A Pilot Evaluation of the Possible Association of Metronidazole With Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Premature Neonates

OBJECTIVE Metronidazole is recommended as a first-line treatment of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in neonates. Metronidazole-associated neurotoxicity has been reported, but long-term neurodevelopmental effects in neonates have not been explored. The primary objective was to evaluate the relationship of cumulative metronidazole dose with each Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III) composite score in neonates with NEC. Secondary objectives included comparison of seizure rates, mean Bayley-III scores, and neurodevelopmental impairment defined as 2 of 3 Bayley-III composite scores ≤ 79 or 1 score ≤ 70 between the metronidazole exposed and non-exposed groups METHODS This multisite, retrospective cohort study compared infants with a birth weight < 1500 grams between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2016, who developed stage 2 or greater NEC or spontaneous intestinal perforation and were followed up at a developmental clinic visit at approximately 1 year of age. Patients were excluded if admitted >72 hours of life, had congenital neurodevelopmental anomalies, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, grade III or IV intraventricular hemorrhage, or seizures prior to treatment of NEC. Included patients were stratified into 2 groups based on metronidazole exposure versus no metronidazole. Data were assessed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques, using SAS 9.4. RESULTS Forty-one patients were included. Seven patients received metronidazole and 34 patients were in the non-metronidazole group. The only statistical difference noted between groups was for gestational age, with the non-exposed group being more premature. There was no statistical difference in Bayley-III scores, seizure rates, or neurodevelopmental impairment between groups. CONCLUSION No differences in neurodevelopmental outcomes were found between those with and without metronidazole exposure. Further studies are needed to validate our results.

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Domain randomization-enhanced deep learning models for bird detection

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-80101-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xin Mao ◽

Jun Kang Chow ◽

Pin Siang Tan ◽

Kuan-fu Liu ◽

Jimmy Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Deep Learning ◽

Continuous Monitoring ◽

Bird Species ◽

Training Data ◽

Learning Models ◽

Fine Grained ◽

Bird Detection ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

AbstractAutomatic bird detection in ornithological analyses is limited by the accuracy of existing models, due to the lack of training data and the difficulties in extracting the fine-grained features required to distinguish bird species. Here we apply the domain randomization strategy to enhance the accuracy of the deep learning models in bird detection. Trained with virtual birds of sufficient variations in different environments, the model tends to focus on the fine-grained features of birds and achieves higher accuracies. Based on the 100 terabytes of 2-month continuous monitoring data of egrets, our results cover the findings using conventional manual observations, e.g., vertical stratification of egrets according to body size, and also open up opportunities of long-term bird surveys requiring intensive monitoring that is impractical using conventional methods, e.g., the weather influences on egrets, and the relationship of the migration schedules between the great egrets and little egrets.

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Technology and Employment in Developing Countries

The Journal of Modern African Studies ◽

10.1017/s0022278x00021923 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 549-564 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

J. W. Garmany

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Optimum Combination ◽

Current Consumption ◽

The Creation ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Choice Of Technology

This article discusses some of the issues involved in the choice of technology in developing countries, especially those in Africa, and the relationship of this to employment and output. The problem is to find an optimum combination of productive resources that comes nearest to satisfying two objectives: the full and economically efficient utilisation of such resources, and the creation of as much surplus as possible over current consumption, thereby making possible new investment and long-term growth.

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The Relationship between Reputation, Customer Satisfaction, Trust, and Loyalty

Journal of Public Administration and Governance ◽

10.5296/jpag.v4i3.6678 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 368 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Roshana Gul

Keyword(s):

Customer Satisfaction ◽

Customer Loyalty ◽

Significant Relationship ◽

Positive Sign ◽

Medical College ◽

Independent Variable ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Self Administered Questionnaire

Though a lot of studies have been done to conclude customer loyalty as dependent variable but still there is a vast margin of researches to be conducted in future in different spheres of this construct. On the other hand the truth of the importance of customer loyalty as an enduring asset cannot be falsified. It is fundamental for organizations to build up long term and mutual beneficial associations with the customers. The purpose of this research paper is to show the inter relationship of reputation, customer satisfaction and trust on customer loyalty. According to the observations reputation is the major independent variable that has significant relationship with customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, and trust. Data for this research study was taken from the Islamia University, Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, and different banks located at various geographic locations of Bahawalpur region of Pakistan. Data was collected through self administered questionnaire and analyzed by using regression through SPSS. The results have been drawn from 150 users of NISHAT LINEN and it was found that there is positive and significant relationship among reputation, customer satisfaction, trust and customer loyalty. Hence the studies give the positive sign that with the increment of reputation, customer satisfaction and trust the customer loyalty enhances.

