scholarly journals DNA Polymorphisms as Potential Biomarkers of Thrombophilic Prognosis for COVID-19 Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyanny Paula Pinto da Costa Santos Fucci ◽  
Rubens Pitliuk ◽  
Ane Claudia Fernandes Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Complex Disease ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Dna Polymorphisms ◽  
Molecular Profile ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Coagulation Disorders ◽  
Molecular Variants ◽  
Important Approach ◽  
Appropriate Therapy ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a major issue of our times. Many aspects and features of this new and complex disease are being described on a daily basis. Major endpoints are systemic inflammation, markedly characterized by the cytokine storm, respiratory failure, and coagulation disorders, such as thrombophilia. In its terms, thrombophilia has a major impact on the COVID-19 prognosis. With regard to this, paying attention on molecular variants, such as DNA polymorphisms, epigenetic factors, and other biomarkers, could be an important approach to optimizing and personalizing the treatment of patients according to their inherited thrombotic features. This chapter brings an overview on the three major DNA polymorphisms associated with thrombophilia and proposes that these same biomarkers could be used in pretreatment screenings of patients with COVID-19 to seek the most appropriate therapy for each individual molecular profile.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and cytokine storm syndrome: can what we know about interleukin-6 in ovarian cancer be applied?

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Macciò ◽  
Sara Oppi ◽  
Clelia Madeddu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Advanced Ovarian Cancer ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Coagulation Disorders

AbstractImproving early diagnosis along with timely and effective treatment of COVID-19 are urgently needed. However, at present, the mechanisms underlying disease spread and development, defined prognosis, and immune status of patients with COVID-19 remain to be determined. Patients with severe disease state exhibit a hyperinflammatory response associated with cytokine storm syndrome, hypercoagulability, and depressed cell-mediated immunity. These clinical manifestations, sharing similar pathogenesis, have been well-studied in patients with advanced ovarian cancer. The present review suggests treatment approaches for COVID-19 based on strategies used against ovarian cancer, which shares similar immunopathology and associated coagulation disorders.The chronicization of the hyperinflammatory cytokine storm in patients with severe COVID-19 highlights a defective resistance phase that leads to aspecific chronic inflammation, associated with oxidative stress, which impairs specific T-cell response, induces tissue and endothelial damage, and thrombosis associated with systemic effects that lead to severe multi-organ failure and death. These events are similar to those observed in advanced ovarian cancer which share similar pathogenesis mediated primarily by Interleukin-6, which is, as well demonstrated in ovarian cancer, the key cytokine driving the immunopathology, related systemic symptoms, and patient prognosis.Consistent with findings in other disease models with similar immunopathology, such as advanced ovarian cancer, treatment of severe COVID-19 infection should target inflammation, oxidative stress, coagulation disorders, and immunodepression to improve patient outcome. Correctly identifying disease stages, based on available laboratory data, and developing a specific protocol for each phase is essential for effective treatment.

scholarly journals Microbiome, probiotics, and COVID-19: promising approaches to support innate and acquired immunity systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-75
Author(s):  
O. A. Gromova ◽  
I. Yu. Torshin ◽  
A. G. Chuchalin ◽  
V. A. Maksimov
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Acquired Immunity ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽  
Important Approach ◽  
Probiotic Strains

The gut microbiome is the main source of microorganisms for the formation of microbiomes of other organs and tissues. Dysbiosis of the intestine and lungs associated with COVID-19 leads to an increase in inflammatory reactions and stimulates the development of a cytokine storm through an increase in the activity of toll receptors. The patient’s intestinal dysbiosis facilitates the invasion of coronaviruses and intensifies inflammatory responses. Conversely, the progression of COVID-19 leads to increased dysbiosis in both the lungs and the intestines. Improving the microbiome through probiotic strains of bifido / lactobacilli and prebiotic substances is an important approach to mitigate the “wave” of COVID-19 at the population level.

scholarly journals Exploring potential biomarkers of coronary heart disease treated by Jing Zhi Guan Xin Pian using high-throughput metabolomics

RSC Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (20) ◽  
pp. 11420-11432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Sun ◽  
Xue-na Li ◽  
Ai-hua Zhang ◽  
Kun-ming Zhang ◽  
Guang-li Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Arterial Lumen ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a relatively complex disease characterized by narrowing of the arterial lumen and reduction of blood flow to the heart.

