THE FATTY ACID AND MINERAL COMPOSITION HERBS PICRIS HIERACIOIDES L.

As the object of the study, the herb of Picris hieracioides L., the family of the Asteraceae, widely grown in the middle belt of the European part of Russia, was chosen. Picris hieracioides L. has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, cytostatic activity. However, its chemical composition has not been studied sufficiently.Biologically active substances responsible for these types of pharmacological activity are not established. The purpose of this study was to study the fatty acid and mineral composition of the herb Picris hieracioides L., harvested in the Kursk region in 2016 during the flowering period of the plant. Gas chromatography / mass spectrometry identified 16 fatty acids, with long chains of from 12 to 24 carbon atoms. Fatty acids are represented by saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, among which saturated (53.42%): palmitic (2479,38 mg/kg) and myristic (867,79 mg/kg). Unsaturated fatty acids are dominated by polyunsaturated fatty acids: linoleic (1543,87 mg/kg) and linolenic (2354,65 mg/kg). The study of the mineral composition by the method of emission spectral analysis showed the presence of 25 mineral elements. Among the macroelements is dominated by potassium. Among the trace elements, a high content of Cu, Zn, Ba, Mn, Sr, Ti, Fe, B, Al, Si is noted. It was found that the content of lead does not exceed the maximum permissible concentration for tea and herbal raw material.

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Chemical Properties and Fatty Acid Composition of Palado Seed Oil (Aglaia sp) Extracted Using Chloroform Solvent

Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST) ◽

10.48048/wjst.2021.10587 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Syamsul RAHMAN ◽

Salengke Salengke ◽

Abu Bakar TAWALI ◽

Meta MAHENDRADATTA

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Raw Material ◽

Food Ingredients

Palado (Aglaia sp) is a plant that grows wild in the forest around Mamuju regency of West Sulawesi, Indonesia. This plant is locally known as palado. Palado seeds (Aglaia sp) can be used as a source of vegetable oil because it contains approximately 14.75 % oil, and it has the potential to be used as food ingredients or as raw material for oil production. The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical properties and the composition of fatty acids contained in palado seed oil (Aglaia sp). The employed method involved the use of palado fruit that had been processed to be palado seed and undergoing flouring process. Palado flour was produced by the extraction process by using chloroform solvent with the soxhlet method. The characteristics of the chemical properties in the oil produced were analyzed by using a standard method, including iodine, saponification, and acid values. The analysis of fatty acid composition was conducted by using gas chromatography. The results showed that palado oil extracted with hexane had an iodine value of 15.38 mg/g, saponification value of 190.01 mg KOH/g, and acids value of 1.961 mg KOH/g. The fatty acid composition of the palado seed oil consisted of saturated fatty acids (41.601 %), which included palmitic acid (41.062 %), myristic acid (0.539 %), and unsaturated fatty acids (45.949 %), which included mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) such as (22.929 %), oleic acid and poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which was linoleic acid (23.020 %).

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Hindering of Cariogenic Streptococcus mutans Biofilm by Fatty Acid Array Derived from an Endophytic Arthrographis kalrae Strain

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom10050811 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 811 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marwa M. Abdel-Aziz ◽

Tamer Emam ◽

Marwa M. Raafat

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Extracellular Polysaccharide ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Exopolysaccharides Production

Streptococcus mutans has been considered as the major etiological agent of dental caries, mostly due to its arsenal of virulence factors, including strong biofilm formation, exopolysaccharides production, and high acid production. Here, we present the antivirulence activity of fatty acids derived from the endophytic fungus Arthrographis kalrae isolated from Coriandrum sativum against Streptococcus mutans. The chemical composition of the fatty acids was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry GC-MS and revealed nine compounds representing 99.6% of fatty acids, where unsaturated and saturated fatty acids formed 93.8% and 5.8 % respectively. Oleic and linoleic acids were the major unsaturated fatty acids. Noteworthy, the fatty acids at the concentration of 31.3 mg L–1 completely inhibited Streptococcus mutans biofilm, and water insoluble extracellular polysaccharide production in both polystyrene plates, and tooth model assay using saliva-coated hydroxyapatite discs. Inhibition of biofilm correlated significantly and positively with the inhibition of water insoluble extracellular polysaccharide (R = 1, p < 0.0001). Furthermore, Arthrographis kalrae fatty acids at a concentration of 7.8 mg L–1 exhibited acidogenesis-mitigation activity. They did not show bactericidal activity against Streptococcus mutans and cytotoxic activity against human oral fibroblast cells at the concentration used. On the other hand, saliva-coated hydroxyapatite discs treated with sub-minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration of fatty acids showed disturbed biofilm architecture with a few unequally distributed clumped matrices using fluorescence microscopy. Our findings revealed that the intracellular fatty acid arrays derived from endophytic Arthrographis kalrae could contribute to the biofilm-preventing alternatives, specifically Streptococcus mutans biofilms.