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Zebrafish embryos exposed to deltamethrin exhibit abnormalities despite induced expression of related genes (you, you-too, momo and u-boot)

Toxicology and Industrial Health ◽

10.1177/0748233718807046 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 11-19

Author(s):

Kuder Reshma Shabnam ◽

Dharmapuri Gangappa ◽

Gundala Harold Philip

Keyword(s):

Vital Role ◽

Primary Objective ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Environmental Persistence ◽

Expression Of Genes ◽

Pericardial Edema ◽

Eye Pigmentation ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Evaluation of the toxic effects of a widely used synthetic pyrethroid, deltamethrin (DM), was carried out in this study. This pesticide is preferred for pest control because of its low environmental persistence and toxicity. We investigated the expression pattern of four genes, namely, you ( you), yot ( you-too), momo ( mom) and ubo ( u-boot) during early development of zebrafish, that is, from 12 hpf to 48 hpf stages. These stages are selected as most of the important developmental aspects take place during this period. All four genes are known to play a vital role in development of notochord and somites. To understand the effect of DM on development, embryos of 4 hpf stage were exposed to two concentrations (100 and 200 µg/L) of DM, and observations were made at 12, 24 and 48 hpf stages. Our earlier studies have shown phenotypic abnormalities such as notochord bending, tail deformation, yolk sac and pericardial edema, lightening of body and eye pigmentation and interfered in somite patterning, during these stages of development. Understanding the relationship of phenotypic abnormalities with these four genes has been our primary objective. These four genes were analyzed by Reverse transcription (RT)-polymerase chain reaction and intensity of the bands has shown induction in their expression after exposure to the toxicant. In spite of the expression of genes, it was noticed that DM caused abnormalities. It can be said from the results that translational pathway could have been affected.

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Astrometric and Photometric Variability in Quasars

Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s1743921310005648 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 5 (S267) ◽

pp. 103-103

Author(s):

A. H. Andrei ◽

S. Bouquillon ◽

J. L. Penna ◽

F. Taris ◽

S. Anton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Strong Support ◽

Optical Emission ◽

Optical Observations ◽

Massive Black Hole ◽

Full Account ◽

Photometric Variability ◽

Central Engine ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Quasars are the choicest objects to define a quasi-inertial reference frame. At the same time, they are active galactic nuclei powered by a massive black hole. As the astrometric precision of ground-based optical observations approaches the limit set by the forthcoming GAIA mission, astrometric stability can be investigated. Though the optical emission from the core region usually exceeds the other components by a factor of a hundred, the variability of those components must surely imply some measure of variability of the astrometric baricenter. Whether this is confirmed or not, it puts important constraints on the relationship of the quasar's central engine to the surrounding distribution of matter. To investigate the correlation between long-term optical variability and what is dubbed as the “random walk” of the astrometric center, a program is being pursued at the WFI/ESO 2.2m. The sample was selected from quasars known to undergo large-amplitude and long-term optical variations (Smith et al. 1993; Teerikorpi 2000). The observations are typically made every two months. The treatment is differential, comparing the quasar position and brightness against a sample of selected stars for which the average relative distances and magnitudes remain constant. The provisional results for four objects bring strong support to the hypothesis of a relationship between astrometric and photometric variability. A full account is provided by Andrei et al. (2009).

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Career Satisfaction Based on Trust and Proactive Personality

Management Analysis Journal ◽

10.15294/maj.v9i1.36882 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 35-45

Author(s):

Iwan Sunardi ◽

Vini Wiratno Putri

Keyword(s):

Career Satisfaction ◽

Analytical Data ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Test Methods ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Career Needs ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

The City

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the trust of co-workers and proactive personalities on career satisfaction by exchanging leader-members as mediation on employees of bus assembly companies in the city of Semarang. Career satisfaction is the phase in which employees’ long-term career needs are aligned with what they get while working. Employees will always look for opportunities and trust in the organization and people who will help them in achieving career satisfaction. The sampling method uses a purposive sampling technique in the category of staff and foreman employees who have worked for more than five years with a sample of 160 employees. The analytical data in this study uses descriptive statistical test methods, instinctual tests include validity and reliability, and hypothesis testing. The tool used to test in this study uses SmartPLS 3.0. The results of this study, colleague trust cannot directly influence career satisfaction. However, it can be mediated by the exchange of leader members and produce significant influence. For further researchers, they can re-examine the relationship of coworkers’ trust with career satisfaction. And can expand the object of research or respondents under study.

