Benzene-Induced Hematotoxicity in Mice

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2012/176385 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

S. Saha ◽

M. K. Mukhopadhyay ◽

P. D. Ghosh ◽

D. Nath

Keyword(s):

Cell Cycle ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Bone Marrow Cells ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Treated Group ◽

Protective Role ◽

Control Group ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

Cell Cycle Deregulation

The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective role of methanolic leaf extract ofOcimum basilicumL. against benzene-induced hematotoxicity in Swiss albino mice. GC analysis and subacute toxicity level of the extract were tested. Mice were randomly divided into three groups among which II and III were exposed to benzene vapour at a dose 300 ppm × 6 hr/day × 5 days/week for 2 weeks and group I was control. Group III of this experiment was treated with the leaf methanolic extract at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight, a dose in nontoxic range. Hematological parameters (Hb%, RBC and WBC counts), cell cycle regulatory proteins expression and DNA fragmentation analysis of bone marrow cells was performed. There was an upregulation of p53 and p21 and downregulation of levels of CDK2, CDK4, CDK6, and cyclins D1 and E in leaf extract-treated group. DNA was less fragmented in group III compared to group II (P<0.05). The present study indicates that the secondary metabolites ofO. basilicumL. methanolic leaf extract, comprising essential oil monoterpene geraniol and its oxidized form citral as major constituents, have modulatory effect in cell cycle deregulation and hematological abnormalities induced by benzene in mice.

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Protective Effect of Morus Nigra Leaf Extract on Diazinon-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats

Journal of Islamabad Medical & Dental College ◽

10.35787/jimdc.v9i3.483 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 175-181

Author(s):

Hina Majid ◽

Salman Shahid ◽

Sadia Shakeel ◽

Mariam Ashraf ◽

Muhammad Yasoob Ali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Extract ◽

Hepatic Tissue ◽

Medical Institute ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Central Vein ◽

Group Iii ◽

Morus Nigra ◽

Group I ◽

Group Ii

Background: Diazinon is a globally used pesticide. Morus nigra (Black Mulberry) possesses flavonoids and phenols, which act as antioxidants. The objective of this study was to determine the possible protective effects of Morus nigra leaf extract on Diazinon-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Material and Method: It was an experimental study conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore. A total of 36 healthy male Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups with 12 rats in each group. Group I was the control group. Group II was treated with 60 mg/kg body weight (bw) Diazinon daily for 4 weeks through orogastric intubation. Group III was treated with Diazinon 60 mg/kg bw daily along with 350 mg/kg bw of Morus nigra extract daily for 4 weeks through orogastric intubation. Blood samples were collected through cardiac puncture, for estimation of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels. Liver dissection was done, slides of the hepatic tissue were prepared and studied under light microscope. The histology of hepatocytes, portal lobule, portal vein and sinuosoids was observed. SPSS 20 was used for data analysis. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test was applied to establish difference among groups with P-value ≤0.05 considered as statistically significant. Results: Histology of Liver tissue in group I showed normal morphology while group II revealed hypertrophy and vacuolization of hepatocytes, congested central vein and sinusoids and presence of necrotic foci. These toxic effects were reversed by the co-administration of Diazinon with Morus nigra in group III which showed normal histology of the hepatic tissue. Similarly, Diazinon administration resulted in significant elevation of ALT and AST levels (P-value<0.05), while, Morus nigra resulted in a considerable decline in the levels of these enzymes (P-value <0.05). Conclusion: Morus nigra extract has hepatoprotective effects against liver toxicity induced by Diazinon.

