scholarly journals STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MEMBRANES AND KINETIC DEPENDENCES OF ELECTRONANOFILTRATION WASTE WATER TREATMENT OF LATINATING PROCESS

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 95-102
Author(s):  
Irina V. Khorokhorina ◽  
Sergey I. Lazarev ◽  
Yuri M. Golovin ◽  
Dmitry S. Lazarev
Keyword(s):  
Packing Density ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Retention Factor ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Amorphous Phases ◽  
Specific Output ◽  
Output Flow

The basic structural characteristics of the membrane and kinetic dependences of the electron-filtration separation of wastewater of the brassing process are investigated. The retention factor and the specific output flow for the near-anode and near-cathode membrane were calculated. The dependences of the retention factor and the specific output flow on the transmembrane pressure and current density are analyzed, and it is noted that the anode membrane as a result of the application of a constant electric potential to the membrane-solution system starts to clog and a sludge layer forms on its surface due to the electrochemical process. A comparison is made of the retention capacity of OPMN-P and OPMN-K membranes for a real spent technological solution after the process of brazing and a model solution containing the same concentrations of copper ions (Cu2+) and zinc (Zn2+) as in real runoff. The structural characteristics of nanofiltration membranes of the type OFAM-K and OPMN-P were studied and analyzed. Changes in the crystalline and amorphous phases of the active layer and the membrane substrate are considered. The change in crystalline parameters in crystallites can be explained only by the structural features of macromolecules of polyamide and their orientation during crystallization. Under the action of transmembrane pressure and transport of water molecules, the polymorphism of the packing of the crystal lattice occurs. The packing density of the amorphous phases of the working membrane decreases, which affects the transport and selective properties of the membrane. In fact, the deformation of an amorphous-crystalline polymer leads to a restructuring of the structure not only in the orientation of the macromolecules of the amorphous, but also the crystalline phases of the membranes. It was also noted that the packing density of the amorphous phases of the working membrane decreases, which affects the transport and selective properties of the membrane.

scholarly journals Mathematical model of the process of ultrafiltration concentration of secondary milk raw materials in tubular membrane devices with filtering elements of BTU 05/2 type

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
D. A. Rodionov ◽  
S. I. Lazarev ◽  
D. N. Protasov ◽  
O. A. Abonosimov ◽  
K. K. Polyansky
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Analytical Solution ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Cheese Whey ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Specific Output ◽  
Output Flow ◽  
Mathematical Equations

For the qualitative application of ultrafiltration processes for the concentration and purification of food solutions, both experimental studies and a mathematical description of the processes of the membrane separation process of solutions from the standpoint of the development of computational mathematical models are required. In this work, by analytical solution of equations, that is, by the method of finite differences, mathematical equations are solved. To obtain the system, the flow continuity equations, convective diffusion equations, Navier-Stokes equations and flow equations with boundary conditions were solved in order to build a mathematical model of the process of ultrafiltration protein concentration in cheese whey in the production of rennet cheeses. As a result of the analytical solution of the equations, a system of mathematical equations was obtained that allows one to construct a profile of changes in the flow rates of the solution along the cross-section of the intermembrane channel and to determine the protein concentration in cheese whey along the length of the tubular ultrafiltration element BTU 05/2 of industrial type. The obtained mathematical model makes it possible to theoretically describe the process of ultrafiltration protein concentration in cheese whey along the entire length of the membrane channel of the tubular element under laminar and transient regimes of solution flow. The resulting system of mathematical equations makes it possible to find the numerical values of the mass flow rate of cheese whey, make it possible to calculate the specific output flow when the transmembrane pressure changes and to calculate the concentration of solutes in the secondary milk raw materials on the left and right ultrafiltration membrane of the intermembrane channel. The adequacy of the developed mathematical model was carried out by comparing the calculated and experimental data on the specific output flow when the transmembrane pressure in the intermembrane channel changes from 0.1 to 0.25 MPa with ultrafiltration concentration of cheese whey. The deviation of the calculated data found by the mathematical model from experimental studies obtained on a semi-industrial tubular ultrafiltration plant BTU 05/2 using semipermeable membranes, in which the active layer is made of fluoroplastic, hemisulphone and polyethersulfone, did not exceed 10%.

scholarly journals KINETIC AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ULTRAFILTRATIONAL MEMBRANES AT SEPARATION OF SOLUTIONS CONTAINING SODIUM LAURYLSULPHATE

