scholarly journals Determinan Konsistensi Penggunaan Kondom pada Laki-Laki Seks dengan Laki-Laki (LSL) Non-Pekerja Seks: Studi Potong Lintang

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arum Zulaikhah ◽  
Sudarto Ronoatmodjo
Keyword(s):  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Respondent Driven Sampling ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ratio Data

Kasus baru HIV di Indonesia cenderung terus mengalami peningkatan. Sedangkan, tren kasus baru di dunia sudah mengalami penurunan. Laki-laki Seks dengan laki-laki (LSL) merupakan kelompok risiko tinggi HIV. Upaya pencegahan penularan HIV erat kaitannya dengan perilaku seks. Studi ini menggunakan 1.161 sampel Survei Terpadu Biologi dan Perilaku (STBP) 2015 pada kelompok LSL yang termasuk bukan pekerja seks. Studi cross sectional ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis determinan perilaku seks konsistensi penggunaan kondom dengan analisis hingga bivariat dengan menggunakan chi-square dan prevalence ratio. Data didapatkan dengan metode respondent driven sampling (RDS) yang kemudian mengeksklusi LSL pekerja seks. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku penggunaan kondom yang tidak konsisten yaitu pengetahuan status HIV dengan prevalence ratio (PR) 1,14 (95% CI 1,02-1,28), pelayanan pencegahan dan penularan HIV dengan PR 1,18 (95% CI 1,06-1,33), serta akses terhadap internet tentang pencegahan dan penularan HIV dengan PR 1,16 (95 % CI 1,02-1,31). Sehingga, LSL yang tidak mengetahui status HIV diri sendiri, tidak mendapatkan pelayanan pencegahan dan penularan HIV, dan tidak mengakses internet mengenai pencegahan dan penularan HIV berisiko lebih tinggi untuk berperilaku tidak konsisten dalam menggunakan kondom setiap kali melakukan hubungan seks. Maka dari itu, perlu program-program yang berfungsi untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan LSL tentang status HIV dirinya sendiri, dan informasi mengenai pencegahan penularan HIV baik melalui program pelayanan maupun internet untuk meningkatkan konsistensi penggunaan kondom pada LSL non-pekerja seks. 

scholarly journals Predictive power of indicators to the perception of food and nutritional insecurity in the Bolsa Família Program

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiane Roncato Cardozo ◽  
Sinara Laurini Rossato ◽  
Maria Rita Marques de Oliveira ◽  
Vera Mariza Henriques de Miranda Costa ◽  
Luiz Manoel de Moraes Camargo Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bolsa Familia

Abstract: The objective was to analyze the predictive power of indicators of the perception of food and nutritional insecurity comparing beneficiary and non - beneficiary families of the Bolsa Família Program, through a cross - sectional study with 150 families. Demographic, socioeconomic, food insecurity (Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale), nutritional status (Body Mass Index) and household consumption patterns were collected. The correlation between the demographic, socioeconomic, nutritional status and level of food insecurity were tested using the Pearson correlation coefficient; the association with Chi-square and ANOVA tests; and the prevalence ratio and 95% confidence intervals with Poisson Regression model. The predictive power of indicators of food insecurity was evaluated with the ROC curve. Patterns of food consumption, demographic and health characteristics were not significantly correlated with food insecurity. In the analyzes with the ROC curve, among the beneficiary families, the income derived only from the Bolsa Família and the Renda Cidadã Program with the Bolsa Família presented a better predictive power of food insecurity, covering the curve by 70%, followed by the difference between the income from wages and rent and gas (70%). The proportions of the total income of families spent on rent and gas had low predictive power (67%). Income components, mainly rent and gas spending, showed a better performance in the prediction of food insecurity among beneficiaries of Bolsa Família, and could be a complementary quantitative indicator to the Brazilian Scale of Food Insecurity.

scholarly journals PERILAKU MENCUCI TANGAN DAN KEJADIAN KECACINGAN PADA SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR DI KECAMATAN PETANAHAN KABUPATEN KEBUMEN