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Composition of Fatty Acids in Evaluation of Sea Cucumber Potency for Nutraceutical Product Development

SQUALEN Bulletin of Marine and Fisheries Postharvest and Biotechnology ◽

10.15578/squalen.v11i2.238 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 69

Author(s):

Rini Susilowati ◽

Asri Pratitis ◽

Hedi Indra Januar

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Product Development ◽

Sea Cucumber ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Resonance Method ◽

Raw Material ◽

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Method ◽

Fatty Acids Composition

Unsaturated fatty acid in food has an effect to improve human health, while saturated fatty acid has the opposite impact. Ratio between both types of fatty acids is important to evaluate the biological material for nutraceutical product development. This paper aimed to evaluate the nutraceutical potency of sea cucumber from Kendari Bay Waters, South East Sulawesi, based on their fatty acids composition. The analysis was conducted by the 1H-NMR (Hidrogen-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) method. Several species within 4 genera (Holothuria, Bohadschia, Actinopyga, and Stichopus) were selected as the subject of the study. Comparison of fatty acid composition has been done in genera level, the preliminary study found that variation between species among the same genera was insignificant (p >0.05). Results of the study detected that Holothuria contained with an even ratio of Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA) and Saturated Fatty Acids (SFA), but Actinopyga was detected with low PUFA/SFA ratio. It may suggest that Holothuria from this region is the most potential raw material for nutraceutical product development. Meanwhile, precaution is needed for genera that contained with low PUFA/SFA ratio. Furthermore, comparison with other studies detected that fatty acids composition is not morphological specific, but vary, according to food viability, environmental and geographic location. Therefore, preliminary screening is important in evaluation of sea cucumber material for nutraceutical product development.

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Analysis Fatty Acids Profile in Tabanus bivittatus Mats with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

The Open Biotechnology Journal ◽

10.2174/1874070701509010113 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 113-118

Author(s):

Wang Yanhua ◽

Wu Fuhua ◽

Guo Zhaohan ◽

Peng Mingxing ◽

Xia Min ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Palmitoleic Acid ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Methyl Esters ◽

Soxhlet Extraction ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Fatty Acids Profile ◽

Total Fatty Acids

Tabanus bivittatus Mats., a traditional Chinese medicine, is commonly used for cardiovascular disorders treatment including atherosclerosis. There have been only a few researches on its chemical components, and no detailed report has appeared on its fatty acids. To develop a simple and effective method for the extraction of total fatty acids from Tabanus bivittatus Mats., the Soxhlet extraction (SE) condition was optimized with response surface methodology. The fatty acid composition of the extract were determined by GC-MS with previous derivatization to fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs). The major fatty acids in Tabanus bivittatus Mats. were oleic acid, palmitic acid, linoleic acid, palmitoleic acid, and stearic acid, and the unsaturated fatty acids occupy 63.9% of the total fatty acids.

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Fatty Acid Profile, Tocopherol Content of Seed Oil, and Nutritional Analysis of Seed Cake of Wood Apple (Limonia acidissima L.), an Underutilized Fruit-Yielding Tree Species

Horticulturae ◽

10.3390/horticulturae7090275 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (9) ◽

pp. 275

Author(s):

Shrinivas Lamani ◽

Konerira Aiyappa Anu-Appaiah ◽

Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy ◽

Yaser Hassan Dewir ◽

Hail Z. Rihan

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Seed Cake ◽

Limonia Acidissima

The present study was aimed at analyzing the fatty acid composition, tocopherols, and physico-chemical characterization of wood apple (Limonia acidissima L.) seed oil and the nutritional profile of seed cake. The fatty acids in seed oil were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the total seed oil was 32.02 ± 0.08%, comprising oleic (21.56 ± 0.57%), alpha-linolenic (16.28 ± 0.29%), and linoleic acid (10.02 ± 0.43%), whereas saturated fatty acid content was 33.38 ± 0.60% including palmitic (17.68 ± 0.65%) and stearic acid (14.15 ± 0.27%). A greater amount of unsaturated fatty acids (52.37%) were noticed compared to saturated fatty acids (33.38%); hence the seed is highly suitable for nutritional and industrial applications. Gamma-tocopherol was present in a higher quantity (39.27 ± 0.07 mg/100 g) as compared to alpha (12.64 ± 0.01 mg/100 g) and delta (3.77 ± 0.00 mg/100 g) tocopherols, which are considered as natural antioxidants. The spectrophotometric technique was used for quantitative analysis of total phenolic content, and it revealed 135.42 ± 1.47 mg gallic acid equivalent /100 g DW in seed cake. All the results of the studied seed oil and cake showed a good source of natural functional ingredients for several health benefits.