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
Sergey I. Lazarev ◽  
Yuri V. Golovin ◽  
Irina V. Khorokhorina ◽  
Sergey V. Kovalev ◽  
Alexandr A. Levin
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Inorganic Membranes ◽  
Permeability Ratio ◽  
Semipermeable Membranes ◽  
Kinetic Dependence ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Specific Output ◽  
Cellulose Acetate Membranes ◽  
Output Flow ◽  
Polyamide Fibers

In work the generalized analysis of literary data on a research of relative permeability ratio of various types of porous organic and inorganic membranes was submitted. Application of a method of X-ray analysis of samples of the semipermeable ultrafiltrational membranes on a diffractometer of DRON-3 and a specific output flow on a flat-chamber ultrafiltration unit is shown. In materials of work the pilot and theoretical studies on isokinetic zones and structural characteristics of polymeric semipermeable membranes in the course of ultrafiltrational separation of the technological solutions containing the anionic and fissile surface substances are conducted. It is experimentally confirmed that kinetic curves on a specific output flow have two isokinetic zones. The first zone, the stage of the ultrafiltration process, proceeds quickly, lasts only a few minutes - 7.8 min and 13.05 min, the second zone is slower with duration of about 30 min and 60 min for ultrafiltration cellulose acetate membranes of the UAM-100 and UAM-50 series, respectively. The revealed isokinetic zones differ in characteristic times, which differ by orders of magnitude, and, as a result, the final kinetic dependence has an exponential form. The comparative analysis of roentgenograms allows to note coincidence of angles of diffraction, but significant redistribution of intensity of reflexes in air-dried and working sapless in the range of scattering angles 2θ from 8°-35°. The obtained experimental data and their comparison with literary, indicate the same set of the diffraction reflexes at corners 2θ = 17°; 22°; 25° for both samples of membranes that corresponds to the crystal reflexes of membranes created from polyamide fibers (nylon).

scholarly journals Features of ultrafiltration purification of industrial solutions of starch and treacle production

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I. Lazarev ◽  
O. A. Kovaleva ◽  
K. V. Shestakov ◽  
K. K. Polyanskii
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Expression ◽  
Retention Factor ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Ultrafiltration Membranes ◽  
Specific Output ◽  
Process Waste ◽  
Output Stream ◽  
Output Flow ◽  
Empirical Coefficients ◽  
Industrial Solutions

The paper examines the specific output stream and the rate of detention of a semi-permeable ultrafiltration membranes, UPM, UAM150, UAM200 in the separation process, waste starch and syrup production JSC., the company "Krakhmaloprodukt" low-pressure baromembrane method. As a result of the analysis of experimental data, the dependence of the retention factor of ultrafiltration membranes UPM-K, UAM150, UAM20 at different concentrations of the dissolved substance was obtained and analyzed. For the theoretical calculation of the process of ultrafiltration separation technology solutions of starch and syrup production modified mathematical expression for the factor of detention and the specific output stream and the numerical values of the empirical coefficients. Ultrafiltration for the separation of waste starch and syrup production the technological scheme of purification, separating the main elements of which was the pre-filter, biofilter, cascade ultrafiltration apparatus, centrifugal and plunger pumps, as well as the adsorption column.The application expediency of the selected apparatus with flat chambers lies in the simplicity of their production technology and in the self-selection possibility of optimum type membranes. It is possible in the presented apparatuses to usemembranes of different types and in the course of the evaluation experiment to establish to what extent they correspond to the most important technological parameters of the process, such as specific output flow, retention factor and resistance to pollution. It is noted that the specific output flow of ultrafiltration membranes decreases with the increase of the initial concentration of the dissolved substance, as the viscosity of the solution increases and its osmotic pressure increases, and the decrease in the retention factor of ultrafiltration membranes is caused by the formation of diffusion boundary layers on the active layer of membranes.

scholarly journals Fabrication and Characteristics of Mn@ Cu3(BTC)2 for Low-Temperature Catalytic Reduction of NOx with NH3

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuo Yao ◽  
Dianli Qu ◽  
Yuxiang Guo ◽  
Yujing Yang ◽  
Hong Huang
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Exchange Method ◽  
Pore Sizes ◽  
Structure Surface ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Reduction Of Nox ◽  
Reduced Water ◽  
Catalytic Performances

Novel catalysts with high activity for the selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3 (NH3-SCR) at low temperatures are highly demanded. In this study, mixed-node metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), e.g. Mn@CuBTC with controlled Mn composition in Cu3(BTC)2, were fabricated using postsynthetic exchange method and their structural characteristics and catalytic performances for NH3-SCR reaction were assessed. A series of analyses in terms of structure, surface morphology, texture, and chemical state determined that Mn ions were successfully incorporated into the Cu3(BTC)2 crystal lattice as well as adsorbed on the walls of nanopores in the framework. The pore sizes can be finely tuned in the presence of Mn ions in the cages, which significantly suppressed water adsorption. The NH3-SCR activity of Mn@CuBTC exhibited nearly 100% NOx conversion rate in the temperature range (230–260°C). The superior NH3-SCR performance is attributed to the proper pore sizes, reduced water content, and the synergistic effect between manganese and copper ions in the MOF structure, which enhanced NH3 bound to the active Lewis sites.

