The Effect of Resistance Training with Moderate and Progressive Intensity on Indices of Oxidative Stress (Serum 8-Isoprostane, Malondialdehyde and Reduced Glutathione Levels) in Young Healthy Men

Background: An imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants determines the level of oxidative stress which is implicated in the etiopathogenesis of various neuropsychiatric disorders including depression. Therefore, treatment with antioxidants could potentially improve the balance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of astaxanthin, a potential antioxidant, to reduce reserpine-induced depression in BALB/c mice (Mus musculus). Methods: On the behavioral level, antidepressant property of astaxanthin (50 mg/kg, orally) on reserpine (2 mg/kg, subcutaneously) induced depressed mice was evaluated by Forced Swim Test (FST) and Tail Suspension Test (TST). In the biochemical level, the ability of astaxanthin to mitigate reserpine-induced oxidative stress was evaluated by the measurement of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) in brain, liver and plasma samples. On the other hand, the efficiency of astaxanthin to replenish glutathione depletion and antioxidant enzyme activity augmentation in the same samples were also investigated. Results: Astaxanthin was able to lower reserpine induced immobility time significantly (p<0.05) in FST and TST. Mice treated with astaxanthin showed significantly (p<0.05) low level of oxidative stress markers such as Malondialdehyde (MDA), Nitric Oxide (NO). Consistently, the level of reduced Glutathione (GSH), and the activity of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and catalase were augmented due to the oral administration of astaxanthin. Conclusion: This study suggests that astaxanthin reduces reserpine-induced oxidative stress and therefore might be effective in treating oxidative stress associated depression.

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Oxidative Stress in Non-Dialysis-Dependent Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18157806 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (15) ◽

pp. 7806

Author(s):

Patricia Tomás-Simó ◽

Luis D’Marco ◽

María Romero-Parra ◽

Mari Carmen Tormos-Muñoz ◽

Guillermo Sáez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Reduced Glutathione ◽

Genetic Material ◽

Future Research ◽

Control Group ◽

Dialysis Patients ◽

Early Stages ◽

Molecular Lines

Background: Cardiovascular complications are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality at any stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Moreover, the high rate of cardiovascular mortality observed in these patients is associated with an accelerated atherosclerosis process that likely starts at the early stages of CKD. Thus, traditional and non-traditional or uremic-related factors represent a link between CKD and cardiovascular risk. Among non-conventional risk factors, particular focus has been placed on anaemia, mineral and bone disorders, inflammation, malnutrition and oxidative stress and, in this regard, connections have been reported between oxidative stress and cardiovascular disease in dialysis patients. Methods: We evaluated the oxidation process in different molecular lines (proteins, lipids and genetic material) in 155 non-dialysis patients at different stages of CKD and 45 healthy controls. To assess oxidative stress status, we analyzed oxidized glutathione (GSSG), reduced glutathione (GSH) and the oxidized/reduced glutathione ratio (GSSG/GSH) and other oxidation indicators, including malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-oxo-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG). Results: An active grade of oxidative stress was found from the early stages of CKD onwards, which affected all of the molecular lines studied. We observed a heightened oxidative state (indicated by a higher level of oxidized molecules together with decreased levels of antioxidant molecules) as kidney function declined. Furthermore, oxidative stress-related alterations were significantly greater in CKD patients than in the control group. Conclusions: CKD patients exhibit significantly higher oxidative stress than healthy individuals, and these alterations intensify as eGFR declines, showing significant differences between CKD stages. Thus, future research is warranted to provide clearer results in this area.

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The Interplay between S-glutathionylation and Phosphorylation of Cardiac Troponin I and Myosin Binding Protein C in End-Stage Human Failing Hearts

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10071134 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1134

Author(s):

