scholarly journals Functional Fermented Beverage Prepared from Germinated White Kidney Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Veber ◽  
Dorota Zaręba ◽  
Małgorzata Ziarno
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Propionic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Food Market ◽  
Fermented Beverage ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
B Vitamin

The current demand for plant-based food indicates that the food market is providing alternatives for products that are currently commercially available. This chapter discusses the possible use of germinated bean seeds as a raw material in the production of substitutes for dairy products, including fermented ones. Beans are a valuable source of easily digestible protein, carbohydrates, minerals, and various vitamins (e.g., B vitamin group). They also contain significant amounts of fiber which affects the proper functioning of the digestive system and antioxidant compounds. The fat content is low and is estimated to be around only 1–2%. However, it is mainly (about 70%) constituted by unsaturated fatty acids, including the polyunsaturated ones such as linoleic acid or linolenic acid, which are desirable in the human diet for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases or cancer. Biological processes such as germination or fermentation may improve the nutritional value of bean seeds (by increasing the content, digestibility, and bioavailability of some nutrients and by eliminating undesirable components) and deliver live cells of prohealth bacteria (lactic acid bacteria, propionic acid bacteria, or bifidobacteria).

scholarly journals Chemical Properties and Fatty Acid Composition of Palado Seed Oil (Aglaia sp) Extracted Using Chloroform Solvent

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syamsul RAHMAN ◽  
Salengke Salengke ◽  
Abu Bakar TAWALI ◽  
Meta MAHENDRADATTA
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Food Ingredients

Palado (Aglaia sp) is a plant that grows wild in the forest around Mamuju regency of West Sulawesi, Indonesia. This plant is locally known as palado. Palado seeds (Aglaia sp) can be used as a source of vegetable oil because it contains approximately 14.75 % oil, and it has the potential to be used as food ingredients or as raw material for oil production. The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical properties and the composition of fatty acids contained in palado seed oil (Aglaia sp). The employed method involved the use of palado fruit that had been processed to be palado seed and undergoing flouring process. Palado flour was produced by the extraction process by using chloroform solvent with the soxhlet method. The characteristics of the chemical properties in the oil produced were analyzed by using a standard method, including iodine, saponification, and acid values. The analysis of fatty acid composition was conducted by using gas chromatography. The results showed that palado oil extracted with hexane had an iodine value of 15.38 mg/g, saponification value of 190.01 mg KOH/g, and acids value of 1.961 mg KOH/g. The fatty acid composition of the palado seed oil consisted of saturated fatty acids (41.601 %), which included palmitic acid (41.062 %), myristic acid (0.539 %), and unsaturated fatty acids (45.949 %), which included mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) such as (22.929 %), oleic acid and poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which was linoleic acid (23.020 %).

scholarly journals Production of Unsaturated Fatty Acids Concentrate Tablets from Sardinella sp. Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 03008
Author(s):  
Rodiah Nurbaya Sari ◽  
Hari Eko Irianto ◽  
Ema Hastarini
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Solid Dosage Forms ◽  
Fixed Angle ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Solid Dosage ◽  
Size Uniformity

Tablets are medicinal ingredients in solid dosage forms which are usually prepared with suitable pharmaceutical ingredients. In this study, unsaturated fatty acids concentrate from Sardinella sp. oil was used as raw material and then it was microencapsulated. The microcapsule was formulated into a tablet with proportion of 250 mg concentrated unsaturated fatty acids for each 450 mg tablet. Tablet granules were analyzed for compressibility, flow rate, and fixed angle. While, the tablets were determined for weight uniformity, released time, hardness, and tablet size uniformity. The results showed that compressibility, flow rate and fixed angle of the tablet granules were 5.6%; 10.36 g/sec; and 32.4° respectively. Tablets had 447.85 mg weight uniformity; 48’12” released time; and 0.775 kg hardness. In addition, the tablet size uniformity with diameter 10 mm and thickness 4 mm was 2.5. Based on the pharmacopoeia, the tablets of unsaturated fatty acids concentrate from Sardinella sp. oil had met these requirements, but optimization was still needed for improving the released time and hardness of the tablet.