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Accelerative Wound-Healing Effect of Aqueous Anthocephalus Cadamba Leaf Extract in a Diabetic Rat Model

The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds ◽

10.1177/15347346211018330 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 153473462110183

Author(s):

Shoket Ali ◽

Sharmeen Ishteyaque ◽

Foziya Khan ◽

Pragati Singh ◽

Abhishek Soni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Povidone Iodine ◽

Diabetic Control ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Group Iv ◽

Control Group ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

Diabetic Control Group

Impaired wound healing is a major concern in diabetic patients due to unregulated chronic hyperglycemia which further may lead to ulcer, gangrene, and its complications. The present study unveils the accelerative effect of aqueous Anthocephalus cadamba leaf extract on wound healing in diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in 30 Sprague Dawley female rats by using streptozotocin (except control group I) at the dose of 60 mg/kg intraperitoneally. Diabetic rats were randomized in 3 groups viz. diabetic control group (II), diabetes + Kadam plant leaf extract group (III), and diabetes + 5% povidone–iodine solution group (IV). Surgically sterile wound of 1.77 cm2 was created on the dorsal area of anaesthetized rats. The experimental parameters were assessed by hematobiochemical, histopathological, and western blot techniques. The A cadamba extract treatment group (III) (D + KPLE) showed a significant increase in the percentage of wound closure (82%) at day 21 as compared to the diabetic control group (42%), nondiabetic control group (I) (49%), and povidone–iodine treatment group (75%) group (IV). The findings of the present study suggest that the (D + KPLE) group (III) exhibited marked epithelial regeneration, neovascularization, collagen deposition, and fibroblast proliferation along with higher expression of vascular endothelial growth factor as compared to the diabetic control group (II), which was confirmed by histopathological examination and western blot analysis. The present study suggests that the topical application of aqueous A cadamba leaf extract exhibits accelerative wound-healing properties in diabetic rats.

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Effect of beluntas (Pluchea indica) leaf extract on mice spermatogenesis

Biofarmasi Journal of Natural Product Biochemistry ◽

10.13057/biofar/f080202 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 47-51

Author(s):

NUR AMALINA ◽

SUYATMI SUYATMI ◽

ENDANG LISTYANINGSIH SUPARYANTI

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Treatment Group ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Study Groups ◽

Control Group ◽

High Concentration ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference

Amalina N, Suyatmi, Suparyanti EL. 2010. Effect of beluntas (Pluchea indica) leaf extract on mice spermatogenesis. Biofarmasi 8: 47-51. This research aimed to determine the effect of beluntas (Pluchea indica L.) leaf extract in habiting spermatogenesis. Flavonoids can inhibit aromatase enzyme that function to catalyze the conversion of androgens into estrogen so that the level of the testosterone hormone will increase. The high concentration of testosterone will affect on the feedback to the pituitary, that not releasing FSH and LH, so it will inhibit spermatogenesis. This research is an experimental research with post-test only controlled group design method, using male mice, 2-3 months age, weight 20-30 g, as many as 24 mice divided into 4 groups. The first group was a control group, the second group as treatment group I that given with 1.4 mg/20 g body weight beluntas extract, the third group as treatment group II that given with 2.8 mg/g body weight beluntas extract. The fourth group as treatment group III that given with 5.6 mg/g body weight beluntas extract. The treatment was given for 10 days after that the testes of mice were taken and from each testicle was made 3 slices and from each slice the most representative seminiferous tubule was taken for spermatid cells. So, each mice had 18 units of data would be analyzed. The data obtained were analyzed with Anova to determine the significant differences before and after the treatment of extract and to be compared the difference between four groups with Dunnet T3 test to determine the difference between each group. Based on the statistical test results with Dunnet T3, it showed a significant difference between the fours study groups, except between treatment groups I and II. This might be due to the effectiveness of the two doses equally so that by doubling the dose, it did not give a doubling effect on decreasing spermatids. The provision of beluntas leaf extract can cause a decrease in the number of spermatid cells in mice. The average spermatid cells number decreased with increasing beluntas leaf extract dose. The best dose for reducing the number of spermatids in this study was the dose in the treatment group III that was 5.6 mg/g body weight.

