scholarly journals Assessment of Creativity: Theories and Methods

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esra Kanlı
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
Creative Thought ◽  
Creativity Assessment ◽  
History Of ◽  
External Forces ◽  
Assessment Of Creativity

The history of creativity assessment is as old as the concept itself. Researchers from various cultures and disciplines attempted to define the concept of creativity and offer a valid way to assess it. Creativity is generally defined as the ability to produce work that is novel and appropriate. Researchers in the field attempted to measure creativity from different perspectives and tried to answer the question like “What are the mental processes involved in creative thought?, Which personality traits are associated with creativity?, How can a product can be judged to be creative? and, What are the external forces that affect creativity?”. The answers of these questions constitute the most commonly used creativity assessment instruments. This chapter presents a brief overview on assessment of creativity through the eyes of the psychometric perspective and discusses the strengths and weaknesses of various instruments used in the field.

Claiming Spaces for Science

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-199
Author(s):  
Adam M. Sowards
Keyword(s):  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Professional Literature ◽  
Popular Discourse ◽  
Scientific Authority ◽  
Competing Demands ◽  
Complicated Process ◽  
History Of ◽  
External Forces ◽  
Reciprocal Process

Exploration has always centered on claims: for country, for commerce, for character. Claims for useful scientific knowledge also grew out of exploration’s varied activities across space and time. The history of the Canadian Arctic Expedition of 1913–18 exposes the complicated process of claim-making. The expedition operated in and made claims on many spaces, both material and rhetorical, or, put differently, in several natural and discursive spaces. In making claims for science, the explorer-scientists navigated competing demands on their commitments and activities from their own predilections and from external forces. Incorporating Arctic spaces into the Canadian polity had become a high priority during the era when the CAE traversed the Arctic. Science through exploration—practices on the ground and especially through scientific and popular discourse—facilitated this integration. So, claiming space was something done on the ground, through professional literature, and within popular narratives—and not always for the same ends. The resulting narrative tensions reveal the messy material, political, and rhetorical spaces where humans do science. This article demonstrates how explorer-scientists claimed material and discursive spaces to establish and solidify their scientific authority. When the CAE claimed its spaces in nature, nation, and narrative, it refracted a reciprocal process whereby the demands of environment, state, and discourse also claimed the CAE.

History of Neuropsychology in Asia

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatia M.C. Lee ◽  
Wang Kai ◽  
Simon L. Collinson
Keyword(s):  
Information Exchange ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Clinical Neuropsychology ◽  
The West ◽  
Multiple Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Rich ◽  
External Forces ◽  
Brain Behavior

Clinical neuropsychology in Asia has emerged from the interactions of multiple processes, including the development of psychology and its subdisciplines worldwide, the entering of psychology into Asia and ongoing intellectual influences from outside of Asia, indigenous responses to those external forces, and homegrown initiatives in studying brain-behavior relationships prior to and since the beginnings of modern neuropsychology. This chapter reviews the history of neuropsychology in China, Hong Kong, Singapore, and other Asian regions. With globalization and increasing ease of information exchange, neuropsychological practice in Asia will continue to be shaped by influence from the West interacting with the indigenization process to shape the development of neuropsychology in Asia. Rapid development of neuroscience leads to cutting-edge findings and discovery of brain-behavior relationships, which has and will continue to be one of the rich sources of information that guides and shapes neuropsychological practice in Asia and worldwide.

scholarly journals Utjecaj interpretacija pojma periferijske umjetnosti Ljube Karamana i Miroslava Krleže na dalmatinsku povijesti umjetnosti

2021 ◽  
pp. 498-510
Author(s):  
Ivana Prijatelj Pavičić
Keyword(s):  
Interwar Period ◽  
Art History ◽  
Central European ◽  
Cultural Paradigm ◽  
Miroslav Krleza ◽  
History Of ◽  
Artistic Styles ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
True Center ◽  
External Forces