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Muthoharoh ◽  
Djauhar Ismail ◽  
Muhammad Hakimi
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Elementary School Students ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Interval Data ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
P Value ◽  
School Students ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Worm Infestation

Children are the nation’s investment. The future quality of a nation is determined in the children’s current quality. The prevalence of worm infestation in Indonesia is quite high between 60-80% and especially attacks on elementary school children. A long term worm infestation can reduce health that impairs the ability to learn. Risk factors of worm disease include poor environmental sanitation, education level, socio-economic conditions, and health habits such as bowel movement in any places, lack of awareness in hand washing, no footwear as well as geographical conditions.Objective: To know the relationship of hand washing behavior with the incidence of worm on elementary school students in Petanahan Sub-District Kebumen District.The research was observational analytic with a cross sectional design. Sampling was done with a two-level clustering method. The sample size was 213 elementary school students in Grades 3, 4, and 5 that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data was collected using a questionnaire and the results of laboratory tests. Hypothesis testing used chi-square with p <0.05 and 95% Confidence Interval. Data analysis used univariable, bivariable, and multivariable.There was a relationship between worm infestation and hand washing behavior seen from the results that the students who did not wash their hands and were positive with worm infestation were 66 students or 59.46%, while the students that performed hand washing and were negative with worm infestation were 72 students or 70.59%. Statistical test result was significant seen from the p value of 0.0001 and the prevalence ratio of 2.02 (95% CI 1.44 to 2.83).Hand washing behavior on elementary school students of Petanahan District, Kebumen, showed that 52.11% of the students did not wash their hands. There was a relationship between hand washing and worm infestation on elementary school students of Petanahan Sub-District, Kebumen District. Keywords: hand washing behavior, the incidence of worm infestation

scholarly journals The correlation of teacher’s role, peers, and mass media with the incidence of dating violence in adolescents at SMK Piri 1 Yogyakarta

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 2325
Author(s):  
Suci Musvita Ayu ◽  
Liena Sofiana ◽  
Febri Utami Jayanti
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Teacher’S Role ◽  
Teacher's Role ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Forms Of Violence ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Dating violence has long-lasting and also short effects that are serious and have negative impacts severity toward physical forms of violence, psychic, economic and sexual. This study aims to know the relationship between the teachers’ role, their peers and the mass media and dating violence in adolescents at SMK PIRI 1 Yogyakarta.Methods: The design of the study is analytical survey with cross-sectional design.The sample was students of class XI of SMK Piri 1 Yogyakarta with a total of 147 respondents.A questionnaire was used to determine the relationship between the role of the teacher, peers and mass media with dating violence. Univariate and bivariate analyzes were performed with chi square test.Results: There were two variables that show there was a relationship between peers (p=0.009), mass media (p=0.019) with dating violence and there was no relationship between teacher roles and dating violence (p=1.00), peer prevalence ratio values indicate (RP=0.682), mass media (RP=1,432) and the teacher's role (RP=0,977) and confidence interval 95% confidence level, that there are peers (CI=0,528-0,888), mass media (CI = 1,067-1,922) and the teacher's role (CI=0.745-1.228).Conclusions: There is a relationship between peers and mass media with dating violence, and there is no relationship between teachers’ role and dating violence in SMK 1 Piri Yogyakarta.

scholarly journals Factors Related to the Number of Antral Follicles on InVitro Fertilization (IVF)

2016 ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Fransiskus C Raharja ◽  
Ketut Suwiyoga ◽  
IPG Wardhiana
Keyword(s):  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Antral Follicles ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Infertile Patients

