scholarly journals Breeding Rice for Sustainable Bioenergy Production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manasi Dash ◽  
Abinash Mishra ◽  
Mahendra Kumar Mohanty
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
World Population ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
The World ◽  
Efficient Extraction ◽  
Immense Potential

Bioenergy including biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass has immense potential to meet growing energy demand of the ever-growing world population. Bioenergy will help to mitigate the environmental problems arising due to burning of fossil fuels. Rice is the staple food for more than half of the world population and is grown in more than 100 countries. Rice straw is rich in lignocellulose and several technologies are available for efficient extraction and conversion of cellulose to ethanol. Thus, the surplus rice straw can be utilised to produce biofuel, so as to replace conventional fossil fuel sources. But it is reported that the present-day rice varieties showing high lignocellulosic straw biomass have low grain yield potential. Hence, it is important to re orient the breeding strategies for developing dual purpose rice varieties that are bioenergy efficient without compromising grain yield.

scholarly journals Catalysts for Biodiesel Production: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 1985-1999
Author(s):  
K.A.V. Miyuranga ◽  
D. Thilakarathne ◽  
Udara S.P.R. Arachchige ◽  
R.A. Jayasinghe ◽  
N.A. Weerasekara
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
World Population ◽  
Economic Issues ◽  
The World

As the world population and modernization increase, energy demand increases. One of the non-sustainable energy sources is fossil fuels. However, fossil fuel consumption raises various environmental and economic issues. Most of the studies focus on sustainable energy sources, which can replace fossil fuel dependence. Biodiesel is an alternative sustainable fuel for diesel power. Biodiesel can produce through the transesterification process. Since the catalyst plays a significant role in the biodiesel yield during a defined reaction time, the addition of a catalyst can increases the reaction rate. This article is outlined the several catalysts used by multiple researchers over the years to increase biodiesel yields.

Biodiesel production from non-edible oils: A review

2020 ◽  
pp. 149-159
Author(s):  
Jatinder Kataria ◽  
Saroj Kumar Mohapatra ◽  
Amit Pal
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
The World

The limited fossil reserves, spiraling price and environmental impact due to usage of fossil fuels leads the world wide researchers’ interest in using alternative renewable and environment safe fuels that can meet the energy demand. Biodiesel is an emerging renewable alternative fuel to conventional diesel which can be produced from both edible and non-edible oils, animal fats, algae etc. The society is in dire need of using renewable fuels as an immediate control measure to mitigate the pollution level. In this work an attempt is made to review the requisite and access the capability of the biodiesel in improving the environmental degradation.

scholarly journals CO2 Valorization and Its Subsequent Valorization

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 500
Author(s):  
Juan Antonio Cecilia ◽  
Daniel Ballesteros Plata ◽  
Enrique Vilarrasa García
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
World Population ◽  
Anthropogenic Co2 ◽  
The World ◽  
Co2 Valorization

After the industrial revolution, the increase in the world population and the consumption of fossil fuels has led to an increase in anthropogenic CO2 emissions [...]

scholarly journals Achieving Net Zero Carbon Dioxide by Sequestering Biomass Carbon

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Amelse
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Co2 Sequestration ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
The World

Mitigation of global warming requires an understanding of where energy is produced and consumed, the magnitude of carbon dioxide generation, and proper understanding of the Carbon Cycle. The latter leads to the distinction between and need for both CO2 and biomass CARBON sequestration. Short reviews are provided for prior technologies proposed for reducing CO2 emissions from fossil fuels or substituting renewable energy, focusing on their limitations. None offer a complete solution. Of these, CO2 sequestration is poised to have the largest impact. We know how to do it. It will just cost money, and scale-up is a huge challenge. Few projects have been brought forward to semi-commercial scale. Transportation accounts for only about 30% of U.S. overall energy demand. Biofuels penetration remains small, and thus, they contribute a trivial amount of overall CO2 reduction, even though 40% of U.S. corn and 30% of soybeans are devoted to their production. Bioethanol is traced through its Carbon Cycle and shown to be both energy inefficient, and an inefficient use of biomass carbon. Both biofuels and CO2 sequestration reduce FUTURE CO2 emissions from continued use of fossil fuels. They will not remove CO2 ALREADY in the atmosphere. The only way to do that is to break the Carbon Cycle by growing biomass from atmospheric CO2 and sequestering biomass CARBON. Theoretically, sequestration of only a fraction of the world’s tree leaves, which are renewed every year, can get the world to Net Zero CO2 without disturbing the underlying forests.

