Disparities of China’s regions development: dependence on the sectoral economic structure

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-95
Author(s):  
A.Yu. Zakharzhevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Tertiary Sector ◽  
Economic Disparities ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Economic Level ◽  
Relative Decrease ◽  
Secondary Sector ◽  
The Relationship

The article explores the dynamics of changes in disparities of China’s regions’ economic level. According to a number of researchers, economic disparities between China’s regions started to decrease from about the mid-2000s. To clarify this picture the article uses indicator of contribution of the region’s GRP to the country’s total GRP. As a result of the research carried out by the author, it was found that in the PRC there really was a period when the economic gap between regions was narrowing down, but in general, changes in the relative contribution of regions to the country’s GRP are more complex than just a decrease or increase in economic disparities. Also, based on statistical data, the article draws conclusions about the relationship between the dynamics of the region’s contribution to the total GRP and the shares of the secondary and tertiary sectors in the region’s economy. It turned out that the increase in the economic level of the region in comparison with other regions is closely related to the share of the secondary sector in the GRP of this region: in most regions of China, the increase in the share of the secondary sector occurs in parallel with the growth of the contribution of the region’s GRP to the total GRP of the country. The growth in the share of the tertiary sector, on the contrary, in most cases is accompanied by a relative decrease in the economic level of the region, that is, its contribution to the total GRP decreases.

TRANSFORMACIÓN Y DESIGUALDAD ECONÓMICA EN LA INDUSTRIALIZACIÓN EN EL ÁREA DE BARCELONA, 1715-1860

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Brea-Martínez ◽  
Joana-Maria Pujadas-Mora
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Tertiary Sector ◽  
Primary Sector ◽  
Secondary Sector ◽  
Market Transformation

AbstractLabour market transformation and inequality were fundamental aspects in the transition to the industrialisation. This article reconstructs the Barcelona’s area economic structure across the 18thand 19thcenturies through the Marriage Licences of the Barcelona’s Cathedral. These documents registered a proportional tax paid by the spouses’ according to their occupational and social status. Since 1780, an important decrease in the primary sector and an increase in the secondary and tertiary sectors are observed. Inequality between economic sectors rose and also within the secondary sector (textile) due to the proletarianization of the workers. Conversely, there was not an increase in inequality in the primary sector while it decreased in the tertiary sector.

A commuting spectrum analysis of the jobs–housing balance and self-containment of employment with mobile phone location big data

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 434-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingang Zhou ◽  
Anthony GO Yeh ◽  
Weifeng Li ◽  
Yang Yue
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Southern China ◽  
The Self ◽  
Tertiary Sector ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Location Data ◽  
Secondary Sector ◽  
Journey To Work ◽  
The Relationship

Studies on the jobs–housing balance and self-containment of employment are mainly focused on observed journey-to-work trips using travel survey data. This study examines the relationship between the jobs–housing balance and the self-containment of employment through the use of mobile phone location data in Shenzhen, a megacity in southern China. Individual-level journey-to-work trips are explored based on mobile phone location big data. Self-containment of employment in the suburban districts is higher than that in the central districts. The effect of the jobs–housing balance on self-containment of employment is examined at a 2 km grid level. Jobs–housing balance policies positively affect the self-containment of employment in the suburban districts, but its effect is limited in the central districts. Two extreme commuting spectrum measures are used to analyze self-containment of employment in different journey-to-work scenarios with the same jobs–housing distribution. Workers are disaggregated into secondary and tertiary sector workers according to job types. The self-containment of employment is found to be mainly affected by the local jobs–housing balance for secondary-sector workers and the regional city level job distribution for tertiary-sector workers. The extreme scenarios of commuting behavior using the commuting spectrum method can provide benchmarks that can help to understand the observed self-containment of employment better.

scholarly journals Analysis of Decision to Work of Female Workers in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-300
Author(s):  
Andi Yhudo Wijayanto ◽  
Dyah Wulan Sari
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Regression Method ◽  
Tertiary Sector ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
Secondary Sector ◽  
Logistic Regression Method ◽  
Work Contract

This study analyze the influence of demographic, social, and economic characteristics on the decision to work of female workers in Indonesia. Based on the data of the National Labor Force Survey (Sakernas) August 2017, this study is conducted by using multinomial logistic regression method to achieve the objective. The result shows the characteristics of demographic, social, and economic have significant effect on the decision to work of female workers in Indonesia. Female workers tend to work in tertiary sector than primary sector. This finding is in line with the trend of increasing female workers in the tertiary sector which is one of the factor that influence the shift in economic structure in Indonesia. Another finding is that the increase of wage reduce the probability of female workers to work in the secondary sector. This condition is probably related to the existence of rules of minimum wage and work contract which bind female workers in the secondary sector, especially in large and medium industrial sector.