Although the so-called „Vienna school“ practised an universalist approach to history of arts, their prominent acters like Alois Riegel and Max Dvořák influenced the nationalist ideas among the Central European art historians in the interwar period. An evident example of such an influence is Croatian art historian Ljubo Karaman (1886‒1971) ‒ a Vienna student who studied the art relations between center and periphery from early 1930s on. His thoughts on this topic were collected in his 1963 book Problemi periferijske umjetnosti. O djelovanju domaće sredine u umjetnosti hrvatskih krajeva (Problems of Peripheral Art. On Influence of Local Surrounding on the Art of the Croatian Areas). Colonial character of the Karaman’s definition of the center/periphery relation is clear in his notion that the dissemination and assimilation of the artistic styles is always one-way: from developed center to the province. His definition of „peripheral art“ appeared as a reaction to the works of famous „Vienna school“ scholars from early 20th century (particularly Polish-Austrian art historian Strzygowski). It is based on the idea of external, political and artistic influences in Dalmatia as external forces of artistic exchange. A prominent writer and encyclopaedist Miroslav Krleža turned upside-down the idea of the artistic transfer from the advanced West toward underdeveloped East/Balkans as a periphery at the edge of civilisation. In his discussion on the Second Congress of writers in Zagreb he promoted the idea of the periphery as a true center. During 1950s, Krleža strongly influenced the formation of a new cultural paradigm, and forging of the new scientific paradigm within art history in Croatia. In her paper, the author explores how texts of the Croatian art-history scholars regarding ancient Dalmatian art were influenced by Karaman’s and Krleža’s ideas and concepts on peripheral, provincial, and border-line art.

Knowledge in the Psychology of Thinking and Mathematics

2010 ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Xenia Naidenova
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Construction ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Human Reasoning ◽  
Logical Inference ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
Past Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Mathematics

This chapter offers a view on the history of developing the concepts of knowledge and human reasoning both in mathematics and psychology. Mathematicians create the formal theories of correct thinking; psychologists study the cognitive mechanisms that underpin knowledge construction and thinking as the most important functions of human existence. They study how the human mind works. The progress in understanding human knowledge and thinking will be undoubtedly related to combining the efforts of scientists in these different disciplines. Believing that it is impossible to study independently the problems of knowledge and human reasoning we strive to cover in this chapter the central ideas of knowledge and logical inference that have been manifested in the works of outstanding thinkers and scientists of past time. These ideas reveal all the difficulties and obstacles on the way to comprehending the human mental processes.

Transplantation

Cinema, MD ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 171-192
Author(s):  
Eelco F.M. Wijdicks
Keyword(s):  
Transplant Recipient ◽  
Heart Transplantation ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Organ Donors ◽  
Transplant Tourism ◽  
History Of

For many of us the heart is still symbolic of the soul. Therefore, the advent of heart transplantation opened up new avenues for movie plots. The experience of the transplant recipient has captured screenwriters’ attention. Screenwriters are intrigued by the complexity of heart transplantation and, with it, themes based on the centrality of the heart in emotions, the possibility of a donor’s personality traits being transmitted to the recipient, quests to find the donor’s family and cloning organ donors to treat complex disease. Transplant tourism and trafficking are other commonly covered topics. This chapter reviews the history of transplantation and connects it with its cinematic representations– from horrific to compassionate.

A ROLE FOR CONJOINT ANALYSIS IN TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT IN HEALTH CARE?

1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandy Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Conjoint Analysis ◽  
Technology Assessment ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Services Research ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
History Of

The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the use of conjoint analysis (CA) in health services research. Conjoint analysis is first explained, with emphasis on the history of the technique, followed by an explanation of how to carry out such a study and how the results from such a study can be used. The technique is demonstrated with reference to a study that looks at the benefits of in vitro fertilization. It is shown how CA can be used to estimate the relative importance of attributes, the trade-offs individuals make between these attributes, willingness to pay if cost is included as an attribute, and utility or benefit scores for different ways of providing a service. The paper then considers the potential advantages of CA over other, more commonly used benefit assessment instruments. Finally, there is discussion of the issues raised in the design and analysis of CA studies. It is concluded that these issues must be addressed before the technique becomes an established instrument for technology assessment.