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GC-MS and LC-MS based phytochemical profiling and quantification of Mangiferin in six species of Salacia from the Western Ghats of India

South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.38150/sajeb.8(4).p132-148 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 132-148

Author(s):

Sheetal Ganapati Kamat ◽

Vasudeva R ◽

Chandrashekhar G Patil

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Western Ghats ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Alpha Tocopherol ◽

Raw Material ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Root Extract ◽

Chromatography Method ◽

Western Ghats Of India ◽

Phytochemical Compounds

The Salacia is a genus of plants in the family Celastraceae belongs to the ma-jor group Angiosperms. Several species in this genus have been used in tradi-tional medicine. Very limited phytochemical studies have been reported so far in Salacia from Western Ghats of Karnataka. Hence the aim of the pre-sent study was to screen the phytochemical compounds and quantitative analysis of mangiferin content in six species of Salacia. Which were found to be adequate to evaluate the raw material and can also be used as reference standards for the quality control/quality assurance purposes. The quantita-tive profiling of phytochemicals were analysed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and the concentration of mangiferin compound present in stem and root samples were quantified using High performance liquid chromatography method. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of a vast array of phytoconstituents such as fatty acids, saturated hydrocarbons, het-erocyclic compounds associated with different plant parts. HPLC analysis has shown the presence of mangiferin in all the six species of Salacia, whereas S. chinensis root extract showed highest quantity of mangiferin. S. malabarica, S. oblonga and S. gambleana leaf extract contains the important unsaturated fatty acids and vitamin d-alpha tocopherol which have proven to attenuate oxidative stress and having anti-inflammatory effects. It can be noted that S. chinensis and S. oblonga extract contains higher level of poly unsaturated phytochemical compounds. The study identified that S. chinensis and S. ob-longa could be the most promising raw material for anti-diabetic drug formu-lations based on the phytoconstituent and mangiferin content.

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Variation Patterns of the Volatiles during Germination of the Foxtail Millet (Setaria Italic): The Relationship between the Volatiles and Fatty Acids in Model Experiments

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25051238 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (5) ◽

pp. 1238 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

PengLiang Li ◽

Yin Zhu ◽

ShaoHui Li ◽

AiXia Zhang ◽

Wei Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Material Selection ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Foxtail Millet ◽

Raw Material ◽

Acid Oxidation ◽

Model Experiments ◽

Flight Mass Spectrometry

Functional and nutritional compounds are increased during foxtail millet germination while bad smell is produced due to the fatty acid oxidation. To eliminate the unpleasant aroma, the origins of the volatiles must be known. A comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry showed forty-nine volatiles containing 8 ketones, 10 aldehydes, 20 alkanes, 4 alcohols, 5 alkenes, and 2 furans were tentatively identified, and they increased during the germination of the foxtail millet. To identify the origin of some volatiles, model experiments by adding 6 fatty acids to the crude enzymes of the foxtail millet was designed, and 17 volatiles could be detected. The saturated fatty acids (palmitic acid and stearic acid) had no contributions to the formation of the volatiles, whereas the unsaturated fatty acid played important roles in the formation of volatiles. Among the unsaturated fatty acids, palmitoleic acid and linoleic acid produced most aldehydes, alcohols, and ketones, while linolenic acid produced the most alkanes and alkenes. This study will be helpful for controlling the smell of germinated seeds from the raw material selection.

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A Comprehensive Characterisation of Volatile and Fatty Acid Profiles of Legume Seeds

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods8120651 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 651 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Khrisanapant ◽

Kebede ◽

Leong ◽

Oey

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Data Analysis ◽

Multivariate Data Analysis ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Multivariate Data ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Fatty Acid Profiles ◽

