scholarly journals Nutrient Evaluation of Different Buckwheat Genetic Resources

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Lovro Sinkovič ◽  
Vladimir Meglič ◽  
Špela Velikonja-Bolta ◽  
Marijan Nečemer ◽  
Rajko Vidrih
Keyword(s):  
Free Amino ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Gene Bank ◽  
Tartary Buckwheat ◽  
Mineral Analysis ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Fagopyrum Tataricum ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum Moench

Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) and tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaerth.) are underutilized pseudo-cereals and both considered nutritional food. Eight common and eleven tartary buckwheat accessions acquired from Slovenian plant gene bank were grown at the experimental fields of the Agricultural Institute of Slovenia in 2014. Dried grains were homogenised and analysed for several nutrient parameters: moisture content (11–14% dry weight, DW), total proteins (11–16 % DW), dietary fibre (15–19 % DW), ash (2–6 % DW) and total fats (1.8–2.6 % DW). The fatty acids (C14:0, C16:0, C18:0, C18:1n9, C18:2n6, C18:3n3, C20:0) were determined using gas chromatography, free amino acids (Gly, Glu, Arg, Lys, Asp, Ser, Phe, Ala, Val, Thr, Pro, Ile, Met, His, Cys, Leu, Tyr) by the high-performance liquid chromatography and multi-mineral analysis (K, P, Si, S, Ca, Fe, Cl, Ti, Zn) using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. The results show significant differences between two buckwheat species, and their gene bank accessions for investigated nutritional parameters.

scholarly journals Breeding Buckwheat for Increased Levels and Improved Quality of Protein

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Zlata Luthar ◽  
Meiliang Zhou ◽  
Aleksandra Golob ◽  
Mateja Germ
Keyword(s):  
Gallstone Formation ◽  
Tartary Buckwheat ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Common Buckwheat ◽  
Fagopyrum Tataricum ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum Moench ◽  
Protein Rich

Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn.) and common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) are important sources of proteins with balanced amino-acid compositions, and thus of high nutritional value. The polyphenols naturally present in Tartary buckwheat and common buckwheat lower the true digestibility of the proteins. Digestion-resistant peptides are a vehicle for fecal excretion of steroids, and in this way, for bile acid elimination and reduction of cholesterol concentrations in serum. Buckwheat proteins are more effective compared to soy proteins for the prevention of gallstone formation. Tartary and common buckwheat grain that contains appropriate amounts of selenium-containing amino acids can be produced as functional food products. The protein-rich by-products of buckwheat are a good source of bioactive substances that can suppress colon carcinogenesis by reducing cell proliferation. The grain embryo is a rich source of proteins, so breeding buckwheat with larger embryos is a possible strategy to increase protein levels in Tartary and common buckwheat grain. However, chemical analysis of the grain is the most relevant criterion for assessing grain protein levels and quality.

THE EFFECT OF TWO HERBICIDES, BROMOXYNIL AND DICAMBA, ON THE TRANSPIRATION OF TARTARY BUCKWHEAT AND BARLEY

1967 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 533-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Friesen ◽  
D. A. Dew
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Tartary Buckwheat ◽  
Fagopyrum Tataricum ◽  
Early Growth Stage ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Herbicide Activity

Tartary buckwheat, Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn., sprayed with a quick- and a slow-acting herbicide continued to transpire water until the plants were dead. The quick-acting contact herbicide bromoxynil, 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxy benzonitrile, reduced transpiration by 50% within one day and by over 80% within two days afer spraying. The systemic herbicide dicamba, 2-methoxy-3,6 dichlorobenzoic acid, did not reduce transpiration to near this level until 10 days after spraying. These transpiration differences due to the differential herbicide activity were highly significant. When buckwheat and barley were grown together and harvested 11 days after spraying, removal of the weed with these herbicides resulted in significantly heavier barley seedlings with more tillers per plant than in the untreated check. The differences in barley dry weight and culms per plant between the bromoxynil and dicamba treatments were not significant at this early growth stage. However, when harvested at the fully headed stage, the earlier removal of the buckwheat competition with the bromoxynil treatment resulted in the production of more dry weight of barley and heads per plant than with the slower acting dicamba.

scholarly journals Breeding Buckwheat for Increased Levels of Rutin, Quercetin and Other Bioactive Compounds with Potential Antiviral Effects

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1638
Author(s):  
Zlata Luthar ◽  
Mateja Germ ◽  
Matevž Likar ◽  
Aleksandra Golob ◽  
Katarina Vogel-Mikuš ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Tartary Buckwheat ◽  
Fagopyrum Tataricum ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Antiviral Effects ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum Moench ◽  
Rutin Degradation

Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) and Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn.) are sources of many bioactive compounds, such as rutin, quercetin, emodin, fagopyrin and other (poly)phenolics. In damaged or milled grain under wet conditions, most of the rutin in common and Tartary buckwheat is degraded to quercetin by rutin-degrading enzymes (e.g., rutinosidase). From Tartary buckwheat varieties with low rutinosidase activity it is possible to prepare foods with high levels of rutin, with the preserved initial levels in the grain. The quercetin from rutin degradation in Tartary buckwheat grain is responsible in part for inhibition of α-glucosidase in the intestine, which helps to maintain normal glucose levels in the blood. Rutin and emodin have the potential for antiviral effects. Grain embryos are rich in rutin, so breeding buckwheat with the aim of producing larger embryos may be a promising strategy to increase the levels of rutin in common and Tartary buckwheat grain, and hence to improve its nutritional value.

