scholarly journals Code-Switching and Code-Mixing in African Creative Writing: Some Insights for Translation Studies

2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Bandia
Keyword(s):  
Creative Writing ◽  
Characteristic Feature ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Code Mixing ◽  
Language Mixing ◽  
African Writers

Abstract Code-Switching and Code-Mixing in African Creative Writing: Some Insights for Translation Studies — A characteristic feature of African creative writing is the use of code-switching and code-mixing as a writing technique. Code-switching and code-mixing have a discourse, referential and sociolinguistic significance in a text. This paper deals with how African writers use various forms of code-switching and code-mixing as linguistic choices having specific pragmalinguistic functions in a text. Our aim is to show how exploiting this type of 'language mixing' for literary creativity calls for specific translation strategies and, how translating code-switched and code-mixed texts requires techniques that can help us enhance our knowledge of the translation process.

Arabic in Modern Hebrew Texts

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Creative Writing ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Population Displacement ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
The Social ◽  
Modern Hebrew

In the late 1950s, Iraqi Jews were either forced or chose to leave Iraq for Israel. Finding it impossible to continue writing in Arabic in Israel, many Iraqi Jewish novelists faced the literary challenge of switching to Hebrew. Focusing on the literary works of the writers Shimon Ballas, Sami Michael and Eli Amir, this book examines their use of their native Iraqi Arabic in their Hebrew works. It examines the influence of Arabic language and culture and explores questions of language, place and belonging from the perspective of sociolinguistics and multilingualism. In addition, the book applies stylistics as a framework to investigate the range of linguistic phenomena that can be found in these exophonic texts, such as code-switching, borrowing, language and translation strategies. This new stylistic framework for analysing exophonic texts offers a future model for the study of other languages. The social and political implications of this dilemma, as it finds expression in creative writing, are also manifold. In an age of mass migration and population displacement, the conflicted loyalties explored in this book through the prism of Arabic and Hebrew are relevant in a range of linguistic contexts.

scholarly journals A Study on Zeng Hu’s Translation of The Thorn Birds from the Perspective of Chesterman’s Norm Theory

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 996
Author(s):  
Chengyi Ma
Keyword(s):  
Translation Studies ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Vital Importance ◽  
Professional Norms ◽  
Norm Theory ◽  
Further Development

Based on the norm theory of Toury and Hermans, Chesterman makes a further development on the study of translation norms. In his theory, translation norms fall into two categories: expectancy norms and professional norms. Expectancy norms are from the expectations of target readers and influenced by the economic, political and cultural factors of the target society. Professional norms manipulate the translation process and are subject to expectancy norms. Professional norms can be further divided into accountability norms, communication norms and relation norms. Chesterman’s norm theory covers the ethical, social and skill norms during the whole translation process, which has great significance for translation studies and practice. The author of this paper has conducted an overall study on The Thorn Birds translated by Zeng Hu from the perspective of Chesterman’s norm theory, aiming to analyze the translator’s conformity to these norms and how these norms influence his translation. It can be concluded that translation is a norm-governed activity. During the translation of The Thorn Birds, the translator Zeng Hu has, in his own way, ingeniously conformed to the translation norms by Chesterman: he not only conforms to the expectancy norms by adopting different translation strategies and styles according to the target readers’ needs, but also applies professional norms to make his translation work well accepted by readers and enjoy lasting popularity. Thus, it can be seen that the instructional and normative effects of translation norms is of vital importance to the success of a translation.

scholarly journals PEMILIHAN KODE PADA MAHASISWA RIAU DI YOGYAKARTA: KAJIAN SOSIOLINGUISTIK

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Juni Mahsusi ◽  
Djatmika Djatmika ◽  
Sri Marmanto
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Code Mixing ◽  
Language Mixing ◽  
Arabic And English

This study aims to identify kinds of codes and to uncover the factors that affect the code selection in the interactions among Riau students staying in in Yogyakarta. Sociolinguistic approach is used in this study.  Informants of this study are students from Riau staying in Yogyakarta. This study employed purposive sampling techniques and data were collected using observation, records and interview. The data were analyzed using the communication ethnography techniques adapted from Dell Hymes. The results showed that the first code in the interactions were: Indonesian language, mixing language, Malay language and foreign language, i.e. Arabic and English. The mixing language occurred in terms of code mixing and code switching. The dominant codes are those of Indonesian language and Malay language. Settings, participants, and topics are primary factors why a code is intended to choose.  