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Clinicopathological Effects of Oral Administration of Ethanol Leaf Extract of Charcoal–Tree (Trema Orientalis Linn Blume) in Jamnapari Crossbred Goats

Nigerian Veterinary Journal ◽

10.4314/nvj.v41i3.3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 223-233

Author(s):

A Saleh ◽

A Usman ◽

N.B Ibrahim ◽

S.E Abalaka ◽

N.A Sani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Administration ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Group Iv ◽

Group Iii ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Significant Toxicity ◽

Trema Orientalis ◽

Oral Doses

The present study was aimed at evaluating the clinicopathological changes due to oral administration of ethanol leaf extract of Trema orientalis (ELETO) in Jamnapari crossbred goats. The clinical manifestations, gross and histopathological changes in the major vital organs were used as indices of the toxicity. The severity of gross and microscopic changes were evaluated by scoring technique. Twenty goats weighing between 15-20kg were divided into four groups with five goats in each group in a completely randomized design. The test groups I, II, III were administered ELETO at the dosages of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0g/kg b.wt per os/day respectively, for 14 days while, group IV served as a control. Groups II and III showed decreased appetite whereas, group III showed bilateral congestion of ocular mucous membrane, lacrimation, rectal tenesmus and a significant decrease in body weight compared to control. The main gross and microscopic changes were mild to moderate and included; engorgement of the gall bladder, congestion and icteric liver, hepatocellular degeneration, vacuolation, necrosis and renal congestion observed mainly in group III goats. The results indicate that the ELETO was hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic at continued oral doses equal to or more than 2.0g/kg b.wt in goats but no significant toxicity when used at lowers doses. Therefore, special caution should be taken when keeping goats in areas with T. orientalis. Keywords: Ethanol extract, Trema orientalis, Clinicopathological changes, Goatsv

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PENGARUH SEDIAAN DEKOK DAUN ZAITUN (Olea europaea L.) TERHADAP PENURUNAN TEKANAN DARAH PADA TIKUS PUTIH GALUR WISTAR (Rattus norvegicus strain wistar) JANTAN YANG DIINDUKSI NATRIUM KLORIDA 5,5%

Herb-Medicine Journal ◽

10.30595/hmj.v3i3.7986 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 34

Author(s):

Fachri Mubarok ◽

Titik Kusumawinakhyu ◽

Yenni Bahar

Keyword(s):

Olea Europaea ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Group Iv ◽

Olive Leaf ◽

Group Iii ◽

Olea Europaea L ◽

Group I ◽

Post Test ◽

The Mean ◽

Olea Europaéa

According toWHOhypertension about 26.4% of world population who have suffered hypertension. It wouldprobably increase up to 29.2% in 2025. Usually,hypertension medical care uses convensional medicine, however itpossessessome side effects and could causecomplication.For that reason, herbal medicine is needed for safer andmore effective purpose. One of herbal medicines is olive leaf (Olea europea L).It aimed to figure out effect of oliveleaf extract (Olea europaea L.) on declining blood pressurein whitemale rat wistar strain (Rattus novergicus strainwistar) after 5.5% Natrium Chloride (NaCl) induction.24 of rats were divided into 4 groups of treatments and 5.5%NaCl inductions. Group I, as a control withaquadest treatment, Group II was inducted with 540 mgs of olive leafextract, Group III was inducted with 1080mgs of olive leaf extract, and Group IV was inducted with 2160 mgs ofolive leaf extract. Data were Analyzed byOne way ANOVA then followed with Post-hoc test using LeastSignificant Differences (LSD) test. From the group I, the mean of pretest was 117.83/150.83mmHg and the meanof post test was117.83/141.67 mmHg. Group II, the mean of pretest was 123.67/156,00 mmHg and the mean of posttest was87.00/116,00 mmHg. Group III, the mean of pretest was 123.50/156.83 mmHg and the mean of post testwasand the mean of post test was 81.67/112,50 mmHg. Group IV the mean of pretest was 119.00/156.50 mmHgandthe mean of post test was 80.00/105.00 mmHg.There were effects of olive leaf extract (Olea europaea L.) in 540mgs, 1080 mgs and 2160 mgs toblood pressure declining in white male rat wistar strain (Rattus novergicus strainwistar) after 5.5% NatriumChloride (NaCl) induction. The higest blood pressure declining was in Group IV of 2160mg olive leaf extractinduction.