scholarly journals Galvanic Production Waste Water Treatment with Electro/coagulation Sludge in Terms of Nickel and Copper Ions

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Waste Waters ◽  
Chemical Cleaning ◽  
Nickel Ions ◽  
Galvanic Production ◽  
Soluble Aluminum ◽  
Electro Coagulation

A possibility of nickel ions and copper ions recovery from galvanic waste waters with electro-coagulation sludge that is formed in the process of electro/chemical cleaning of galvanic drainage pipes with the use of soluble aluminum anodes has been demonstrated. Nickel ions recovery from the galvanic waste water in case of the optimal proportion of the sludge has reached at least 55 %.

scholarly journals The effect of copper ions, aluminium ions and their mixtures on separation of pectin from the sugar beet juice

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatjana Kuljanin ◽  
Nevena Misljenovic ◽  
Gordana Koprivica ◽  
Lidija Jevric ◽  
Jasna Grbic
Keyword(s):  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Double Electric Layer ◽  
Colloidal Systems ◽  
Divalent Metal Ions ◽  
Ion Antagonism ◽  
Effect Of Copper

In sugar industry there is a problem of the presence of undesirable macromolecules compounds such as pectin in sugar beet juice. The affinity of calcium ions commonly used in the sugar industry for the removal of pectin from the sugar beet juice is relatively small. Coagulation and precipitation of pectin can be performed by process of discharging that is chemically induced. Compounds with di- and trivalent cations such as pure CuSO4, Al2(SO4)3 or their mixtures can be applied for clarification of pectin colloidal systems. According to data from the order of pectin selectivity to divalent metal ions, Cu2+ ions are the first order of ion binding. Also, aluminum sulfate is commonly used in the waste water treatment. Two model solutions of pectin whose concentration corresponds to the concentration of these macromolecules in sugar beet juice (0.1% w/w) are investigated. Using a method of measuring zeta potential, it was proven for both investigated pectin that fewer quantities of Cu2+ ions compared to the values of Al3+ ions are needed to reach zero zeta potential. In all the investigated coagulants and their mixtures, zeta potential has changed the sign. In experiments with mixtures has been shown that pure salts showed better coagulation properties. The reduced strength of binding of cations in the case of most of the applied mixture of Cu2+ and Al3+ ions, can be explained by the mutual competition of these ions for the adsorption site (COO- groups) on the surface of macromolecules. Mixture with approximately equal shares of ions Cu2+ and Al3+ had the most unfavorable coagulation ability (ion antagonism). Mechanism of discharge as well as the model of double electric layer surrounding pectin macromolecules in the presence of mixtures of Cu2+ and Al3+ ions are suggested. However, due to possible undesirable effects of CuSO4 on food processing, Al2(SO4)3 is proposed instead of traditional coagulant CaO, not only because of lower consumptions of coagulants but owing to protection of the environment.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF KINETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF BAROMEMBRANE AND ELECTROBARMEMBRANE SEPARATION OF AMMONIUM NITRATE SOLUTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
Sergey I. Lazarev ◽  
Sergey V. Kovalev ◽  
Dmitry N. Konovalov ◽  
Olga A. Kovaleva
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Membrane Systems ◽  
Specific Output ◽  
Output Stream ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate Solution ◽  
Current Voltage

The paper presents a generalized analysis of literature data on the current-voltage, omics characteristics and electrical conductivity of membrane systems. Based on an analysis of the literature, it is noted that electrodialysis is a promising method for the separation of solutions for the production of ammonium nitrate. An analysis of literature revealed that the application of an external constant electric field to the membrane separation of solutions containing charge-transporting components (nitrate ions and ammonium ions) causes the directed transfer of cations and anions through the membranes. The studies revealed that with the baromembrane separation of the studied solutions with increasing transmembrane pressure, the specific output stream increases. This is due to an increase in the driving force of the process. For the OFAM-K anode membrane, with an increase in the current density, with the electrobaromembrane separation of the ammonium nitrate solution, the specific output stream decreases, which is associated with a change in the pH value of the acidified anode permeate. nd for the OPMN-P cathode membrane, the specific output stream increases with a change in the pH of the alkalized cathode permeate. A modified mathematical equation is proposed for theoretical calculation of the specific output stream and the retention coefficient of the OFAM-K and OPMN-P nanofiltration membranes. Experimental studies of membrane systems equipped with the anode OFAM-K and the near-cathode OPMN-P membranes from voltage and transmembrane pressure revealed that for the aqueous solution of ammonium nitrate there are two characteristic periods on the current-voltage, omics characteristics and electrical conductivity of the membrane system (the first period is beyond regime, dissociation of water (H+ and OH-) at the phase boundary with the advent of additional electric current carriers, the second is the degradation of the active layer of a semipermeable membrane). When studying the current-voltage characteristics of a membrane system equipped with an anode OFAM-K and a near-cathode OPMN-P membranes, when separating model and technological solutions, a decrease in the total omics resistance of the system is observed, which is associated with the solution throttling process.