scholarly journals A Research on Determination of Some Properties of Butter Made from Creams Extracted from Whey and Milk

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Asya Çetinkaya
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Milk Whey ◽  
Production Parameters ◽  
Butter Production

In this study, it was aimed to determine the effect of some production parameters on the characteristics of butters made from whey, which is an important dairy by-product, and creams obtained from milk. The acidity values of milk, whey, cream, and butter were respectively detected as 0.17±0.00%, 0.13±0.01%, 0.22±0.01%, 0.24±0.01%, 0.26±0.00%, 0.25±0.01%, fat values were respectively detected as; 3.50±0.14%, 0.60±0.19%, 39.0±0.34%, 43.0±0.35%, 80.0±0.46%, 84.0±0.42% and protein values were respectively detected as; 3.30±0.19%, 0.68±0.03%, 0.93±0.12%, 0.54±0.03%, 0.51±0.02%, 0.58±0.00%. 10 saturated and 7 unsaturated fatty acids were detected in cream and whey butter samples. It was seen that the most common fatty acids were palmitic, stearic, myristic and oleic acid, and the amount of oleic, stearic and linoleic acid was higher in whey butter. In conclusion, we can state that whey, which is an important dairy residue, can be used as an alternative raw material in butter production.

scholarly journals Biodiesel I: Historical background, present and future production and standards - professional paper

2004 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejan Skala ◽  
Sandra Glisic
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Plant Oil ◽  
Future Production

Biodiesel is defined as a fuel which may be used as pure biofuel or at high concentration in mineral oil derivatives, in accordance with specific quality standards for transport applications. The main raw material used for biodiesel production is rapeseed, which contains mono-unsaturated acids (about 60%) and also poly-unsaturated fatty acids (C 18:1 and C 18:3) in a lower quantity, as well as some undesired saturated fatty acids (palmitic and stearic acids). Other raw materials have also been used in research and the industrial production of biodiesel (palm oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil, waste plant oil, animal fats, etc). The historical background of biodiesel production, installed industrial capacities, as well as the Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council (May 2003) regarding the promotion of the use of biofuels or other renewable fuels for transport are discussed in the first part of this article. The second part focuses on some new concepts for the future development of technology for biodiesel production, based on the application of non-catalytic transesterification under supercritical conditions or the use of lipases as an alternative catalyst for this reaction.

scholarly journals Composition of Fatty Acids in Evaluation of Sea Cucumber Potency for Nutraceutical Product Development

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Rini Susilowati ◽  
Asri Pratitis ◽  
Hedi Indra Januar
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Product Development ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Resonance Method ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Method ◽  
Fatty Acids Composition

Unsaturated fatty acid in food has an effect to improve human health, while saturated fatty acid has the opposite impact. Ratio between both types of fatty acids is important to evaluate the biological material for nutraceutical product development. This paper aimed to evaluate the nutraceutical potency of sea cucumber from Kendari Bay Waters, South East Sulawesi, based on their fatty acids composition. The analysis was conducted by the 1H-NMR (Hidrogen-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) method. Several species within 4 genera (Holothuria, Bohadschia, Actinopyga, and Stichopus) were selected as the subject of the study. Comparison of fatty acid composition has been done in genera level, the preliminary study found that variation between species among the same genera was insignificant (p >0.05). Results of the study detected that Holothuria contained with an even ratio of Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA) and Saturated Fatty Acids (SFA), but Actinopyga was detected with low PUFA/SFA ratio. It may suggest that Holothuria from this region is the most potential raw material for nutraceutical product development. Meanwhile, precaution is needed for genera that contained with low PUFA/SFA ratio. Furthermore, comparison with other studies detected that fatty acids composition is not morphological specific, but vary, according to food viability, environmental and geographic location. Therefore, preliminary screening is important in evaluation of sea cucumber material for nutraceutical product development.  

scholarly journals THE FATTY ACID AND MINERAL COMPOSITION HERBS PICRIS HIERACIOIDES L.