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Respon Histopatologis Hepar Mencit (Mus musculus) yang Diinduksi Benzo(α)Piren terhadap Pemberian Taurin dan Ekstrak Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata)

Jurnal Natur Indonesia ◽

10.31258/jnat.16.2.54-63 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 54

Author(s):

Annisa Agata ◽

Endang Linirin Widiastuti ◽

G. Nugroho Susanto ◽

Sutyarso '

Keyword(s):

Mus Musculus ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Corn Oil ◽

Annona Muricata ◽

Group V ◽

Group Iii ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Group I

Cancer is a disease that is characterized by the existence of damage and cell abnormality in growth and differentiation. Liver cancer is a disorder of hepar tissue derivated from its tumors. Taurine is known as antioxidant but its role as anticancer needs to be explored more as well the role of Annona muricata leaf extract which is believed to have its role as anticancer substance. This research, therefore, aimed to explore the effect of taurine and Annona muricata leaf extract on the hepar histopathology of male mice (Mus musculus) induced by benzo(α)pyren in vivo. This research was carried out by using a complete randomized design, which consisted of 5 treatment groups which was repeated 5 times. Group I was given 0.2 mL corn oil for 15 days, group II was induced by benzo(α)pyren without taurin nor A. Muricata leaf extract for 10 days, group III was given 7.8 mg taurine/BW/day (twice a day) starting from the 15 th days before the induction of benzo(α)pyren, group IV, after induced with benzo(α)pyren, taurine was given with dosage of 7.8 mg/BW/day, group V, after induced with benzo(α)pyren, soursop leaf extract was given with amount of 277.8 mg/BW/day. Data analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test and one way ANOVA with Fisher test (p>0.05). The results indicated that taurine had ability to recover the liver tissue induced by benzo(α)pyren as (carcinogenic) while, Annona muricata leaf extract had not shown any recover of tissue damage

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GAMBARAN HISTOLOGI AORTA TIKUS WISTAR DENGAN DIET LEMAK BABI SETELAH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK DAUN SIRSAK (annona muricata L.)

Jurnal e-Biomedik ◽

10.35790/ebm.2.2.2014.4702 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Reinaldo Maramis ◽

Marie Kaseke ◽

G. N. Tanudjadja

Keyword(s):