Identification of molecular biomarkers for ovarian cancer using computational approaches

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 742-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Lalremmawia ◽  
Basant K Tiwary
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Network Medicine ◽  
Overall Survival Rate ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
High Throughput Data ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Healthy Sample ◽  
Causes Of Mortality ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

Abstract Ovarian cancer is one of the major causes of mortality among women. This is partly because of highly asymptomatic nature, lack of reliable screening techniques and non-availability of effective biomarkers of ovarian cancer. The recent availability of high-throughput data and consequently the development of network medicine approach may play a key role in deciphering the underlying global mechanism involved in a complex disease. This novel approach in medicine will pave the way in translating the new molecular insights into an effective drug therapy applying better diagnostic, prognostic and predictive tests for a complex disease. In this study, we performed reconstruction of gene co-expression networks with a query-based method in healthy and different stages of ovarian cancer to identify new potential biomarkers from the reported biomarker genes. We proposed 17 genes as new potential biomarkers for ovarian cancer that can effectively classify a disease sample from a healthy sample. Most of the predicted genes are found to be differentially expressed between healthy and diseased states. Moreover, the survival analysis showed that these genes have a significantly higher effect on the overall survival rate of the patient than the established biomarkers. The comparative analyses of the co-expression networks across healthy and different stages of ovarian cancer have provided valuable insights into the dynamic nature of ovarian cancer.

scholarly journals Serum Ferritin Concentration in Corona Virus Disease 19

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
Samir Singh ◽  
Sujit Kumar Darnal ◽  
Arun Bahadur Chand
Keyword(s):  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Ferritin Level ◽  
Multiorgan Failure ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ferritin Concentration ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a complex disease responsible for the development of exacerbated inflammatory response (cytokine storm) that ultimately leads to multiorgan failure and death. Serum ferritin has been recently identified as one of the inflammatory markers responsible for the pro-inflammatory effects. Small amount of ferritin is present in plasma (15-150 ng/mL) which might increase with the severity of COVID-19. Therefore, measurement of ferritin is essential in identifying disease severity and predict disease prognosis. Objective: This study aims to assess the ferritin level in COVID-19 patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 259 COVID-19 patients visiting KIST Medical College and Teaching Hospital (KISTMCTH), Lalitpur, Nepal from November 2020 to April 2021. Serum ferritin was estimated in the automated Siemens ADVIA Centaur CP Chemiluminescence Immunoassay system. All the patients visiting KISTMCTH referred by clinician for ferritin assessment were included in this study. Data collected using the proforma tool was tabulated in SPSS 21 and statistical analysis was done by inferential statistical test. Results: Out of total 259 COVID-19 patients, 58.7% were male and the majority of patients (82.6%) were below 70 years of age. The mean age for all participants was 52.11±16.59 years. Hyperferritinemia was seen in 218 (84.16%) COVID -19 patients. The mean value of serum ferritin was 767.1±789.86 (IQR: 12.8-4590) ng/mL and was significantly higher in males (p<0.001). Comparing the mean values of ferritin between the patients below and above 70 years, no statistical difference was observed (p=0.872). Conclusions: In our study, serum ferritin levels were greatly increased in patients with COVID-19 infection. Keywords: Coronavirus disease 19; cytokine storm; inflammatory marker; serum ferritin.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Temozolomide-Treated and Non Temozolomide-Treated Glioblastoma Cells Released Extracellular Vesicles and Their Role in the Macrophage Response

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 8353
Author(s):  
Elisa Panzarini ◽  
Stefano Tacconi ◽  
Elisabetta Carata ◽  
Stefania Mariano ◽  
Ada Maria Tata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Molecular Profile ◽  
Surface Markers ◽  
Macrophage Response ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are widely investigated in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) for their involvement in regulating GBM pathobiology as well as for their use as potential biomarkers. EVs, through cell-to-cell communication, can deliver proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids that are able to reprogram tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). This research is aimed to concentrate, characterize, and identify molecular markers of EVs subtypes released by temozolomide (TMZ)-treated and non TMZ-treated four diverse GBM cells. Morphology, size distribution, and quantity of small (sEVs) and large (lEVs) vesicles were analyzed by cryo-TEM. Quality and quantity of EVs surface markers were evaluated, having been obtained by Western blotting. GBM cells shed a large amount of EVs, showing a cell line dependent molecular profile A comparative analysis distinguished sEVs and lEVs released by temozolomide (TMZ)-treated and non TMZ-treated GBM cells on the basis of quantity, size and markers expression. Finally, the GBM-derived sEVs and lEVs, irrespective of TMZ treatment, when challenged with macrophages, modulated cell activation toward a tendentially M2b-like phenotype.