Code-Switching as a Reflection of Contact-Induced Change

2020 ◽  
pp. 192-214
Author(s):  
Ad Backus
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
The Other ◽  
Code Mixing ◽  
Language Mixing ◽  
Lexical Change ◽  
Theory Of Language

Code-switching is often studied in purely synchronic terms, as recorded speech is analyzed for patterns of language mixing. Though this has yielded numerous useful theoretical advances, it has also shielded the code-switching literature from serious engagement with the phenomenon of language change, even from the subtype of change caused by language contact. There is also the additional practice of limiting the study of code-mixing and code-switching to lexical mixing. On the other side of the fence, meanwhile, discussions of contact-induced language change tend to be limited to morphological and syntactic phenomena. This chapter breaks through this stalemate, and argues that a usage-based approach to language change actually demands integration of these perspectives. Code-switching should be seen as a reflection of lexical change. It is for this reason that a synchronic distinction between loanwords and code-switching makes no sense, since the terms refer to the diachronic and synchronic planes, respectively, of the same phenomenon. In the chapter, the author interprets the code-switching literature from this theoretical viewpoint, and explores what both the literature on code-switching and that on contact-induced change stand to gain from linking their empirical findings to a usage-based theory of language change that allocates proper attention to synchrony and diachrony, and unites lexical and structural change in the same framework.

The Translator as a Creative Being with special regard to the translation of literature and LSP

Babel ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irma Sorvali
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Literary Translation ◽  
Language Transfer ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Interview Method ◽  
Il Y A

Abstract The translation process is studied from the translator's point of view. The translator is considered as an individual, i.e. as a creative being, and the process proper is thus seen as a typically human one. Translation strategies have been described in various ways within the framework of translation studies (TS). Transfer as such has very often been studied by linguistic analysis, but this is not sufficient to characterize the process itself. Other kinds of information are needed, which we can best obtain by interviewing translators. The interview method has not been widely used in TS, but it can provide very useful material on the creative nature of the translation process. Aesthetic and emotional values are of great importance in literary translation, but it is very difficult to measure them. Translators chiefly engaged with language written for special purposes (LSP) can be interviewed in a more objective way. Every translator has his principles of translating, and these can display very great variation, due to the creativity of the translator, but there are also phenomena that are common to all translating and all language transfer. There are thus individual and inter-individual differences, but also similarities. It is these differences and similarities that are described here. Résumé Le processus de la traduction est étudié du point de vue du traducteur considéré comme une entité individuelle, c'est-à-dire comme un être créatif, et par conséquent, le processus de traduction est considéré comme étant une activité typiquement humaine. Dans le cadre des études consacrées à la traduction (ET), les stratégies de la traduction ont été décrites de plusieurs manières différentes. En tant que stratégie, le transfert a souvent été étudié par le biais de l'analyse linguistique, mais en soi, cette approche est insuffisante pour caractériser le processus de traduction. Les ET n'ont pas souvent eu recours à la métode d'interview qui s'avère pourtant très utile pour faire apparaître l'aspect créatif du processus de traduction. Dans la traduction littéraire, les valeurs esthétiques et sentimentales sont très importantes mais il n'en demeure pas moins qu'elles sont aussi très difficiles à mesurer. Les traducteurs qui traduisent essentiellement des textes rédigés dans un but spécifique (TBS) peuvent être interviewés d'une manière plus objective. Chaque traducteur applique ses propres principes de traduction qui peuvent grandement varier selon la créativité du traducteur, mais il y a cependant des phénomènes communs à toutes les traductions et a tous les tranferts linguistiques. On peut donc affirmer qu'il y a des différences individuelles et inter-individuelles mais aussi des similitudes. Ce sont précisément ces differences et similitudes que l'auteur souhaite décrire dans le présent article.

scholarly journals In the Process of Being Bilingual of an Indonesian Child: The Phenomena of Code-Switching, Language Mixing and Borrowing

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-120
Author(s):  
Lisda Nurjaleka ◽  
Rina Supriatnaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Code Mixing ◽  
Language Mixing ◽  
The Family

The present study is a longitudinal study for approximately 26 months to the Indonesian child and has been through her second language acquisition in Japan. A Longitudinal study is a research design that involved repeated observation of the same variables over long periods. The acquisition process took place for about four years. After returning to Indonesia, the family wants to keep her second language and do some second language maintenance. While in her process to be bilingual, she experienced a process of code-switching and code-mixing in her daily life using their mother tongue, Indonesian, and her second language, Japanese. This research focuses on how the child maintains her second language and how the bilingual process's phenomena occur through interactions in the family environment. Several language transfers from the second language to the first language occur in their daily life using Indonesian. This study uses an ethnographic research approach. Conducting ethnographic research requires a long-term process by making detailed notes about the group's behavior and beliefs from time to time. Observation and interviews are the procedures used in data collection in the field. The transfer language process is used through the code-mixing, code-switching, and preservation process of the second language after returning home. The results saw that the child both uses language systems in each language and sometimes mixed in between languages, as she has her languages.Keywords: code-switching; language mixing; Japanese as a second language; bilingual process

scholarly journals Challenges in Translation of English Phraseological Units With Onomastic Constituents Into Vietnamese Equivalents

