scholarly journals Silver Nanoparticles: Properties, Synthesis, Characterization, Applications and Future Trends

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil T. Galatage ◽  
Aditya S. Hebalkar ◽  
Shradhey V. Dhobale ◽  
Omkar R. Mali ◽  
Pranav S. Kumbhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Green Technologies ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Vital Importance ◽  
Environmentally Safe

Nanotechnology is an expanding area of research where we use to deal with the materials in Nano-dimension. The conventional procedures for synthesizing metal nanoparticles need to sophisticated and costly instruments or high-priced chemicals. Moreover, the techniques may not be environmentally safe. Therefore “green” technologies for synthesis of nanoparticles are always preferred which is simple, convenient, eco-friendly and cost effective. Green synthesis of nanoparticle is a novel way to synthesis nanoparticles by using biological sources. It is gaining attention due to its cost effective, ecofriendly and large scale production possibilities. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are one of the most vital and fascinating nanomaterials among several metallic nanoparticles that are involved in biomedical applications. It has vital importance in nanoscience and naomedicines to treat and prevent vital disease in human beings especially in cancer treatment. In current work we discussed different methods for synthesis of AgNPs like biological, chemical and physical along with its characterization. We have also discussed vital importance of AgNPs to cure life threatnign diseases like cancer along with antidiabetic, antifungal, antiviral and antimicrobial alog with its molecular mode of action etc. Finally we conclude by discussing future prospects and possible applications of silver nano particles.

scholarly journals Towards High Performance Chemical Vapour Deposition V2O5 Cathodes for Batteries Employing Aqueous Media

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (23) ◽  
pp. 5558
Author(s):  
Dimitra Vernardou ◽  
Charalampos Drosos ◽  
Andreas Kafizas ◽  
Martyn E. Pemble ◽  
Emmanouel Koudoumas
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Chemical Vapour ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Environmentally Safe

The need for clean and efficient energy storage has become the center of attention due to the eminent global energy crisis and growing ecological concerns. A key component in this effort is the ultra-high performance battery, which will play a major role in the energy industry. To meet the demands in portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, and large-scale energy storage systems, it is necessary to prepare advanced batteries with high safety, fast charge ratios, and discharge capabilities at a low cost. Cathode materials play a significant role in determining the performance of batteries. Among the possible electrode materials is vanadium pentoxide, which will be discussed in this review, due to its low cost and high theoretical capacity. Additionally, aqueous electrolytes, which are environmentally safe, provide an alternative approach compared to organic media for safe, cost-effective, and scalable energy storage. In this review, we will reveal the industrial potential of competitive methods to grow cathodes with excellent stability and enhanced electrochemical performance in aqueous media and lay the foundation for the large-scale production of electrode materials.

Biological Synthesis of Nanosilver by Using Plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 1109 ◽  
pp. 30-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.K. Nahar ◽  
Zarina Zakaria ◽  
U. Hashim ◽  
Md Fazlul Bari
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Biological Synthesis ◽  
Promising Area

Nanotechnology is a most promising area that is increasing day by day and play a vital role in environments, biotechnological and biomedical fields. In recent years, the development of effective green chemistry methods for synthesis of various metal nanoparticles has become a main focus of researchers. They have investigated to find out a sustainable technique for production of well-characterized nanoparticles. A variety of chemical and physical methods have been exploited in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and these procedures remain expensive, high energy consumption and involve the use of hazardous chemicals. Therefore, there is an essential need to develop environmentally benign and sustainable procedures for synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. Increasing awareness of green chemistry and biological processes has need to develop a rapid, simple, cost-effective and eco-friendly methods. One of the most considered methods is production of nanosilver using plants and plant-derived materials which is the best candidates and suitable for large-scale biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles. Eco-friendly bio-organisms in plant extracts contain proteins, which act as both capping and reducing agents forming of stable and shape-controlled AgNPs. This review describes the recent advancements in the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles by using plants.

Innovative Eco-friendly Approaches for Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 2328-2337
Author(s):  
Rohit Rajendra Bhosale ◽  
A S Kulkarni ◽  
S S Gilda ◽  
N H Aloorkar ◽  
R A Osmani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Ag Nps ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Drug Molecules ◽  
Plant Leaf Extract

Nanotechnology is an escalating field that has made its contribution to all spheres of human life. The green synthesis of nanoparticles has paved for better methodologies and approaches in the medicinal field. Nowadays silver, gold and other metallic nanoparticles are used as an efficient carrier for drug molecules for developing novel drug delivery systems. In course of synthesizing these nanoparticles various chemicals, solvents and reagents are used which harms our eco system directly or indirectly. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have been widely used as a novel therapeutic agent extending its use as antibacterial, antifungal, anti-viral and anti-inflammatory agent. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) prepared by green synthesis have many advantages over conventional methods involving chemical agents associated with environmental toxicity. Green synthetic methods include polysaccharide method, irradiation method, biological method, polyoxometallates method and tollens method. Green synthesis of nanoparticles is found to be an emerging branch of nanotechnology. The use of environmentally benign materials like plant leaf extract for the synthesis of nanoparticles offers numerous benefits of eco-friendliness and compatibility for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications as they do not use toxic chemicals in the synthesis protocols. Rapid and green synthetic methods using various plant extracts have shown a great potential in silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) synthesis. This review article describes the bio-inspired synthesis of nanoparticles that provides advancement over chemical and physical methods as it is cost effective, eco-friendly and more effective in a variety of applications.