Estimation of geographical variation of cancer risks in drinking water in Japan

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
K. Ohno ◽  
E. Kadota ◽  
Y. Kondo ◽  
T. Kamei ◽  
Y. Magara
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Variation ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Cancer Risks ◽  
Geometric Means ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Total Cancer ◽  
Big Cities ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Plausible Reason

The cancer risks posed by ten substances in raw and purified water were estimated for each municipality in Japan to compare risks between raw and purified water, and inter-municipality. Water concentrations were estimated by use of statistical data. Assigning cancer unit risks to each substance and applying the assumption of additive toxicological effects to multiple carcinogens, total cancer risks of the waters were estimated. As a result, the geometric means of total cancer risks in raw and purified water were 1.16×10−5 and 2.18×10−5, respectively. In raw water, the contribution ratio of arsenic to total cancer risk accounted for 97%. In purified water, that of four trihalomethanes (THMs) accounted for 54%. The increase of total cancer risks in purified water was due to THMs. In regard to the geographical variation, the relationship between population size and total cancer risks were investigated. The result was that there were higher cancer risks in the big cities with the population more than a million both in raw and purified water. One plausible reason for the higher risks in purified water in the big cities is a larger chlorination dose due to the huge water supply areas. The reason for the increase in raw water remained unclear.

scholarly journals Strategic resources and smallholder performance at the bottom of the pyramid

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Olthaar ◽  
Wilfred Dolfsma ◽  
Clemens Lutz ◽  
Florian Noseleit
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Agricultural Economics ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Bottom Of The Pyramid ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Strategic Resources ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Resource Based Theory

In a competitive business environment at the Bottom of the Pyramid smallholders supplying global value chains may be thought to be at the whims of downstream large-scale players and local market forces, leaving no room for strategic entrepreneurial behavior. In such a context we test the relationship between the use of strategic resources and firm performance. We adopt the Resource Based Theory and show that seemingly homogenous smallholders deploy resources differently and, consequently, some do outperform others. We argue that the ‘resource-based theory’ results in a more fine-grained understanding of smallholder performance than approaches generally applied in agricultural economics. We develop a mixed-method approach that allows one to pinpoint relevant, industry-specific resources, and allows for empirical identification of the relative contribution of each resource to competitive advantage. The results show that proper use of quality labor, storage facilities, time of selling, and availability of animals are key capabilities.

scholarly journals Revisiting the dynamic interactions between economic growth and environmental pollution in Italy: evidence from a gradient descent algorithm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Mele ◽  
Cosimo Magazzino ◽  
Nicolas Schneider ◽  
Floriana Nicolai
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Gradient Descent ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Stochastic Gradient Descent ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Dynamic Interactions ◽  
Gradient Descent Algorithm ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Main Strand ◽  
Yearly Data

AbstractAlthough the literature on the relationship between economic growth and CO2 emissions is extensive, the use of machine learning (ML) tools remains seminal. In this paper, we assess this nexus for Italy using innovative algorithms, with yearly data for the 1960–2017 period. We develop three distinct models: the batch gradient descent (BGD), the stochastic gradient descent (SGD), and the multilayer perceptron (MLP). Despite the phase of low Italian economic growth, results reveal that CO2 emissions increased in the predicting model. Compared to the observed statistical data, the algorithm shows a correlation between low growth and higher CO2 increase, which contradicts the main strand of literature. Based on this outcome, adequate policy recommendations are provided.

scholarly journals TARGET MODAL SPLIT MODEL

Transport ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 418-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Basarić ◽  
Jadranka Jović
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Transport Policy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Novi Sad ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Statistical Results