Objective: To determine factors which are related to the number of antral follicles on infertile patients. Method: This cross sectional study was conducted in In-Vitro Fertilization (IVF) clinic of Graha Tunjung, Sanglah hospital, Bali. All fertile patients following the IVF program were calculated the number of antral follicles in both ovarian using transgene USG. This sample was recruited by random sampling from April 1st, 2001 to April 30th, 2011. We analyzed the data using Chi square test through SPSS for Windows 17.0 version. Result: Of 102 samples, the mean of patients’ age was 32.9% (SD 4.6) years old. From 72 patients (70.6%) experienced above 3 years of infertile period, the primary infertile was on 69 patients (67.7%). There was a relationship between patients’ age and the number of antral follicles significantly (prevalence ratio (PR) 1.41; 95% CI 1.11- 1.79). Meanwhile, the number of antral follicles and type of infertile (PR 1.02; 95% CI 0.76-1.37) also infertile period (PR 0.95; 95% CI 0.72-1.27) were not associated significantly. Conclusion: Patients’ age has an association with the number of antral follicles on IVF. [Indones J Obstet Gynecol 2016; 4-2: 75-77] Keywords: age, infertile, infertile period, number of antral follicles and type of infertile

scholarly journals Opioid analgesic administration in patients with suspected drug use

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 626-632
Author(s):  
Maria Clara Giorio Dutra Kreling ◽  
Cibele Andrucioli de Mattos-Pimenta
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Opioid Analgesic ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Opioid Analgesics ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Opioid Administration ◽  
Nursing Professionals

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the prevalence of patients suspected of drug use according to the nursing professionals' judgement, and compare the behavior of these professionals in opioid administration when there is or there is no suspicion that patient is a drug user. Method: A cross-sectional study with 507 patients and 199 nursing professionals responsible for administering drugs to these patients. The Chi-Square test, Fisher's Exact and a significance level of 5% were used for the analyzes. Results: The prevalence of suspected patients was 6.7%. The prevalence ratio of administration of opioid analgesics 'if necessary' is twice higher among patients suspected of drug use compared to patients not suspected of drug use (p = 0.037). Conclusion: The prevalence of patients suspected of drug use was similar to that of studies performed in emergency departments. Patients suspected of drug use receive more opioids than patients not suspected of drug use.

scholarly journals Contact with poultry and animals increases risk of Campylobacter infections in adults of Ardabil province, Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Reza Ranjbar ◽  
Daryoush Babazadeh
Keyword(s):  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
East Azerbaijan ◽  
Campylobacter Infections

<p>Background<br />The acute gastroenteritis caused by campylobacteriosis is known as one of the common infectious diseases with worldwide distribution. The aim of this study was to detect Campylobacter species in stool samples by routine culturing and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and explore the risk factors in adult subjects in East Azerbaijan province of Iran.</p><p>Methods<br />A cross sectional study involving 1010 adult subjects, from whom stool samples were collected. Samples with inflammatory criteria like fecal leukocytes (WBC ³5) were selected and isolated through fecal lactoferrin detection test. The WBC ³5 and lactoferrin positive samples were selected for Campylobacter detection by culture and PCR methods. The required information consisting of gender, age, place of habitation, and contact with poultry and animals were asked and recorded. Chi-square test and prevalence ratio (PR) was used to analyze the data.</p><p>Results<br />Of 1010 stool samples, 231 (22.9 %) had WBC ³5, and from these samples 58 (25.1%) were positive by culturing and 61 (26.4 %) by PCR. Subjects having habitual contact with animals and poultry had increased risk of Campylobacter infections by 1.65 times compared with subjects without contact with animals and poultry (PR=1.65; 95% CI:1.07-2.68).</p><p>Conclusions<br />Detection of Campylobacter infections by PCR was more sensitive in adults. Investigation of Campylobacter prevalence in Ardabil showed this bacterium should be viewed as one of the possible pathogens in inflammatory diarrheal cases. People having habitual contact with animals should check the health of the animals regularly and not consume food from suspected sources.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Hubungan kontrasepsi hormonal dengan siklus menstruasi

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
Ferilia Adiesti ◽  
Fitria Edni Wari
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Hormonal Contraception ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptive ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
Cycle Disorders ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive

