scholarly journals Linguoculturological peculiarities of evolution of the borrowed concepts

Author(s):  
Anna Olegovna Shubina

The subject of this research is the determination of common and different aspects in evolutionary transformations of the borrowed concepts in various linguocultures. The object of this research is the borrowed concepts of “reserve” in the Russian linguoculture and such in the French and English. The author examines the frequency characteristics of lexemes – representative concepts, semantic saturation, and structure of the concepts depending on the time and historical events in the Russian, French and English linguocultures. The ways of infiltration from the original language to recipient language are reviewed. Analysis is conducted by means of etymological, definitive, comparative and contrastive methods based on the material of national corpuses of indicated languages by appealing to dictionaries data. It is demonstrated that in the XVIII-XIX centuries the concept of “reserve” was segmental in all three languages and had three segments: “military affair”, “financial-economic activity” and “personality traits”. However, the structure of the concept of “reserve” in the Russian language has undergone transformations: the “personality traits” segment was eliminated, while in the French and English languages the conceptual attributes of personality traits” segment of the concept of “reserve” relevant back in the XVIII century, have survived to this day. The author explores the possible reasons of elimination of the segment of “personality traits” in the Russian language.

Author(s):  
Natalia Lyubeznova

The subject of this research is the syntagmatic motivational linkages in prefix verb derivation of the Russian language, observed in the aspect of synchronic dynamics. The author examines such aspects of the topic as syntagma (combination of two verbal-cogitative components connected by hierarchical relations of the principal and explanatory) and syntagmatic motivation (substantiated by syntactic models). Special attention is given to the fact that the motivated verb derivative structure can correlate with the motivating components in either syntagmatic sphere or paradigmatic sphere. The scientific novelty is associated with determination of peculiarities of syntagmatic motivation of derived verbs, role of the verbal prefixes in syntagmatic motivation, stages of “derivational history” and varieties of syntagmatic motivation of prefix verbs. The following conclusions were made: 1) full structural-semantic syntagmatic motivation – prefix verbs are motivated by syntactic microstructures, including non-prefix verb and prepositional-nominal constructs, in which preposition is materially and semantically analogous to prefix; 2) semi syntagmatic motivation – prefix verbs are motivated by syntactic microstructures, including non-prefix verb and adverb or combination of noun with preposition, consonant with prefix semantically, but not formally.


Author(s):  
З.Д. ДЖАПУА

В настоящей статье проводится подробный анализ всего комплекса определительных сочетаний, основных разновидностей и характерных особенностей эпитетов в абхазском нартском эпосе. Работа продолжает, отчасти привлекает, существенно дополняет и на основе тотального просмотра большого числа новых материалов во многом дорабатывает ранние мои разыскания в области поэтико-стилевой системы абхазских нартских сказаний. Предметом исследования являются почти 1000 сказаний со множеством вариантов, которые будут представлены в академическом издании текстов абхазского нартского эпоса в восьми томах (составитель и редактор З.Д. Джапуа). Чтобы выявить наиболее полную картину системы определительных сочетаний в каждой разновидности эпитетов, по возможности, выделяются основные определяемые слова, которые сопровождают тот или иной эпитет, по следующим сферам: 1) эпические герои; 2) противники эпических героев; 3) эпический ландшафт; 4) эпическая фауна; 5) эпический предметный мир; 6) эпические понятия. Для достижения исключительной точности мы все абхазские примеры переводим дословно, без изменения конструкции словосочетания, хотя в известной степени это и противоречит нормам русского языка. Заметим еще, что в зависимости от того, с каким понятием сочетаются эпитеты, переводы одного и того же определения могут разниться. Здесь же отметим, что в переводе примеры не всегда адекватны оригиналу и не могут передать всего его своеобразия. Отчасти поэтому мы приводим примеры как на языке оригинала, так и в переводе на русский язык. Исследование выяснило, что основное свойство эпитетов абхазского нартского эпоса – это выразительно-оценочный момент, характеристика героической сущности эпического адресата. Эта особенность настолько значительна, что даже эпитеты, называющие реальные качества эпических объектов, часто приобретают метафорическую окраску; в этом и проявляется гиперболическая основа определительных сочетаний абхазского нартского эпоса. This article provides a detailed analysis of the entire complex of attributive combinations, the main varieties and characteristic features of epithets in the Abkhazian Nart epos. The work continues, partly attracts, significantly supplements and, on the basis of a total study of a large number of new materials, in many respects finalizes my early investigations in the field of the poetic and stylistic system of Abkhazian Nart legends. The subject of the study is almost 1000 legends with many variants, which will be presented in the academic edition of the texts of the Abkhazian Nart epos in eight volumes (compiled and edited by Z.D. Dzhapua). In order to reveal the most complete picture of the system of attributive combinations in each type of epithets, if possible, the main defined words that accompany this or that epithet are singled out in the following areas: 1) epic heroes; 2) opponents of epic heroes; 3) epic landscape; 4) epic fauna; 5) epic object world; 6) epic concepts. To achieve exceptional accuracy, we translate all Abkhazian examples literally, without changing the construction of the phrase, although to a certain extent this contradicts the norms of the Russian language. It should be noted that depending on which concept the epithets are combined with, translations of the same definition may differ. Here we note that translated examples are not always adequate to the original and cannot convey all of its originality. This is partly why we provide examples both in the original language and translated into Russian. The study found that the main property of the epithets of the Abkhazian Nart epos is an expressive and evaluative moment, a characteristic of the heroic essence of the epic addressee. This feature is so significant that even epithets that name the real qualities of epic objects often acquire a metaphorical connotation; this is where the hyperbolic basis of the identifying combinations of the Abkhazian Nart epos is manifested.