Mutation breeding in rice for sustainable crop production and food security in India.

2021 ◽  
pp. 83-99
Author(s):  
Vikash Kumar ◽  
Anjali Chauhan ◽  
Avinash Kumar Shinde ◽  
Ramesh L. Kunkerkar ◽  
Deepak Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Crop Diversity ◽  
World Population ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Crop Varieties ◽  
The World ◽  
Traditional Landraces ◽  
Rice Improvement

Abstract With the inevitable risk posed by global climate change affecting crop yield and the ever-increasing demands of agricultural produce, crop improvement techniques need to be more precise in developing smart crop varieties. The rice crop, a staple food for the majority of the world population, has a significant role to play in alleviating the global hunger problem. With the world population burgeoning at an unprecedented rate, limited fertile land resources, climate change, emerging new races of pests and diseases and consumer preferences for quality attributes, it is imperative to increase crop diversity, and this requires better selection efficiency addressing the challenges of future rice production. Mutation breeding is a fundamental and very successful tool helping to increase crop diversity and allowing plant breeders to exercise their skill in developing desirable crop varieties. The induction of mutations has been used to enhance yield, improve nutritional quality and widen the adaptability of the world's most important crops such as wheat, rice, pulses, millets and oilseeds. India is considered to be one of the primary centres of origin of crop species with the concomitant very high genetic diversity in traditional landraces for different agronomic traits of economic importance. Plant architecture, such as plant height, branching habit (tiller number), leaf shape and patterns, floral and grain traits and quality traits such as aroma, amylose content and cooking quality are of tremendous importance for rice improvement programmes. Traditional landraces of rice have premium grain quality, fetching a premium price, but their cultivation is being marginalized due to their tall stature, proneness to lodging, late maturity and poor yield. Mutation breeding technology has been successfully implemented in rice improvement programmes, which have resulted in the improvement of aromatic rice varieties, such as 'Pusa Basmati 1', 'Dubraj and Jawaphool'. Two high-yielding mutant rice varieties, TCDM-1 ('Trombay Chhattisgarh Dubraj Mutant-1') and TKR Kolam ('Trombay Karjat Rice Kolam'), have been released for cultivation in Chhattisgarh and the Konkan region of Maharashtra. Both these varieties possess dwarf plant stature (110 cm), medium maturity (130 days), premium grain quality and resistance to major pests and diseases. Improvement of other traditional rice varieties is underway which will bring these varieties back into cultivation and help in improving the tribal and marginal farmers' economy.

scholarly journals Morphological Observation and Correlation of Growth and Yield Characteristics with Grain Quality and Antioxidant Activities in Exotic Rice Varieties of Afghanistan

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kifayatullah Kakar ◽  
Tran Dang Xuan ◽  
Saidajan Abdiani ◽  
Imran Khan Wafa ◽  
Zubair Noori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Panicle Number

Rice is an important staple food for Afghans. Its production has been increased, and attention is needed to improve grain quality. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the growth, yield, physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity, and morphological structures of four exotic rice varieties widely grown in Afghanistan (Attai-1, Jalalabad-14, Shishambagh-14, and Zodrass). Antioxidant activities, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), of rice grain were determined. A scanning electron microscopic observation was conducted on the cross-cut section of dehulled rice grains. The results showed a wide variation among four rice varieties for growth, grain yield, physicochemical properties, antioxidant activities, and morphology. Tiller and panicle number per hill, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, and antioxidant activities were found to be highest in Jalalabad-14. Attai-1 showed lower amylose, protein, and lipid contents with a high number of perfect grains, consequently enhanced taste point (score of quality). Grain yield, protein, and amylose contents showed a negative correlation with antioxidant activities. Accumulated structures in Attai-1, Shishambagh-14, and Zodrass were normal; however, Jalalabad-14 increased protein bodies and its traces in the amyloplasts. Information on yield potential, grain quality, and nutritional value of these exotic rice varieties may useful for sustainable food provision and nutritional improvement of rice in Afghanistan.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF KINETIC MODELS FOR BIOGAS PRODUCTION FROM RICE STRAW

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukhi Mulia Shitophyta ◽  
Maryudi Maryudi ◽  
Budiyono Budiyono
Keyword(s):  
Linear Equation ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Kinetic Models ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Renewable Energies ◽  
Energy Crisis ◽  
Exponential Equation