scholarly journals Comparative Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses in Response to Cold in Tartary Buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Jeon ◽  
Jae Kwang Kim ◽  
Qi Wu ◽  
Sang Un Park
Keyword(s):  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Metabolic Profiling ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Tartary Buckwheat ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Fagopyrum Tataricum

AbstractPlants recognize multiple environmental signals that lead to substantial changes in the regulation of primary and secondary metabolism in order to adapt to environmental stresses. In this study, we investigate the effects of cold on the metabolome and transcriptome of tartary buckwheat, focusing on the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway. Using RNA-sequencing analysis of the cold-regulated transcriptome of buckwheat, we identified several phenylpropanoid biosynthetic transcripts that accumulated in response to cold. To confirm the transcriptome data, we analyzed the expression of the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic transcripts in cold-treated buckwheat and showed that all the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic transcripts were upregulated in coldtreated buckwheat seedlings with the exception of FtDFR. From the metabolic profiling based on the GC-TOF-MS analysis, we show that most of the sugars and their derivatives significantly increase in response to cold, while some of amino acids and their derivatives decrease in cold-treated plants. Some organic acids derived from the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle increased in the cold-treated plants compared with in the plants grown at 25°C. In particular, the contents of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins were significantly increased by cold treatment. In summary, these results indicate that the metabolome and transcriptome of tartary buckwheat are extensively affected by cold stresses.HighlightUsing the RNA-sequencing data and the metabolic profiling analysis, we identified the changes that occur in the transcriptome and metabolome of tartary buckwheat in response to cold, focusing on the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway.AbbreviationsANRanthocyanidin reductaseANSAnthocyanin synthaseC4Hcinnamate 4-hydroxylaseCHIchalcone isomeraseCHSchalcone synthase4CL4-coumarate:CoA ligaseDFRdihydroflavonol reductaseDPPH2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazylF3Hflavanone 3-hydroxylaseF3’Hflavonoid 3’-hydroxylaseFLSflavonol synthaseGC-TOFMSgas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry3GTflavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferaseHPLChigh-performance l iquid chromatographyLARleucoanthocyanidinPAproanthocyanidinPALphenylalanine ammonia-lyaseRT3-O-rhamnosyltransferaseTCAtricarboxylic acid.

scholarly journals Rutin in buckwheat grain meal determined by UV photoacoustic spectroscopy and HPLC

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ottó Dóka ◽  
Andrea Brunori ◽  
Rezső Schmidt ◽  
Dane Bicanic ◽  
György Végvári
Keyword(s):  
Photoacoustic Spectroscopy ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Tartary Buckwheat ◽  
Fagopyrum Tataricum ◽  
Quick Method ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Quick Determination ◽  
Hplc Data

AbstractA relatively novel approach for easy and quick determination of rutin in buckwheat grain is suggested. The rutin content of the grain in seven common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) and six Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) varieties was investigated by means of UV photoacoustic spectroscopy and HPLC as reference method. The lowest content was found in ‘Botan’ and ‘Bamby’ varieties, while the highest values were obtained in the variety ‘Emka’. Rutin content in grain of all Tartary buckwheat varieties was two orders of magnitude higher than in the other varieties. Rutin content in F. esculentum ranges between 9 and 36 mg/100 g dry weight as compared to 921 to 2 132 mg/100 g dry weight in F. tataricum. The UV photoacoustic spectroscopy data show rather good correlations of R2=0.977 and R2=0.980 with values obtained by HPLC data for all measured samples. Therefore, UV photoacoustic spectroscopy can be a cheap and quick method for determining rutin content in buckwheat grain.

Macroprobe Mode for the Study of Segregation in Steels

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-261
Author(s):  
Auclair Gilles ◽  
Benoit Danièle
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Sheet Steel ◽  
Acquisition Time ◽  
Chemical Information ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Accurate Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Optical Micrographs

During these last 10 years, high performance correction procedures have been developed for classical EPMA, and it is nowadays possible to obtain accurate quantitative analysis even for soft X-ray radiations. It is also possible to perform EPMA by adapting this accurate quantitative procedures to unusual applications such as the measurement of the segregation on wide areas in as-cast and sheet steel products.The main objection for analysis of segregation in steel by means of a line-scan mode is that it requires a very heavy sampling plan to make sure that the most significant points are analyzed. Moreover only local chemical information is obtained whereas mechanical properties are also dependant on the volume fraction and the spatial distribution of highly segregated zones. For these reasons we have chosen to systematically acquire X-ray calibrated mappings which give pictures similar to optical micrographs. Although mapping requires lengthy acquisition time there is a corresponding increase in the information given by image anlysis.

PHAX-SCAN: Functional integration of a Scanning Electron Microscope and an energy-dispersive x-ray analyser

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 56-57
Author(s):  
Marc H. Peeters ◽  
Max T. Otten
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Functional Integration ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Speed Analysis ◽  
Scanning Electron

Over the past decades, the combination of energy-dispersive analysis of X-rays and scanning electron microscopy has proved to be a powerful tool for fast and reliable elemental characterization of a large variety of specimens. The technique has evolved rapidly from a purely qualitative characterization method to a reliable quantitative way of analysis. In the last 5 years, an increasing need for automation is observed, whereby energy-dispersive analysers control the beam and stage movement of the scanning electron microscope in order to collect digital X-ray images and perform unattended point analysis over multiple locations.The Philips High-speed Analysis of X-rays system (PHAX-Scan) makes use of the high performance dual-processor structure of the EDAX PV9900 analyser and the databus structure of the Philips series 500 scanning electron microscope to provide a highly automated, user-friendly and extremely fast microanalysis system. The software that runs on the hardware described above was specifically designed to provide the ultimate attainable speed on the system.

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