Legume Seeds

Legumes are rich in unsaturated fatty acids, which make them susceptible to (non) enzymatic oxidations leading to undesirable odour formation. This study aimed to characterise the volatile and fatty acid profiles of eleven types of legumes using headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) and GC coupled with a flame ionisation detector (GC-FID), respectively. Volatile aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, esters, terpenes and hydrocarbons were the chemical groups identified across all the legumes. The lipids comprised palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and α-linolenic acids, with unsaturated fatty acids comprising at least 66.1% to 85.3% of the total lipids for the legumes studied. Multivariate data analysis was used to compare volatile and fatty acid profiles between legumes, which allow discriminant compounds pertinent to specific legumes to be identified. Results showed that soybean, chickpea and lentil had distinct volatile and fatty acid profiles, with discriminating volatiles including lactone, ester and ketone, respectively. While all three Phaseolus cultivars shared similar volatile profiles, 3-methyl-1-butanol was found to be the only volatile differentiating them against the other eight legumes. Overall, this is the first time a multivariate data analysis has been used to characterise the volatile and fatty acid profiles across different legume seeds, while also identifying discriminating compounds specific for certain legume species. Such information can contribute to the creation of legume-based ingredients with specific volatile characteristics while reducing undesirable odours, or potentially inform relevant breeding programs.

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Oil Content and Fatty Acid Composition of the Seeds of 16 Avocado (Persea americana) Accessions Collected From Southern China and Their Application in a Soap Bar

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v10n11p69 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 69

Author(s):

Yu Ge ◽

Xiongyuan Si ◽

Bin Wu ◽

Xiangshu Dong ◽

Zining Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Southern China ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Biochemical Properties ◽

Persea Americana ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Avocado Seed

The avocado (Persea americana), an edible fruit, is one of the main agricultural products in many tropical regions. Avocado fruit is rich in fat, and commercialized for fresh consumption and industrially processed leaving seed as a major residue. Avocado seed from the industry is worthy of attention for certain industrial applications and feasibility. Transforming avocado seed lipids into ecologically friendly or sustainable materials suitable for the cosmetic industry is promising from the perspective of green and environmental protection. The oil contents and fatty acid compositions of the seeds of 16 avocado accessions collected from southern China were investigated, revealing significant differences among most of the accessions. Seventeen fatty acids were identified and quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the seeds of all 16 avocado accessions. Linoleic (40.14%), palmitic (23.54%), and oleic acids (16.23%) were the major fatty acids in the seeds, and the total contents of unsaturated fatty acids in the seeds were all higher than those of saturated fatty acids. The biochemical properties of the avocado seed oils relevant to their application in industrial practice were examined [e.g., the acid (3.74 mg KOH/g oil), iodine (124.09 g I2/100 g oil), peroxide (49.83 meq H2O2), and saponification (167.98 mg KOH/g oil) values]. Furthermore, the bar soap containing avocado seed oil was made, and its physicochemical properties (pH and foamability) were evaluated.

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Comparative analysis of the fatty acid composition of raw material of rye (Khamarka variety) and barley (Shedevr variety) of Ukrainian selection

ScienceRise Pharmaceutical Science ◽

10.15587/2519-4852.2021.243361 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 57-63

Author(s):

Ganna Tartynska ◽

Іryna Zhuravel ◽

Viktoriia Kyslychenko ◽

Viktoriia Hutsol

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Gas Chromatography ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Raw Material ◽

Quantitative Content ◽

Stems And Leaves

Introduction. Sowing rye (Secale cereale L.) and common barley (Hordéum vulgáre L.) are annual herbaceous plants of the Poaceae family, they are widely cultivated in many countries around the world as cereals and fodder crops. Sufficient raw material base of sowing rye and barley makes them promising sources for new drugs. Materials and methods. The fatty acid composition in lipophilic fractions of seeds, stems and leaves of sowing (Khamarka variety) and common barley (Shedevr variety) was studied by gas chromatography. Results. As a result of the study, the quantitative content of 14 fatty acids in the stems and leaves of barley, 13 – in the leaves of rye and 12 – in the stems of rye and in both types of studied seeds was identified and established. In all types of the studied raw materials, unsaturated fatty acids were quantitatively predominant, the content of which prevailed in seeds of rye – 82.89 % and barley – 76.35 %. In stems of common barley their content was 64.04 %, leaves of common barley – 66.31 % of the amount. In stems and leaves of rye, the predominance of unsaturated fatty acids over saturated ones was insignificant: 49.00 % vs. 47.05 % and 53.70 % vs. 43.03 %, respectively. Among the unsaturated fatty acids, linoleic and linolenic acids dominated. Palmitic acid predominated among the saturated raw materials in all types of studied raw materials Conclusions. Quantitative content of fatty acids in seeds, stems and leaves of sowing rye (Khamarka variety) and common barley (Shedevr variety) was identified and established by gas chromatography. The results of the research indicate a rich fatty acid composition of the studied raw materials and can be used to create drugs based on them

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