Litera ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 192-202
Author(s):  
Anna-Saidyyna Vasil'evna Varlamova

The language of fiction literature, language of the classics of national literature, prominent prose writers is the primary source for studying literary language. This article examines the role of interlinear in literary translation and the translation equivalents of complex sentences in the Yakut and Russian languages on the example of the novel “Alampa” by Egor Petrovich Neimokhov in two volumes. The subject of this research is complex sentences in the Yakut and Russian languages. Special attention is given to finding equivalents in translation of complex sentences in the Yakut and Russian languages on  the syntactic level language, as well as to determination of the role of interlinear in fiction literature. Yakut linguistics has started to study the stylistics of Yakut language, while the lexical, morphological, and syntactic stylistics is in its inception stage. The works of researchers dedicated to the syntax of Yakut language cover the questions of syntactic transformations using the example of attributive constructions (Vasilieva, 2002) and syntactic transformations of one-member sentences (Atakova, 2007). There are no special works dedicated to the analysis of complex sentences in fiction texts in the Yakut-Russian translation. This raises the need for studying the equivalents of complex sentences in interlinear translation, and its role in literary translation. The following conclusions were made: 1) the content of complex sentences in the Russian language usually correspond to the such in the Yakut language, although they differ significantly in structure; 2) in both languages, the semantic meanings of complex sentences are expressed through various means that reflect the peculiarities of non-cognate languages, however, separate equivalents are determined among such constructions; 3) in interlinear and literary translation, complex sentences of the Yakut text are preserved in the Russian language for the most part. Thus, interlinear translation plays the role of intermediary translation and directly affects the translation result.


Author(s):  
Evgeniya Mikhailovna Popova ◽  
Guzel Mukhtarovna Guseinova ◽  
Sergei Borisovich Milov

The deficit of subnational budgets and deceleration capital investments in multiple Russian regions increase the relevance of research aimed at improvement of tax incentivizing practice of the regional investment process. The studies focused on determination of the impact of socioeconomic and institutional factors upon the efficiency of investment tax expenses obtained wide circulation within the foreign scientific literature. The subject of this article is the assessment of sensitivity of the efficiency of regional tax expanses towards investment attractiveness of the types of economic activity carried out by the residents of territories of advanced socioeconomic development, created in the subjects of Far Easter Federal District. The scientific novelty and practical values of this research consists in substantiation of the reasonableness of assessment of investment attractiveness of the types of economic activity that are stimulated by tax incentives. Methodology for assessing investment attractiveness is proposed and tested. The conclusion is made that in case of low investment attractiveness of the type of economic activity, which was planned to support by tax incentives, it is required to conduct and additional analysis to avoid unjustified tax expanses.


2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-137
Author(s):  
V.V. Gavrilov ◽  

This article states the need to change the approach, as well as the forms and methods of teaching in the process of developing students' speech within the subject "The Russian language and Culture of speech". The purpose of the study is to describe the ways of active teaching methods application in order to improve students' speech culture. The author notes that modern teaching methods have ceased to respond to the needs of society and do not contribute to successful socialization of university graduates. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that the author proposes that the work on a text (in the broad sense of the term) should become the main one in the teaching process. . The author proposes an updated process model of trainingenumerates those teaching forms and methods that contribute to the successful implementation of the model, describes the conditions of using these methods in the educational process. According to the author, the modeling of problem-based situations, the use of active teaching forms and methods reveal new opportunities to the teacher, help to develop students' communicative competence, and will largely determine further successful socialization of graduates.