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Heart Rate Dependency and Inter-Lead Variability of the T Peak – T End Intervals

Frontiers in Physiology ◽

10.3389/fphys.2020.595815 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Irena Andršová ◽

Katerina Hnatkova ◽

Martina Šišáková ◽

Ondřej Toman ◽

Peter Smetana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Rate Dependency ◽

Rate Dependent ◽

Heart Rate Correction ◽

Ecg Leads ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Vector Magnitude

The electrocardiographic (ECG) assessment of the T peak–T end (Tpe) intervals has been used in many clinical studies, but several related physiological aspects have not been reported. Specifically, the sources of the Tpe differences between different ECG leads have not been systematically researched, the relationship of Tpe duration to underlying heart rate has not been firmly established, and little is known about the mutual correspondence of Tpe intervals measured in different ECG leads. This study evaluated 796,620 10-s 12-lead ECGs obtained from long-term Holters recorded in 639 healthy subjects (311 female) aged 33.8 ± 9.4 years. For each ECG, transformation to orthogonal XYZ lead was used to measure Tpe in the orthogonal vector magnitude (used as a reference for lead-to-lead comparisons) and to construct a three-dimensional T wave loop. The loop roundness was expressed by a ratio between its circumference and length. These ratios were significantly related to the standard deviation of Tpe durations in different ECG leads. At the underlying heart rate of 60 beats per minute, Tpe intervals were shorter in female than in male individuals (82.5 ± 5.6 vs 90.0 ± 6.5 ms, p < 0.0001). When studying linear slopes between Tpe intervals measured in different leads and the underlying heart rate, we found only minimal heart rate dependency, which was not systematic across the ECG leads and/or across the population. For any ECG lead, positive Tpe/RR slope was found in some subjects (e.g., 79 and 25% of subjects for V2 and V4 measurements, respectively) and a negative Tpe/RR slope in other subjects (e.g., 40 and 65% for V6 and V5, respectively). The steepest positive and negative Tpe/RR slopes were found for measurements in lead V2 and V4, respectively. In all leads, the Tpe/RR slope values were close to zero, indicating, on average, Tpe changes well below 2 ms for RR interval changes of 100 ms. On average, longest Tpe intervals were measured in lead V2, the shortest in lead III. The study concludes that the Tpe intervals measured in different leads cannot be combined. Irrespective of the measured ECG lead, the Tpe interval is not systematically heart rate dependent, and no heart rate correction should be used in clinical Tpe investigations.

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ENHANCING MILLENNIAL PERFORMANCE THROUGH INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS AND EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT

Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen ◽

10.21776/ub.jam.2021.019.03.01 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 459-468

Author(s):

Susanti Dwi Ilhami ◽

◽

Armanu Armanu ◽

Noermijati Noermijati ◽

Nattharuja Korsakul ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Employee Engagement ◽

Information Technologies ◽

Employee Performance ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Intention To Leave ◽

Primary Objective ◽

Individual Characteristics ◽

The Media ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

This study presents a model linking individual characteristics, employee engagement, and employee performance. The primary objective was to investigate the direct effect of individual characteristics on employee performance and its indirect effect through employee engagement. This study used a non-probability sampling technique with a saturation sampling type. The data were obtained by a questionnaire from a sample of 118 respondents of millennial employees in the media and information technologies sector in Yogyakarta. Data were analyzed by used variance-based SEM (SEM-PLS) and found four significant paths models. The result reveals that individual characteristics have a positive and significant effect on improving employee performance. Moreover, individual characteristics are significantly positive in increasing employee engagement, while employee engagement has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. The mediation test result indicated that employee engagement could partially mediate the relationship of individual characteristics on employee performance. Further research can incorporate variables that influence millennial performance, such as job characteristics, intention to leave, job satisfaction, and other variables to improve strategies in enhancing millennial performance.

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HUBUNGAN PENGGUNAAN DIAPERS DENGAN KEMAMPUAN TOILETING PADA ANAK

Health Sciences Journal ◽

10.24269/hsj.v2i1.82 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 117

Author(s):

Rendika Baharudin Abror ◽

Cholik Harun Rosjidi ◽

Rika Maya Sari

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Toilet Training ◽

P Value ◽

Developmental Tasks ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Large Sample ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