The research presented in this paper is aimed at defining a model that enables the management of the relationship between private vehicles and public transport applying the available instruments of city transport policy such as parking policy and public transport policy measures. Statistical data used for modelling is sourced from the database in a wide range of EU cities. The target model was developed in the form of stepwise regression analysis. Very favourable statistical results were obtained, and the subsequent tests on the city of Novi Sad (250000 inhabitants) led to the conclusion that the obtained results were suitable for implementation in practice. The results of the implemented procedure are of great importance for the enhancement of the existing transport policies in cities, as they enable the development of strategies for finding combinations of instruments that would bring the transport system and urban environment into a desired-viable rather than consequential condition.

scholarly journals Soil Nutrient and Vegetation Diversity Patterns of Alpine Wetlands on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6221
Author(s):  
Muyuan Ma ◽  
Yaojun Zhu ◽  
Yuanyun Wei ◽  
Nana Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Vegetation Diversity ◽  
Vegetation Biomass ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
The Relationship

To predict the consequences of environmental change on the biodiversity of alpine wetlands, it is necessary to understand the relationship between soil properties and vegetation biodiversity. In this study, we investigated spatial patterns of aboveground vegetation biomass, cover, species diversity, and their relationships with soil properties in the alpine wetlands of the Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China. Furthermore, the relative contribution of soil properties to vegetation biomass, cover, and species diversity were compared using principal component analysis and multiple regression analysis. Generally, the relationship between plant biomass, coverage, diversity, and soil nutrients was linear or unimodal. Soil pH, bulk density and organic carbon were also significantly correlated to plant diversity. The soil attributes differed in their relative contribution to changes in plant productivity and diversity. pH had the highest contribution to vegetation biomass and species richness, while total nitrogen was the highest contributor to vegetation cover and nitrogen–phosphorus ratio (N:P) was the highest contributor to diversity. Both vegetation productivity and diversity were closely related to soil properties, and soil pH and the N:P ratio play particularly important roles in wetland vegetation biomass, cover, and diversity.

scholarly journals Characteristics of cows’ cicatricial metabolism of different linearity

2021 ◽  
Vol 213 (10) ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
E. Razhina
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Ideal Line ◽  
Microsoft Office ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Veterinary Laboratory

Abstract. The aim of this work is to investigate the relationship between indicators of cicatricial digestion and linearity of cows. Methods. The research was carried out in the breeding enterprises of the Sverdlovsk region on the livestock of Ural-type cows. Cicatricial fluid was collected with an oropharyngeal rubber probe, and a wooden yaw was also used. Cicatricial content was assessed at the Chelyabinsk Interregional Veterinary Laboratory. The pH value was determined by the electrometric method, VFA – in the Markgam apparatus, ammonia – by the microdiffusion method. Ciliates – in Goryaev’s chamber and under a microscope, bacteria – under a microscope with the addition of sodium chloride solution. Statistical data processing was carried out in the Microsoft Office Excel 2010 program. Results. In terms of the number of ciliates and bacteria in the rumen fluid, the Montwick Chieftain cows, characterized by high productive qualities, had an advantage. In terms of pH and VFA, the Vis Back Ideal line was the best. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of the amount of ammonia in the rumen. The best animals from the point of view of influence on cicatricial metabolism were the animals of the Vis Back Ideal and Montwick Chieftain lineage. Scientific novelty. Studies have shown that linearity is associated with cicatricial digestion in cows. The relationship of bull lines with indicators of cicatricial metabolism of cows has been determined for the first time. The food in the rumen is digested due to the action of bacteria, ciliates, and fungi. An environment has been created in the rumen for the active development of microflora. Bacteria are able to synthesize amino acids and vitamins. The proventriculus can contain up to 50 species of ciliates.

scholarly journals Relationship between the state of gastroduodenal organs in children and the quality composition of drinking water

2001 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 464-465
Author(s):  
V. P. Bulatov ◽  
A. V. Ivanov ◽  
N. V. Rylova
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Digestive Organs ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of our research was to establish the relationship between the quality composition of drinking water and indicators of the state of gastroduodenal organs in children. We analyzed the incidence of diseases of the digestive organs according to the reporting and statistical data for the period from 1995 to 1999.

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