Heidi Budde ◽

Roua Hassoun ◽

Melina Tangos ◽

Saltanat Zhazykbayeva ◽

Melissa Herwig ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Protein C ◽

Troponin I ◽

Reduced Glutathione ◽

Binding Protein ◽

Enzyme Treatment ◽

Myosin Binding Protein ◽

Myosin Binding Protein C ◽

Myosin Binding ◽

End Stage

Oxidative stress is defined as an imbalance between the antioxidant defense system and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). At low levels, ROS are involved in the regulation of redox signaling for cell protection. However, upon chronical increase in oxidative stress, cell damage occurs, due to protein, DNA and lipid oxidation. Here, we investigated the oxidative modifications of myofilament proteins, and their role in modulating cardiomyocyte function in end-stage human failing hearts. We found altered maximum Ca2+-activated tension and Ca2+ sensitivity of force production of skinned single cardiomyocytes in end-stage human failing hearts compared to non-failing hearts, which was corrected upon treatment with reduced glutathione enzyme. This was accompanied by the increased oxidation of troponin I and myosin binding protein C, and decreased levels of protein kinases A (PKA)- and C (PKC)-mediated phosphorylation of both proteins. The Ca2+ sensitivity and maximal tension correlated strongly with the myofilament oxidation levels, hypo-phosphorylation, and oxidative stress parameters that were measured in all the samples. Furthermore, we detected elevated titin-based myocardial stiffness in HF myocytes, which was reversed by PKA and reduced glutathione enzyme treatment. Finally, many oxidative stress and inflammation parameters were significantly elevated in failing hearts compared to non-failing hearts, and corrected upon treatment with the anti-oxidant GSH enzyme. Here, we provide evidence that the altered mechanical properties of failing human cardiomyocytes are partially due to phosphorylation, S-glutathionylation, and the interplay between the two post-translational modifications, which contribute to the development of heart failure.

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Differential susceptibility of a few members of the nasuta–albomicans complex of Drosophila to paraquat-induced lethality and oxidative stress

Genome ◽

10.1139/g11-049 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 54 (10) ◽

pp. 829-835 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mysore S. Ranjini ◽

Ravikumar Hosamani ◽

Muralidhara ◽

Nallur B. Ramachandra

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Biochemical Analysis ◽

Reduced Glutathione ◽

Differential Susceptibility ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Stress Markers ◽

The Status ◽

Markers Of Oxidative Stress ◽

And Oxidative Stress

The evolution of karyotypically stabilized short-lived (SL) and long-lived (LL) cytoraces in the laboratory have been established and validated through our previous lifespan studies. In the present investigation, we examined the possible reason(s) for the differential longevity among selected members of SL and LL cytoraces, employing the well known paraquat (PQ) resistance bioassay. Exposure of these races to varying concentrations of PQ revealed relatively higher resistance among LL cytoraces than SL cytoraces, as evident by the lower incidence of mortality. Biochemical analysis for endogenous markers of oxidative stress revealed that LL-2 cytorace exhibited lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels, higher activity levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and coupled with higher levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) compared with the levels found in SL-2 cytorace. These findings suggest that the higher susceptibility of SL cytoraces to PQ challenge may be, at least in part, related to the higher endogenous levels of oxidative stress markers. Although the precise mechanisms responsible for the longer longevity among LL cytoraces of the nasuta–albomicans complex of Drosophila merits further investigation, our data suggest that the relatively longer lifespan may be related to the status of endogenous markers that renders them more resistant towards oxidative-stress-mediated lethality, as evident in the PQ assay.

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Nose-only water-pipe smoking effects on airway resistance, inflammation, and oxidative stress in mice

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00194.2013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 115 (9) ◽

pp. 1316-1323 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Abderrahim Nemmar ◽

Haider Raza ◽

Priya Yuvaraju ◽

Sumaya Beegam ◽

Annie John ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Airway Resistance ◽

Reduced Glutathione ◽

Mechanistic Explanation ◽

The United States ◽

Forced Oscillation Technique ◽

Water Pipe ◽

Respiratory Effects ◽

And Oxidative Stress

Water-pipe smoking (WPS) is a common practice in the Middle East and is now gaining popularity in Europe and the United States. However, there is a limited number of studies on the respiratory effects of WPS. More specifically, the underlying pulmonary pathophysiological mechanisms related to WPS exposure are not understood. Presently, we assessed the respiratory effects of nose-only exposure to mainstream WPS generated by commercially available honey flavored “moasel ” tobacco. The duration of the session was 30 min/day and 5 days/wk for 1 mo. Control mice were exposed to air only. Here, we measured in BALB/c mice the airway resistance using forced-oscillation technique. Lung inflammation was assessed histopathologically and by biochemical analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, and oxidative stress was evaluated biochemically by measuring lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione and several antioxidant enzymes. Pulmonary inflammation assessment showed an increase in neutrophil and lymphocyte numbers. Likewise, airway resistance was significantly increased in the WPS group compared with controls. Tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 6 concentrations were significantly increased in BAL fluid. Lipid peroxidation in lung tissue was significantly increased whereas the level and activity of antioxidants including reduced glutathione, glutathione S transferase, and superoxide dismutase were all significantly decreased following WPS exposure, indicating the occurrence of oxidative stress. Moreover, carboxyhemoglobin levels were significantly increased in the WPS group. We conclude that 1-mo nose-only exposure to WPS significantly increased airway resistance, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Our results provide a mechanistic explanation for the limited clinical studies that reported the detrimental respiratory effects of WPS.