2017 ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
Валентина (Valentina) Николаевна (Nikolaevna) Бубенчикова (Bubenchikova) ◽  
Ирина (Irina) Владимировна (Vladimirovna) Степнова (Stepnova)
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
The Family ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
Active Substances

As the object of the study, the herb of Picris hieracioides L., the family of the Asteraceae, widely grown in the middle belt of the European part of Russia, was chosen. Picris hieracioides L. has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, cytostatic activity. However, its chemical composition has not been studied sufficiently.Biologically active substances responsible for these types of pharmacological activity are not established. The purpose of this study was to study the fatty acid and mineral composition of the herb Picris hieracioides L., harvested in the Kursk region in 2016 during the flowering period of the plant. Gas chromatography / mass spectrometry identified 16 fatty acids, with long chains of from 12 to 24 carbon atoms. Fatty acids are represented by saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, among which saturated (53.42%): palmitic (2479,38 mg/kg) and myristic (867,79 mg/kg). Unsaturated fatty acids are dominated by polyunsaturated fatty acids: linoleic (1543,87 mg/kg) and linolenic (2354,65 mg/kg). The study of the mineral composition by the method of emission spectral analysis showed the presence of 25 mineral elements. Among the macroelements is dominated by potassium. Among the trace elements, a high content of Cu, Zn, Ba, Mn, Sr, Ti, Fe, B, Al, Si is noted. It was found that the content of lead does not exceed the maximum permissible concentration for tea and herbal raw material.

scholarly journals Nutritional Properties and In Vitro Antidiabetic Activities of Blue and Yellow Corn Extracts: A Comparative Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Aleksandra J. Smorowska ◽  
Anna K. Żołnierczyk ◽  
Agnieszka Nawirska-Olszańska ◽  
Józef Sowiński ◽  
Antoni Szumny
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Yellow Corn ◽  
Blue Corn

The objective of this research was to designate and identify the profile of fatty acids, sterols, and polyphenol compounds and to demonstrate the antidiabetic activity, in blue corn extracts (BCE) in comparison with the yellow variant of this raw material. All of the maize lines, including the blue corn, were grown in Europe (southwestern part of Poland) and not in the place of origin (South America). In the extracts of the blue corn variety, eight anthocyanin compounds were isolated. The compound found in the largest amount was pelargonidin, followed by cyanidin-3-glucoside and other glycoside derivatives. Unsaturated fatty acids were the main ones found in the lipid fraction of blue and yellow corn, including linoleic acid and oleic acid. Saturated fatty acids, such as stearic and palmitic acid, were present in smaller amounts. The blue corn’s sterol profile was similar to other varieties of this corn, with β-sitosterol and campesterol occurring in the largest amount, alongside smaller amounts of stigmastanol and stigmasterol. The blue corn variety was characterized by a high content of polyphenolic compounds, which show several biological activities, including antidiabetic activity. The strongest in vitro antidiabetic effect was found in the blue corn lines. Among the polyphenolic compounds in both the blue and yellow corn varieties, in the largest amounts, were caffeic acid, procyanidin B2, and gallic acid. Despite the known and proven biological activity of polyphenolic compounds, the fat fraction showed the highest in vitro antidiabetic activity in the BCE studied.

GC-MS and LC-MS based phytochemical profiling and quantification of Mangiferin in six species of Salacia from the Western Ghats of India

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 132-148
Author(s):  
Sheetal Ganapati Kamat ◽  
Vasudeva R ◽  
Chandrashekhar G Patil
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Western Ghats Of India ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds

The Salacia is a genus of plants in the family Celastraceae belongs to the ma-jor group Angiosperms. Several species in this genus have been used in tradi-tional medicine. Very limited phytochemical studies have been reported so far in Salacia from Western Ghats of Karnataka. Hence the aim of the pre-sent study was to screen the phytochemical compounds and quantitative analysis of mangiferin content in six species of Salacia. Which were found to be adequate to evaluate the raw material and can also be used as reference standards for the quality control/quality assurance purposes. The quantita-tive profiling of phytochemicals were analysed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and the concentration of mangiferin compound present in stem and root samples were quantified using High performance liquid chromatography method. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of a vast array of phytoconstituents such as fatty acids, saturated hydrocarbons, het-erocyclic compounds associated with different plant parts. HPLC analysis has shown the presence of mangiferin in all the six species of Salacia, whereas S. chinensis root extract showed highest quantity of mangiferin. S. malabarica, S. oblonga and S. gambleana leaf extract contains the important unsaturated fatty acids and vitamin d-alpha tocopherol which have proven to attenuate oxidative stress and having anti-inflammatory effects. It can be noted that S. chinensis and S. oblonga extract contains higher level of poly unsaturated phytochemical compounds. The study identified that S. chinensis and S. ob-longa could be the most promising raw material for anti-diabetic drug formu-lations based on the phytoconstituent and mangiferin content.