Bio-mimetic synthesis of silver nanoparticles

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Avinash Kumar Reddy G ◽  
Krishna Reddy BV ◽  
Nageswara Rao G
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Uv Spectroscopy ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Metallic Silver ◽  
Analytical Instruments

Silver nanoparticles have their demand in various fields of science and technology and their applications extend even in medical and pharmaceutical arenas. They have been used as preservatives, diagnosing aids and potent antibacterial agents. But their production is a serious matter of concern when it comes to cost, efficacy and toxicity issues. Overcoming these limitations green synthesis has taken its advantage for their commercial and large scale synthesis. This research concentrates on the preparation of silver nano particles by using purified leaf extract of Lannea coromandelica and evaluation of the same using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry, FTIR, EDXS, SEM and particle size analysis. The produced nanoparticles exhibited surface plasmon resonance at 420nm in UV spectroscopy. EDS Spectrum showed the presence of metallic silver in the solution. They are roughly cubic in shape, smooth surfaced and measure about 10-20nm in diameter which is evident from the particle size analysis. FTIR studies revealed the presence of O-H groups indicating polyphenols and also confirms capping of proteins over the nanoparticles. The results proved the eco-friendly synthesized silver nanoparticles. The prepared nanoparticles have been analyzed using sophisticated analytical instruments. The results confirm the formation of silver nanoparticles. The bio-mimetic synthesis of silver nanoparticles is relatively safer and cost effective. The potency and effect of silver nanoparticles was determined yet the toxicity was to be considered for establishing it as a therapeutic agent.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using sustainable resources and their use as antibacterial agents: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumari Jyoti ◽  
Punyasloka Pattnaik ◽  
Tej Singh
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Metal Species ◽  
Sustainable Resources ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Low Toxicity

Background:: Synthesis of metallic nanoparticles has attracted extensive vitality in numerous research areas such as drug delivery, biomedicine, catalysis etc. where continuous efforts are being made by scientists and engineers to investigate new dimensions for both technological and industrial advancements. Amongst numerous metallic nanoparticles, silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) is a novel metal species with low toxicity, higher stability and significant chemical, physical and biological properties. Methods:: In this, various methods for the fabrication of AgNPs are summarized. Importantly, we concentrated on the role of reducing agents of different plants parts, various working conditions such as AgNO3 concentration; ratio of AgNO3/extract; incubation time; centrifugal conditions, size and shapes. Results:: This study suggested that eco-friendly and non toxic biomolecules present in the extracts (e.g. leaf, stem and root) of plants are used as reducing and capping agents for silver nanoparticles fabrication. This method of fabrication of silver nanoparticles using plants extracts is comparatively cost-effective and simple. A silver salt is simply reduced by biomolecules present in the extracts of these plants. In this review, we have emphasized the synthesis and antibacterial potential of silver nanoparticles using various plant extracts. Conclusion:: Fabrication of silver nanoparticles using plant extracts have advantage over the other physical methods, as it is safe, eco-friendly and simple to use. Plants have huge potential for the fabrication of silver nanoparticles of wide potential of applications with desired shape and size.

scholarly journals Transgenic goats producing an improved version of cetuximab in milk

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Götz Laible ◽  
Sally Cole ◽  
Brigid Brophy ◽  
Paul Maclean ◽  
Li How Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Immunogenic Epitope ◽  
Dependent Cell ◽  
Transgenic Goats

ABSTRACTTherapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) represent one of the most important classes of pharmaceutical proteins to treat human diseases. Most are produced in cultured mammalian cells which is expensive, limiting their availability. Goats, striking a good balance between a relatively short generation time and copious milk yield, present an alternative platform for the cost-effective, flexible, large-scale production of therapeutic mAbs. Here, we focused on cetuximab, a mAb against epidermal growth factor receptor, that is commercially produced under the brand name Erbitux and approved for anti-cancer treatments. We generated several transgenic goat lines that produce cetuximab in their milk. Two lines were selected for detailed characterization. Both showed stable genotypes and cetuximab production levels of up to 10g/L. The mAb could be readily purified and showed improved characteristics compared to Erbitux. The goat-produced cetuximab (gCetuximab) lacked a highly immunogenic epitope that is part of Erbitux. Moreover, it showed enhanced binding to CD16 and increased antibody-dependent cell-dependent cytotoxicity compared to Erbitux. This indicates that these goats produce an improved cetuximab version with the potential for enhanced effectiveness and better safety profile compared to treatments with Erbitux. In addition, our study validates transgenic goats as an excellent platform for large-scale production of therapeutic mAbs.