Circulating microRNAs as Potential Biomarkers in Glioma: A Mini Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lavanya Choppavarapu ◽  
Sibin M. Kandi
Keyword(s):  
Glial Cells ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Micro Rna ◽  
Therapeutic Monitoring ◽  
Molecular Profile ◽  
Primary Glioblastoma ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

: Glioma comprises of a group of heterogeneous brain tumors originating from glial cells. Primary glioblastoma are among the most common glial cells that have a characteristic clinical and molecular profile. Advancement in the field of cancer research and inventions of various clinical methodologies couldn’t improve the median survival of this deadly tumor from 12 months. The development of a non-invasive prognostic biomarker in blood would be a revolution in the diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of this tumor. Extra cellular vesicles (Evs) are released from the tumor microenvironment into the blood, which contain the genetic material that represents the genetics of tumor cells. It is also seen that these Evs contain a variety of RNA population including miRNAs. Several studies identified that circulating cell free miRNAs, either free or present in Evs, could be considered as a potential biomarker in early diagnosis and prognosis of glioblastoma. Micro RNA studies in glioblastoma have found to be promising, as it reveals the biological pathway behind pathogenesis and helps in predicting the treatment targets. Literature says that various treatment methods change the type and quantity of miRNAs in biological fluids, which can be used to monitor the therapy. This review paper focuses on the role of circulating miRNAs as potential biomarkers in the diagnosis and clinical management of glioma patients.

scholarly journals Potential Biomarkers Associated with Multiple Sclerosis Pathology

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10323
Author(s):  
Deepali Mathur ◽  
Bikash Kumar Mishra ◽  
Soumyashree Rout ◽  
Francisco Jose Lopez-Iranzo ◽  
Gerardo Lopez-Rodas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Imaging Biomarkers ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that involves an intricate and aberrant interaction of immune cells leading to inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration. Due to the heterogeneity of clinical subtypes, their diagnosis becomes challenging and the best treatment cannot be easily provided to patients. Biomarkers have been used to simplify the diagnosis and prognosis of MS, as well as to evaluate the results of clinical treatments. In recent years, research on biomarkers has advanced rapidly due to their ability to be easily and promptly measured, their specificity, and their reproducibility. Biomarkers are classified into several categories depending on whether they address personal or predictive susceptibility, diagnosis, prognosis, disease activity, or response to treatment in different clinical courses of MS. The identified members indicate a variety of pathological processes of MS, such as neuroaxonal damage, gliosis, demyelination, progression of disability, and remyelination, among others. The present review analyzes biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood serum, the most promising imaging biomarkers used in clinical practice. Furthermore, it aims to shed light on the criteria and challenges that a biomarker must face to be considered as a standard in daily clinical practice.

scholarly journals Hypercoagulability in COVID-19: A review of the potential mechanisms underlying clotting disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 205031212110029
Author(s):  
Walid Alam
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Endothelial Damage ◽  
Severe Respiratory Failure ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Coagulation Disorders ◽  
Clotting Disorder ◽  
Von Willebrand ◽  
Willebrand Factor

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 has emerged as a new viral pandemic, causing Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) leading to a wide array of symptoms ranging from asymptomatic to severe respiratory failure. However, coagulation disorders have been found in some patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, leading to either a clotting disorder or hemorrhage. Several mechanisms attempt to explain the mechanism behind the pro-coagulant state seen with COVID-19 patients, including different receptor binding, cytokine storm, and direct viral endothelial damage. SARS-CoV-2 has also been recently found to bind to CLEC4M receptor, a receptor that participates in the clearance of von Willebrand Factor and Factor VIII. The competitive binding of SARS-CoV-2 to CLEC4M could lead to decreased clearance, and therefore a promotion of a pro-coagulative state; however, an experimental study needs to be done to prove such an association.

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