Wistar Rats ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Foam Cell ◽

Foam Cells ◽

Control Group ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

Group Ii ◽

Lard Diet ◽

Control Group Group

Abstract: Soursop leaves contain several antioxidants e.g. flavonoid, vitamin C which have antiatherogenic effect that may inhibit the progression of atherosclerotic lession. The risk factor for atherosclerosis is the consumption of food containing highly saturated fatty acids e.g. lard. Low density Lipoproteins (LDL) will be accumulated within the intima and then be oxidized (LDL-ox). This substances ingested by macrophages, resulting in foam-cell formation. The aim of this study is to find out the histological feature of the aorta of wistar rats having lard diets without the addition of soursop leaf extract; having lard diets along with soursop leaf extract; and with which having lard diets followed by soursop extract. This study used experimental method study consisted of 16 wistar rats dividing into 4 groups: group I without treatment (negative control group), group II using lard diet for 14 days (positive control group), group III using lard diet diet with soursop leaf extract for 14 days (treatment group I), and group IV using lard diet for 14 days, and then followed by soursop leaf extract for 14 days (treatment group II). It was found that the aorta of group I showed foam cells in intima and media layers; in the group II showed foam cells in intima and media layers; group III and IV there were not foam cell in their intima and media layers. Summary: the aorta histological features of wistar rats being given lard diets for 14 days, showed foam cells in intima and media layers. Soursop leaf extract adding to lard diets had effect on decreasing foam cells formation (having protective effect), and the effect of giving lard diets following the addition soursop leaf extract showed a reduction of foam cells formation (having therapeutic effect). Keywords: soursop leaf, lard dietary, foam cell, wistar rat. Daun sirsak mengandung antioksidan (flavonoid, vitamin C) yang berefek anti-aterogenik, sehingga membuat daun sirsak berkhasiat untuk menghambat perkembangan lesi aterosklerosis. Faktor resiko penyebab aterosklerosis adalah mengonsumsi makanan yang mengandung asam lemak jenuh yang tinggi, antara lain lemak babi. Konsumsi lemak jenuh berlebih dapat mengganggu fungsi sel endotel, sehingga lipoprotein berdensitas rendah (LDL) dapat masuk dan menjadi LDL teroksidasi (LDL-oks). Makrofag menangkap LDL-oks dan menjadi sel busa (lesi dini aterosklerosis). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran histologi aorta tikus wistar dengan diet lemak babi tanpa pemberian ekstrak daun sirsak, diet lemak babi bersamaan dengan pemberian ekstrak daun sirsak, dan setelah diet lemak babi dilanjutkan pemberian ekstrak daun sirsak. Penelitian bersifat eksperimental. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 16 ekor tikus wistar yang dibagi menjadi empat kelompok: kelompok I tanpa perlakuan (kelompok kontrol negatif); kelompok II dengan diet lemak babi selama 14 hari (kelompok kontrol positif); kelompok III dengan diet lemak babi serta pemberian ekstrak daun sirsak selama 14 hari (kelompok perlakuan I); kelompok IV dengan diet lemak babi selama 14 hari, dilanjutkan pemberian ekstrak daun sirsak selama 14 hari (kelompok perlakuan II). Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan gambaran histologi aorta tikus wistar kelompok I tampak sel-sel busa pada lapisan intima dan media; pada kelompok II terdapat sel-sel busa; pada kelompok III dan IV tidak terdapat sel busa. Simpulan: tikus wistar dengan diet lemak babi selama 14 hari memperlihatkan gambaran histologi aorta tikus wistar terdapat sel busa pada tunika intima dan tunika media. Pemberian ekstrak daun sirsak bersamaan dengan diet lemak babi berefek menurunkan jumlah sel busa (efek protektif). Pemberian ekstrak daun sirsak setelah diet lemak babi selama 14 hari berefek mengurangi jumlah sel-sel busa yang terbentuk (efek terapi). Kata kunci: daun sirsak, diet lemak babi, tikus wistar.

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Effectiveness of Soursop Leaf Extract (Annona muricata l.) on IL-6 Levels in Mammary Sprague dawley Female Rats Induced by Staphylococcus aureus

Unnes Journal of Public Health ◽

10.15294/ujph.v9i1.30904 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 56-63

Author(s):

Feby Purnamasari ◽

Risfah Yulianty ◽

Syamsa Latief

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Group Iv ◽

Female Rats ◽

Annona Muricata ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Positive Bacterium ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

Nursing Mothers

Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive bacterium that causes inflammation such as mastitis in the breast. Breast mastitis can occur in nursing mothers and requires first aid or initial treatment. Herbal ingredients can be utilized because they are easily obtained and can be prepared by the community themselves. The study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of soursop leaf extract on IL-6 levels in mammae of female rats Sprague dawley induced by S. aureus. The study was divided into four groups consisting of five rats that were induced by S. aureus 2 x 107 CFU/ml. Group I was given 0.5% Na.CMC, Group II gave 45 mg/kgBW cefadroxil antibiotics, group III administered 100 mg / kgBW soursop leaf extract, and group IV administered soursop leaf extract combined with cefadroxil. Each group was given treatment twice a day for 5 days. IL-6 levels were measured on days 3 and 6. The results of this study showed IL-6 levels in group III were 7.50 ± 1.74 pg/ml on the 3rd day, and 4.51 ± 1.47 pg/ml on the 6th day. The results showed there were differences in IL-6 levels in group III (p = 0.037). Soursop leaf extract can be used as a therapy for mastitis caused by S. aureus.

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