AbstractEach child has a task that must be passed well, especially at the age of the child (12-36 months). One of the developmental tasks in toddlers is toilet training. Long-term use of diapers can cause toilet effects. This study aims to determine the relationship between diapers with the ability of toileting in children.The design of this research is Correlation with cross sectional approach. Large sample of 70 respondents. Sampling of the study using total sampling, data collection using questionnaires and calculations using Chi-square Correlation test using SPSS 16.0 error α 0.05.The results of the research variables The use of diapers in children interpreted most of the 47 children of respondents (67.1%) Did not use and almost half of the 23 respondents (32.9%) use. The ability of toileting in children is interpreted by most of the 42 respondents (60.0%) fulfilled, and almost half of 28 respondents (40.0%) are not met.Based on the calculation of Chi-square SPSS statistic shows that p value 0,000 <0,05) means that there is relationship of diaper usage with the ability of toileting in children with the closeness of cc relationship of 0.479 enough category.The results of this study concluded that almost half of them use diapers, and almost half of them do not meet the ability of toileting, the researcher suggests in the research place to put a picture or leaflet about the effect of Diaper Usage on Toileting Ability so that the wise mother in using Diapers.Keywords: diapers, toileting, children AbstrakSetiap anak mempunyai tugas perkembangan yang harus dilewati dengan baik, terlebih pada usia toddler (12-36 bulan). Salah satu tugas perkembangan pada anak usia toddler adalah toilet training. Pemakaian diapers dalam jangka panjang dapat menimbulkan efek yang berbahaya serta bisa menghambat kemampuan toilet training anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Hubungan Penggunaan diapers dengan kemampuan toileting pada anakDesain penelitian ini adalah Korelasi dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Besar sampel 70 responden. Sampling penelitian menggunakan Total sampling, pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan perhitungan menggunakan uji Korelasi Chi-square dengan menggunakan SPSS 16.0 kesalahan α 0,05.Hasil penelitian variabel Penggunaan diapers pada anak diinterpretasikan sebagian besar 47 anak responden (67,1%) Tidak menggunakan dan hampir setengahnya 23 responden (32,9%) menggunakan. Pada kemampuan toileting pada anak diinterpretasikan sebagian besar 42 responden (60,0%) tercapai, dan hampir setengahnya 28 responden (40,0%) belum tercapai.Berdasarkan perhitungan uji statistik Chi-square SPSS menunjukkan p value 0,000< 0,05) artinya ada hubungan penggunaan diapers dengan kemampuan toileting pada anak dengan keeratan hubungan cc sebesar 0,479 kategori cukupHasil penelitian disimpulkan hampir setengahnya menggunakan diapers, dan hampir setengahnya belum tercapai kemampuan toileting maka peneliti menyarankan pada tempat penelitian untuk memasang gambar atau leaflet tentang dampak Penggunaan Diapers Terhadap Kemampuan Toileting, sehingga ibu bijak dalam menggunakan Diapers.Kata kunci: Diapers, Toileting, Anak.

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ESTIMATION OF EFFICIENCY OF CONSTRUCTION OF AGRO-PHYTOCENOSES AND FERTILIZER OF THE OIL RADISH ON THE BASIS OF THE MODULAR-VITALITY METHOD

Agriculture and Forestry ◽

10.37128/2707-5826-2019-3-5 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 54-78

Author(s):

Yaroslav Tsytsiura

Keyword(s):

Plant Density ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Morphological Integration ◽

Plant Oil ◽

Long Term Study ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Fertilizer Rates

The article presents the results of a long-term study of the features of the phytocenology of agrophytocenoses of oil radish using different methods for assessing their condition and studying the tactics of the plant vitality strategy. A comprehensive assessment was made of the effect of changes in row spacing, seeding rates and fertilizer rates on the formation of various plant morphotypes, the variability of morphological characters and the general characteristics of plant viability. Three idiotypes of the plant oil radish were identified in a vertical study of agrophytocenosis, on the basis of which a detailed analysis of the variability of each group and a statistical assessment of the reliability of its existence were carried out. The features of the morphological integration of each tier are analyzed and its impact on the formation of the overall field productivity is evaluated. Based on the modular and vitality grouping, the effectiveness and feasibility of combining various options for plant density and fertilizer in the range of 30-90 kg of active substance per 1 ha were evaluated. Conclusions are drawn about the desired model of agrophytocenosis of oil radish based on the characteristics of its vital tactics and the goals of its growing. Grouping was carried out according to a variety of morphological traits of plants in the population and the possibilities of applying the basic patterns of phytocenology in their application to radish oilseed plants were evaluated. Through the use of regression analysis, the influence of climatic conditions on the formation of various morphological types of plants and the nature of the relationship of plants of oil radish in cenoses of various densities against the background of various fertilizer options has been evaluated. The main promising areas for further research on the peculiarities of creating highly productive and highly adaptable agrophytocenoses of oil radish have been outlined.

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