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Acrylamide-induced oxidative stress in human erythrocytes

Human & Experimental Toxicology ◽

10.1177/0960327109350664 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 28 (10) ◽

pp. 611-617 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Betul Catalgol ◽

Gül Özhan ◽

Buket Alpertunga

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Reduced Glutathione ◽

Human Erythrocytes ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽

Total Glutathione ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Spectrophotometric Methods ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Different Doses

Acrylamide (AA), a widely used industrial chemical, is shown to be neurotoxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of different doses of AA on lipid peroxidation (LPO), haemolysis, methaemoglobin (MetHb) and antioxidant system in human erythrocytes in vitro. Erythrocyte solutions were incubated with 0.10, 0.25, 0.50 and 1.00 mM of AA at 37°C for 1 hour. At the end of the incubation, malondialdehyde (MDA), an end product of LPO, was determined by liquid chromatography (LC) while total glutathione, reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) enzymes and the rates of haemolysis and MetHb were determined by spectrophotometric methods. All of the studied concentrations of AA increased MetHb formation and SOD activity, and induced MDA formation and haemolysis due to the destruction of erythrocyte cell membrane. AA caused a decrease in the activities of GSH-Px, CAT and GSH levels. However, these effects of AA were seen only at higher concentrations than AA intake estimated for populations in many countries. We suggest that LPO process may not be involved in the toxic effects of AA in low concentrations, although the present results showed that the studied concentrations of AA exert deteriorating effects on antioxidant enzyme activities, LPO process and haemolysis.

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Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) attenuates oxidative stress induction in erythrocytes of sickle cell disease patients

Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.1590/s1984-82502012000400009 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 659-665 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Aline Emmer Ferreira Furman ◽

Railson Henneberg ◽

Priscila Bacarin Hermann ◽

Maria Suely Soares Leonart ◽

Aguinaldo José do Nascimento

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Sickle Cell ◽

Reduced Glutathione ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Egb 761 ◽

Cell Disease

Sickle cell disease promotes hemolytic anemia and occlusion of small blood vessels due to the presence of high concentrations of hemoglobin S, resulting in increased production of reactive oxygen species and decreased antioxidant defense capacity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective action of a standardized extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGb 761), selected due to its high content of flavonoids and terpenoids, in erythrocytes of patients with sickle cell anemia (HbSS, SS erythrocytes) subjected to oxidative stress using tert-butylhydroperoxide or 2,2-azobis-(amidinepropane)-dihydrochloride, in vitro. Hemolysis indexes, reduced glutathione, methemoglobin concentrations, lipid peroxidation, and intracellular reactive oxygen species were determined. SS erythrocytes displayed increased rates of oxidation of hemoglobin and membrane lipid peroxidation compared to normal erythrocytes (HbAA, AA erythrocytes), and the concentration of EGb 761 necessary to achieve the same antioxidant effect in SS erythrocytes was at least two times higher than in normal ones, inhibiting the formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (IC50 of 13.6 µg/mL), partially preventing lipid peroxidation (IC50 of 242.5 µg/mL) and preventing hemolysis (IC50 of 10.5 µg/mL). Thus, EGb 761 has a beneficial effect on the oxidative status of SS erythrocytes. Moreover, EGb 761 failed to prevent oxidation of hemoglobin and reduced glutathione at the concentrations examined.

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A 21 Day Daniel Fast Favorably Impacts Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Healthy Men and Women

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000401201.29843.e2 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 43 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. 436

Author(s):

Tyler M. Farney ◽

Mohammad M. Kabir ◽

John F. Trepanowski ◽

Robert E. Canale ◽

Richard J. Bloomer

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Men And Women ◽

Healthy Men ◽

Biomarkers Of Oxidative Stress

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Effect of concurrent exposure of toxic concentrations of lead and endosulfan on oxidative stress indices in rats

The Journal of Phytopharmacology ◽

10.31254/phyto.2021.10308 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 192-195

Author(s):

Ranganathan V ◽

◽

Malik JK ◽

Rao GS ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Reduced Glutathione ◽

Group Iv ◽

Male Rats ◽

Technical Grade ◽

Stress Indices ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Toxic Concentrations

The effect of concurrent exposure of toxic concentrations of lead and endosulfan were evaluated on oxidative stress parameters in male wistar rats. Group I served as untreated control whereas Group II received drinking water containing lead as lead acetate @1000 ppm (Pb1000). Group III was exposed to feed containing technical grade endosulfan @ 100 ppm (E100). Group IV was exposed to Pb (1000) +E (100). All the treatments were given daily for 28 days. Combination of lead and endosulfan modified the indices of oxidative stress in the parameters such as lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase in rats as compared to their individual compounds. The results suggest that the combination of these individual compounds may have the potential to modify oxidative stress produced by single compounds in male rats

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