Biological Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and their Biomedical Activity: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 09 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarvat Zafar ◽  
Aiman Zafar ◽  
Fakhra Jabeen ◽  
Miad Ali Siddiq
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Biological Synthesis ◽  
Nanosized Particles ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Physical And Chemical

: Nanotechnology studies the various phenomena of physio-chemical procedures and biological properties for the generation of nanosized particles, and their rising challenges in the various sectors, like medicine, engineering, agriculture, electronic, and environmental studies. The nanosized particles exhibit good anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, drug delivery, anti-parasitic, anti-coagulant and catalytic properties because of their unique dimensions with large surface area, chemical stability and higher binding density for the accumulation of various bio-constituents on their surfaces. Biological approaches for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been reviewed because it is an easy and single-step protocol and a viable substitute for the synthetic chemical-based procedures. Physical and chemical approaches for the production of AgNPs are also mentioned herein. Biological synthesis has drawn attention because it is cost-effective, faster, non-pathogenic, environment-friendly, easy to scale-up for large-scale synthesis, and having no demand for usage of high pressure, energy, temperature, or noxious chemical ingredients, and safe for human therapeutic use. Therefore, the collaboration of nanomaterials with bio-green approaches could extend the utilization of biological and cytological properties compatible with AgNPs. In this perspective, there is an immediate need to develop ecofriendly and biocompatible techniques, which strengthen efficacy against microbes and minimize toxicity for human cells. The present study introduces the biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles, and their potential biomedical applications have also been reviewed.

ChipsetT: Embedded Die Substrate Applications

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (DPC) ◽  
pp. 000377-000397
Author(s):  
Jon G. Aday ◽  
Ted Tessier ◽  
Kazuhisa Itoi ◽  
Satoshi Okude
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Robust Solution ◽  
Sintered Metal ◽  
Design Flexibility ◽  
Fine Pitch ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Bottom Side ◽  
Board Level

Embedded die substrate technologies are being developed in an assortment of configurations and for different market segments. The technology being discussed in this paper will be focused on both a fan out technology – ChipsetT Fan-Out and a system in package approach (ChipsetT SiP) in which a multiple component bill of materials (BOM) is used. The Chipset process is based on the WABE (Wafer and Board Level Embedding) technology. WABE technology is based on co-lamination of multilayer polyimide flex wiring and conductive z-axis sintered metal interconnections. This ChipsetT Fan Out technology allows for large scale production of fan out type solutions which can allow for very thin packages in addition to unique pin out solutions such as pin compatibility for a competitor part. The ChipsetT SiP also allows embedding of single or multiple silicon die and/or components. Additional components can also be placed using conventional SMT on the top or bottom side of the package. There is a great deal of design flexibility with this technology which makes it a great solution for applications trying to reduce their x-y size or z-height. When utilizing RDL technology on the embedded die we are able to do the fine pitch routing in order to allow the substrate to route at larger pitches ensuring an overall cost effective solution. This paper will focus on the different classes of applications that have benefited from this technology and will discuss the benefits and tradeoffs of the different solutions that have been engineered. Assembly and reliability data will be presented on several of the applications showing a robust solution set.

Electro-reduction of hematite using water as the redox mediator

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaiyu Xie ◽  
Ali Reza Kamali
Keyword(s):  
Molten Salt ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Redox Mediator ◽  
Electrolytic Reduction ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Cost Effective Approach

Molten salt electrolytic reduction of Fe2O3 in the presence of water is proposed as a sustainable and cost-effective approach for large-scale production of iron.

scholarly journals PVB/PEG-Based Feedstocks for Injection Molding of Alumina Microreactor Components

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Julia Medesi ◽  
Dorit Nötzel ◽  
Thomas Hanemann
Keyword(s):  
Injection Molding ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Polyvinyl Butyral ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Ceramic Injection Molding ◽  
Functional Components

The ceramic injection molding (CIM) process is a cost-effective powder-based near net shape manufacturing process for large-scale production of complex-shaped ceramic functional components. This paper presents the rheological analysis of environmentally friendly CIM feedstock formulations based on the binder components polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and polyethylene gycol (PEG). The prepared PVB/PEG-based alumina molding compounds were investigated with respect to their PVB:PEG ratios as well as to their powder filling degrees in the range between 50 and 64 vol.%. Corresponding viscosities and shear stresses were determined for increasing shear rates to show the effects of increased PEG content and solid loadings on them. Two single reactor components were injection molded and subsequently joined in their green state for fabrication of an alumina microreactor. The intended purpose of the alumina microreactors is their potential application as wear-resistant and hydrothermal stable multifunctional devices (µ-mixer, µ-reactor, µ-analyzer) for continuous hydrothermal synthesis (CHTS) of metal oxide nanoparticles in supercritical water (sc-H2O) as the reaction medium.

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