The rising of global energy demand has led to an energy crisis, especially fossil energy. The development of renewable energies is needed to overcome the energy crisis. Biogas is one of renewable energies (biofuels) which is developed to minimize the dependency on fossil fuels. Biogas can be derived from agricultural wastes such as rice straw. The aim of this research was to compare the kinetic models of biogas production form rice straw using the linear and exponential equations models. This research was conducted at the total solid (TS) content of 20%, 22% and 24%. The result showed that the exponential equation had a better correlation than the linear equation on the ascending period of biogas production, while linear equation was better than exponential equation during descending period.

scholarly journals Uji Multilokasi Sepuluh Galur Padi Untuk Menghasilkan Varietas Unggul Baru

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Jaenudin Kartahadimaja ◽  
Eka Erlinda Syuriani
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Soil Stress ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Plot Design ◽  
High Yield Potential

Reduced productive rice fields to non-paddy fields, most possible extension of the nationalrice cultivation area to the suboptimal lands reaching ± 91.9 million ha. Technologypackages that can be applied include the use of new improved rice varieties through theassembling of varieties that have high yield potential, resistant to suboptimal soil stress. Theobjective of the research is to produce new superior rice varieties that are available invarious environments. The study used a split-plot design, as the main plot is an environmentconsisting of rice paddies and gogo, as a subplot is the genotype of rice. The treatment ineach environment is prepared using the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Thetreatment consisted of 10 new rice strains and four varieties as a comparison. Variablesobserved (1) plant height; (2) the maximum number of shoots; (3) number of productiveshoots; (4) long panicle; (5) the number of grains per panicle; (6) the amount of graincontent of each panicle; (7) the number of empty grains per panicle; (8) weight of 1000grains of grain; (9) grain yield of each clump; (10) grain yield per hectare. Data wereanalyzed by variance if there was a difference between mean, median treatment, followed byLsd test at 5% level. The adaptability and yield stability of each strain was determined basedon the value of the coefficient of diversity (KK) (Francis and Kenneberg, 1978) in Syukur etal., (2012). The results showed that seven new rice strains had adaptations both planted asupland rice and lowland rice, namely strains B3, B4, F2, F3, H1, H4, and L2.

scholarly journals Smart Energy Consumption Could Preserve Natural Resources

ICR Journal ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 420-422
Author(s):  
Shahino Mah Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
World Population ◽  
Standards Of Living ◽  
The World ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
United Nation

Energy plays an important role in our lives. It comes in several forms which can be utilised to keep people warm during cold weather, provide foods, improve transportation, and increase productivity. When energy is utilised efficiently, it brings great comfort to our lives. However, energy consumption has been increasing in recent decades as the world population keeps growing. According to a United Nation (UN) report, the current world population of 7.4 billion is projected to increase by 1 billion over the next 10 years and reach 9.6 billion by 2050. Besides population, the standards of living for many people in developing countries is increasing, which in turn results in growing energy demand.

Study on Performance and Emission Characteristics of DI Diesel Engine Fuelled With Deccan Hemp Methyl Ester

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Balasubramanian ◽  
R. Anand ◽  
B. Venkatesh ◽  
G. R. Kannan ◽  
S. P. Sivapirakasam
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
The World ◽  
Di Diesel Engine ◽  
Hemp Oil ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

The world needs an alternative fuels that could maintain the world running on its wheels due to the increasing energy demand and uncertainty in availability of the fossil fuels. The present investigation analyzes the scope of utilizing the Deccan hemp oil based biodiesel derived from jute seed as an alternative to the diesel. Experimental investigation was carried out at diesel engine with different loads from 0% to 100% and 10% overload condition under a constant speed of 1500 rpm. It was found that the reduction in brake thermal efficiency and higher brake specific fuel consumption was observed with biodiesel in comparison with diesel. The carbon monoxide (CO), carbon-dioxide (CO2), unburnt hydrocarbon (HC) and nitric oxide (NO) emissions for Deccan hemp oil based biodiesel were reduced by 0.2% vol, 1.6% vol, 62.5%, 36.84% whereas slightly higher smoke emission was observed when compared to diesel fuel. These studies revealed that Deccan hemp oil based biodiesel can be used as a fuel in compression ignition engine without any engine modifications.

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