Physical Activity Participation in Older Adults: A Comparison of Competitors, Noncompetitors, and Nonexercisers

1997 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina L. Smith ◽  
Martha Storandt
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Competitive Sports ◽  
Sports Involvement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Reducing Stress

Histories of competitive sports involvement, health beliefs, reasons for exercising, and personality were compared across three groups of older adults who varied according to involvement in physical activity. Based on questionnaire responses, 246 participants were classified as competitors, noncompetitors. or nonexercisers. Competitors exhibited a lifelong history of sports participation. Although nonexercisers and noncompetitors participated in sports during their childhood and teenage years, their involvement in competition decreased noticeably in their 20s and remained low throughout adulthood. Competitors rated exercise significantly more important than did nonexercisers and non-competitors and had more varied reasons for exercising. Nonexercisers considered reducing stress and improving mood to be less important reasons for exercising than competitors and noncompetitors. All three groups were found to possess high levels of positive and low levels of negative personality traits.

Differences in personality characteristics between body‐modified and non‐modified individuals: associations with individual personality traits and their possible evolutionary implications

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 931-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silke Wohlrab ◽  
Jutta Stahl ◽  
Thomas Rammsayer ◽  
Peter M. Kappeler
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Body Modification ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Body Piercing ◽  
Individual Personality ◽  
History Of ◽  
Body Modifications

After a long history of negative stigmatisation, the practices of tattooing and body piercing have become fashionable in the last decade. Today, 10% of the population in modern western societies have some form of body modification. The aim of this study was to quantify the demographic and personality traits of tattooed and pierced individuals and to compare them with a control group of individuals without body modifications. These comparisons are based on questionnaires completed by 359 individuals that investigate the details of body modification, and which incorporate five personality scales. We describe several sex differences in ornament style and location. We found no relevant differences between modified and non‐modified individuals in relation to demographic variables. This indicates that some of the traditional attitudes towards tattoos and piercings appear to be outdated. However, we found striking differences in personality traits which suggest that body‐modified individuals are greater sensation seekers and follow a more unrestricted mating strategy than their non‐modified contemporaries. We discuss these differences in light of a potential signalling function of tattoos and piercings in the mating context. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Contributions to the History of Psychology: XXXIX. T. V. Moore and His Cognitive Psychology of 1939

1985 ◽  
Vol 57 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1311-1316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry J. Knapp
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
History Of Psychology ◽  
Psychological Perspective ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Work Interaction

In 1939 Thomas Verner Moore authored a book entitled Cognitive Psychology which shared many commonalities with the psychological perspective that emerged under the same name 25 years later. Moore rejected the behaviorism of his day, took knowing as the fundamental problem of psychology, employed reaction time procedures to differentiate among mental processes, and was committed to representationalism as an epistemology. His career, early experimental work, interaction with E. C. Tolman, and textbook are discussed.

scholarly journals Exploring Personality Features in Patients with Affective Disorders and History of Suicide Attempts: A Comparative Study with Their Parents and Control Subjects

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Camarena ◽  
Ana Fresán ◽  
Emmanuel Sarmiento
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
History Of

Personality traits are important candidate predictors of suicidal behavior. Several studies have reported an association between personality/temperament traits and suicidal behavior, suggesting personality traits as intermediary phenotypes related to suicidal behavior. Thus, it is possible that suicide attempts can be accounted for by increased familial rates of risk personality traits. The aim of this work was to evaluate personality traits in affective disorder patients with attempted suicide and to compare them with the personality trait scores of their parents. In addition, ITC scores in the two groups were compared with a healthy control sample. The patients evaluated met the DSM-IV criteria for major depression disorder or dysthymia and had a documented history of suicide attempts. Psychiatric diagnoses of patients and parents were done according to the SCID-I and the personality was assessed using the Temperament and Character Inventory. We analyzed 49 suicide attempt subjects and their parents (n=95) and 89 control subjects. We observed that temperament and character dimensions were similar between patients and their parents (P>0.05). In particular, we observed that high HA and low P, SD, and CO were shared among families. Our study is the first to report that the personality traits of affective disorder patients with a history of attempted suicide are shared between patients and their parents.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document