scholarly journals STUDY OF KINETIC AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MEMBRANES IN PURIFICATION PROCESS OF COPPER-CONTAINING SOLUTIONS BY ELECTRODIALYSIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 65-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantin V. Shestakov ◽  
Sergey I. Lazarev ◽  
Konstantin K. Polyanskiy
Keyword(s):  
Water Saturation ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Retention Factor ◽  
Initial Section ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
Membrane Material ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Water Saturated

This paper presents the analyzed results of the study of structural and kinetic characteristics of ion-exchange membranes MA-40, MK-40, PC Acid 60 and CM(H) (RALEX®) during separation and concentration of copper-containing solutions in the electrodialysis process. In particular, the sizes of amorphous and crystalline regions of the membrane material structure and the degree of crystallinity were determined, the retention factor of cation Cu2+ and anions NO3- and SO42- were calculated. It was found that for mA-40 and MK-40 membranes the structure of the membrane material changes during water saturation, what in turn can affect the kinetics of mass transfer through the membrane. In addition a low sensitivity of membrane material to mechanical and thermal loads under cyclic operating conditions is detected. This is confirmed by the coincidence of diffraction angles at which peaks of dry and water-saturated samples of membranes are observed, and by a non-significant change in the x-ray degree of crystallinity of the membrane material within 5-7% in the smaller side for water-saturated samples. The data, which were obtained during this work, indicate a relatively good cleaning of copper-containing solutions by electrodialysis from extraneous ions (NO3- and SO42-) at high values of Cu2+ cations concentration. In the initial section, slightly less than 90% of Cu2+ cations are retained, while NO3- and SO42- anions remain significantly less – about 16.7% and 25.7%, respectively. It should be noted that the most optimal parameters of electrodialysis are required for maximizing the efficiency of concentration.

scholarly journals Discharge of a 2D magnetic silo

2021 ◽  
Vol 249 ◽  
pp. 03017
Author(s):  
Louison Thorens ◽  
Maud Viallet ◽  
Knut Jørgen Måløy ◽  
Mickaël Bourgoin ◽  
Stéphane Santucci
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
External Magnetic Field ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Packing Density ◽  
Granular Flow ◽  
Temporal Fluctuations ◽  
Output Flow ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Magnetic Pair ◽  
Hele Shaw Cell

We investigate experimentally the discharge of a 2D-silo, a Hele-Shaw cell, filled with a mono layer of ferromagnetic grains submitted to an external magnetic field B perpendicular to the cell plane. In this case the magnetic pair interactions are repulsive. We show that the granular flow rate decreases systematically with the amplitude of the external magnetic field applied. Interestingly, while the output flow rate remains constant during an experiment, we reveal very large spatio-temporal fluctuations of the packing density within the cell, particularly evident for magnetic field of high amplitudes.

scholarly journals The Study of the Correlation between a Specific Output Flow of Acetate Cellulose Films and the Pressure Gradient, Temperature and Classification of the Processes of Membrane Separation of Solutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 095-104
Author(s):  
S. I. Lazarev ◽  
◽  
A. A. Arzamastsev ◽  
V. Yu. Ryzhkin ◽  
O. A. Kovaleva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Kinetic Characteristics ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Cellulose Films ◽  
Output Flow ◽  
Pressure And Temperature Effects

A comparative study of the application of membrane, electromembrane and electrobaromembrane technologies for various industries in the field of wastewater treatment and technological solutions is presented. The principle of classification of membrane separation processes is formulated. The characteristic periods of the solvent transfer stimulation were determined. Based on the experimental data obtained on the permeability of the solvent through the MGA-80P and MGA-95 membranes, empirical dependences are proposed that describe the kinetic characteristics of the dependence from transmembrane pressure and temperature effects.

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