Yazykoznaniye ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 82-91
Author(s):  
A.Yu. KHAKHALEVA

The article discusses the main approaches to studying the modern Russian-language PR-discourse that represents a relatively new and actively developing sphere of communication. First of all, the researchers of the Russian-language PR-discourse analyze its lexical composition. In particular, they consider the ways of adapting the English-language PR-terms that play an important role in reflecting new objects of extralinguistic reality. Moreover, the linguistic means of this type of discourse are studied from the perspective of linguistic pragmatics. The works in this area emphasize the importance of such way of speech impact as suggestion and the corresponding pragmatic methods that is determined by the manipulative character of the Russian-language PR-discourse. In the light of this peculiarity, the linguists are also interested in the process of mythologization that consists in distorting the connections between the objects of reality and is aimed at creating the positive image of the subject of PR-communication.


Author(s):  
Nelli A. Krasovskaya ◽  

This article discusses the semantics of lexical units included in the thematic group ‘Plant World’. For a person with a traditional worldview, nature is the basis for the formation of a system of views, values, for numerous rethinking. The material for analysis in the article is provided not by a lexicographic source but by a linguo-geographical one. A collection of maps of the recently published first issue of The Plant World of the Lexical Atlas of Russian Folk Dialects allows us to make rather interesting observations. Work with the material of semantic maps makes it possible not only to establish changes in the semantics of lexical units but also to find areas that are associated with the use of a word in one or another secondary meaning. In some cases, there were created duplicate maps devoted solely to the functioning of lexical units in extended sense. Systemic analysis of maps makes it possible to identify patterns in the semantic shifts of lexemes denoting facts and phenomena of the world around as the main meaning. There have been revealed semantic shifts of lexemes from the thematic group ‘Plant World’ to the field of subject, locative and anthropomorphic registers. Such examples of the extensive use of words are not unexpected for the Russian language. It should also be emphasized that the analysis of comments and other materials accompanying maps allows us to establish the features of shifts in semantics. It has been determined that a shift to the subject and locative semantic register is mainly associated with metonymy mechanisms, while a shift to the area of the anthropomorphic semantic register – with the metaphorical transfer mechanisms. The author draws conclusions concerning both the use of map materials for analyzing the extension of semantics and the features of secondary nominations in lexemes belonging to the thematic group ‘Plant World’.


Author(s):  
В.В. Богданчиков ◽  
Е.А. Тренкина ◽  
Т.А. Шорина

В статье рассматривается методика применения технологий предметно-языкового интегративного обучения в русских школах за рубежом. Рассматривается и анализируется опыт интеграции предметных областей «Русский язык» и «Окружающий мир». Описываются практический опыт занятий по русскому языку с использованием образовательной платформы в русской школе «Николай Гоголь» в Италии и примеры практической методики обучения фонетике, грамматике, лексике, видам речевой дея-тельности. Выявлены преимущества и недостатки применения цифровых технологий для обучения русскому языку и на русском языке. The article discusses the methodology of applying technologies of subject-language integrative teaching in Russian schools abroad. The experience of integration of the subject areas «Russian language» and «The world around us» is considered and analyzed. The practical experience of classes in the Russian language using the educational platform at the Russian school «Nikolai Gogol» in Italy is described, examples of practical methods of teaching phonetics, grammar, vocabulary, communicative skills activity are described. The advantages and disadvantages of using digital technologies for teaching the Russian language and in Russian are revealed.


2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalya S. Subbotina ◽  
Venera G. Fatkhutdinova ◽  
Elena I. Koriakowcewa

The article describes the phenomenon of consistent derivation of words. The concept "word-forming chain" is used for its description in Russian linguistics. The subject of the study is the word-forming chains of nouns as a methodologically relevant means of language teaching. The purpose of the work is to characterize the structural and semantic properties of word-forming chains in the sphere of Russian nouns and to reveal the ways of their systematization. The presentation and the description of derivative groups forming word-building chains is carried out using the system-structural and functional-semantic methods. The study found that the typology of the substantive word-building chains of the Russian language is based on their system-structural reproducibility. The system is formed by binary and polynomial, linear and annular, complete and incomplete chains, as well as the chains that include monomotivated and poly-motivated derivatives. It is proved that the word-forming chain is one of the ways to cognize the systemic organization of the language word-forming level, the morphemic structure of derived words, the idiomatic nature of their semantics, and the linguocultural specifics of linguistic nomination.The purposeful methodical work on the study of consistent derivation as a language phenomenon promotes an active perception of many lexical and grammatical phenomena, as well as the development of the necessary skills of Russian derivative use in speech practice


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