scholarly journals Variation Patterns of the Volatiles during Germination of the Foxtail Millet (Setaria Italic): The Relationship between the Volatiles and Fatty Acids in Model Experiments

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 1238 ◽  
Author(s):  
PengLiang Li ◽  
Yin Zhu ◽  
ShaoHui Li ◽  
AiXia Zhang ◽  
Wei Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Model Experiments ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry

Functional and nutritional compounds are increased during foxtail millet germination while bad smell is produced due to the fatty acid oxidation. To eliminate the unpleasant aroma, the origins of the volatiles must be known. A comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry showed forty-nine volatiles containing 8 ketones, 10 aldehydes, 20 alkanes, 4 alcohols, 5 alkenes, and 2 furans were tentatively identified, and they increased during the germination of the foxtail millet. To identify the origin of some volatiles, model experiments by adding 6 fatty acids to the crude enzymes of the foxtail millet was designed, and 17 volatiles could be detected. The saturated fatty acids (palmitic acid and stearic acid) had no contributions to the formation of the volatiles, whereas the unsaturated fatty acid played important roles in the formation of volatiles. Among the unsaturated fatty acids, palmitoleic acid and linoleic acid produced most aldehydes, alcohols, and ketones, while linolenic acid produced the most alkanes and alkenes. This study will be helpful for controlling the smell of germinated seeds from the raw material selection.

scholarly journals BIOLOGICAL ACTIVE COMPOUNDS SALSOLA TRAGUS L. (CHENOPODIACEAE) AS A PROMISING PHARMACOLOGICAL OBJECT OF UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2(49)) ◽  
pp. 23-42
Author(s):  
N. A. Kyrylenko ◽  
F. P. Tkachenko ◽  
О. О. Molodchenkova ◽  
S. V. Baieva
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Biologically Active Compounds ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Active Compounds

Introduction. Evaluation of high-quality composition and content of biologically active compounds of Salsola tragus grass as promising raw materials for the pharmaceutical industry. Aim. To determine the chemical composition of the above-ground part of the Black Sea species of S. tragus for the purpose of its use in medicine. Materials and Methods. The study of biologically active compounds S. tragus were conducted in the summer of 2020. Grass samples were collected along the field road near the coast of the Tiligul estuary. The above-ground biomass of this species was analysed. The total content of lipids and their fatty acid composition, the content of carbohydrates, phenolic compounds and their derivatives were studied by generally accepted methods. The acidity titre was determined using a solution of oxalic acid. Main results. 11 compounds of phenolic nature, among which 5 phenoloxides (ferulic, cinnamic, caffeic, gallic and chicoric), 1 coumarin (esculetin) and 5 flavonoids (quercetin, rutin, luteolin-7-glucoside, hyperoside, hesperedin) were identified and quantitatively determined. Ferulic and gallic acid prevail among phenolic acids. Among the flavonoids luteoline-7-glucoside and hesperedin prevailed. Grass S. tragus was quite rich on lipid components. In their composition, 8 fatty acids were found. The content was dominated by unsaturated fatty acids with the domination of linoleic and oleic acids – 27.67 and 19.27 % respectively. The largest content among the investigated biologically active compounds of S. tragus belongs to the total carbohydrates (8.31%). The titre of raw material was 1.8%. Conclusions. On the basis of a comprehensive study of biologically active compounds of grass S. Tragus it is possible to conclude that it can be used as a source of phenolic compounds, in particular flavonoids having a significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antimony activity, and oleic acid, which positively affects the exchange of cholesterol and essential fatty acids (ω-3 and ω-6) for the production of new phytomedications.

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