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Viet Khoa
Keyword(s):  
Proper Names ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Proper Name ◽  
Multiple Levels

Translation of phraseological units with proper names (PUPs) is topical for the contemporary translation studies nowadays. It is noted that PUPs reflect the culture and national mentality of a definite nation. Quite a few studies have prospectively examined English PUPs and their translation into other languages, but it is hard to find such an in-depth study in the case the target language is Vietnamese. By employing the qualitative approach, this paper sets out the findings of the study where 241 English PUPs in our compiled database were classified into four groups according to their translations into Vietnamese. The group of non-idiomatic and descriptive translation equivalents accounts for a majority of more than 57% of all the PUPs, proving that PUPs in both languages are highly culture-specific. Although the other three groups share a minority of approximately 43% of all the PUPs, they hold interesting implications and multiple levels of similar or different metaphors. Based on the findings, the paper discusses the challenges translators encounter during the translation process of English PUPs into their Vietnamese equivalents. It is evident that among various translation obstacles, the proper name factor is clearly one of the most challenging issues. The paper then proposes some translation solutions to cope with these special expressions. In addition to recommending to flexibly apply translation strategies, the author's conclusion emphasizes that only when translators manage to decode and grasp how PUPs work cross-linguistically in both languages and cultures can they achieve an appropriate translation of English PUPs.

Simple and complex cognitive modelling in oblique translation strategies in a corpus of English

Target ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Sandra Peña-Cervel ◽  
Carla Ovejas-Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Cognitive Modelling ◽  
English Drama ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Cognitive Operations ◽  
Translation Techniques ◽  
Peninsular Spanish

Abstract This article provides a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the translation of English drama film titles into Peninsular Spanish, drawing on cognitive modelling and following preliminary findings in Peña-Cervel (2016). Our study is consistent with the epistemological and ontological grounding of Cognitive Linguistics (Samaniego-Fernández 2007) and contributes to satisfying one of the major challenges Rojo-López and Ibarretxe-Antuñano (2013a, 10) identify for present-day Translation Studies: To reveal the conceptual substratum that guides the translation process. Our approach does not rely on an exhaustive classification of clear-cut and well-defined translation techniques, but rather on a broad distinction between direct and oblique strategies. We demonstrate how the notion of cognitive operation, as proposed by Ruiz de Mendoza-Ibáñez and Galera-Masegosa (2014), can help elucidate the sometimes seemingly arbitrary relationship between original English titles and their counterparts in Spanish, especially in cases of traditionally so-called free translations. Stands-for relations, such as expansion and reduction, are shown to play a fundamental role in the translation process and the fruitful combination of cognitive operations into conceptual complexes is explored. Our study attempts to go beyond descriptive adequacy in order to achieve explanatory adequacy.

Code-Switching and Code Mixing in the Selected Tracks of the Hip Hop Music of Flavour and 9ice

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-70
Author(s):  
Balogun Sarah ◽  
Murana Muniru Oladayo
Keyword(s):  
Hip Hop ◽  
English Language ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
First Language ◽  
Music Industry ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
National Language ◽  
Code Mixing ◽  
Unique Identity

This article attempts a comparative analysis of code-switching and code-mixing in the Nigerian music industry, using the lyrics of Flavour and 9ice as a case study. Although the English language is the national language in Nigeria and the language used by most of the musicians for the composition of their songs, and due to the linguistic plurality of Nigeria, most of these musicians tend to lace their songs chunks of words and phrases from their mother tongue or at least one of the three major languages in Nigeria, which are Hausa, Igbo, and Yoruba. The Markedness Model by Myers-Scotton (1993) is used as the framework to interrogate the switching and mixing in the codes used by these selected musicians and we find that while most code-switching is done in three languages – English, Nigerian Pidgin and the artist’ first language (mother tongue)  – their mother tongue plays the prominent role. Code-switching or code-mixing in these songs, therefore, becomes a depiction of the Nigerian state with its diverse languages and it provides the links between the literates and the illiterates thereby giving the artiste the popularity desired. The study concludes that the unique identity created by code-switching and code-mixing in the Nigerian music industry has a positive influence on music lovers, helping artists to achieve wide patronage and reflecting the ethnolinguistic diversity of the Nigerian nation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document