Latar belakang: Kontrasepsi hormonal merupakan kontrasepsi yang mengandung hormon progestin saja maupun kombinasi dengan kandungan estrogen dan progestin. Metode kontrasepsi hormonal memiliki banyak efek samping, salah satunya gangguan siklus menstruasi, metrorhagia, menorhagia. Akseptor sering menghentikan kontrasepsi hormonal karena gangguan siklus menstruasi. Tujuan penelitian: Diketahuinya hubungan kontrasepsi hormonal dengan siklus menstruasi. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi yang digunakan adalah 80 ibu akseptor kontrasepsi hormonal, dimana pengambilan sampel secara total sampling. Analisa bivariat  dengan uji chi-square (α) ≤ 0,05 dan Prevalence Ratio (PR). Hasil: Sebagian besar responden kontrasepsi hormonal progestin 36 (85,7 %) dan lebih dari setengah responden kontrasepsi hormonal kombinasi 20 (52,6 %) mengalami ketidaknormalan siklus menstruasi. Hasil uji statistik chi square menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara kontrasepsi hormonal dengan siklus menstruasi (p=0,0030,05) dan PR 1,629 (CI=1,176-2,256) Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara penggunaan alat kontrasepsi hormonal dengan siklus menstruasi, akseptor kontrasepsi hormonal progestin beresiko 1,6 kali lebih besar mengalami ketidaknormalan siklus menstruasi dibanding akseptor kontrasepsi hormonal kombinasi.Background: Hormonal contraception is a contraceptive containing progestin-only hormones or a combination of estrogen and progestin content. Hormonal contraceptive methods have many side effects, one of which is menstrual cycle disorders, metrorhagia, menorhagia. Acceptors often stop hormonal contraception because of menstrual cycle disorders. Objectives: Knowed the relationship of hormonal contraception with the menstrual cycle. Method: This study is a quantitative descriptive study with cross sectional approach. The population used was 80 mothers of hormonal contraceptive acceptors, where total sampling was taken. Bivariate analysis with chi-square test (α) ≤ 0.05 and Prevalence Ratio (PR). Results: Most respondents of progestin hormonal contraception 36 (85.7%) and more than half of the respondents in combination hormonal contraception 20 (52.6%) experienced abnormal menstrual cycles. Chi square statistical test results show that there is a relationship between hormonal contraception with the menstrual cycle (p = 0.003 0.05) and PR 1.629 (CI = 1,176-2,256) Conclusion: There is a relationship between the use of hormonal contraception with the menstrual cycle, Progestin hormonal contraceptive acceptors are 1.6 times more likely to experience abnormal menstrual cycles than combined hormonal contraceptive acceptors.

scholarly journals Prevalence and profile of users and non-users of anabolic steroids among resistance training practicioners

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ericson PEREIRA ◽  
Samuel Jorge MOYSES ◽  
Sérgio Aparecido IGNÁCIO ◽  
Daniel Komarchewski MENDES ◽  
Everdan CARNEIRO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Anabolic Steroids ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Poisson Regression Model ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Prevalence Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Prevalence Ratios

Abstract Background To verify the prevalence and profile of users and non-users of anabolic steroid (AS) among resistance training practitioners. Methods: An observational, cross-sectional prevalence survey was performed in 100 gyms in Curitiba city, involving 5773 individuals and self-administered questionnaires. . The chi-square and z-tests of proportions (p<0.05) were used for analysis. Prevalence ratio according to sex and age was calculated using the Poisson regression model (p<0.05). Results: 83.2% did not use, 9.1% formerly used, 3.4% currently used, and 4.3% intended used AS. The prevalence of former or current AS users was 16.9% and 6.5% among men and women, respectively. The prevalence ratios were as follows: 1) 2.6 male users for each woman; 2) 3.3 individuals aged 30-44 years and 2.8 individuals aged 18-29 years for each individual aged over 45 years. Beginners were not interested in using AS, but individuals who had trained longer had higher prevalence of AS use. Conclusions: The gym environment encouraged the use of AS owing to aesthetic appeal. Thus, suggesting the need for actions to prevent abusive use of AS considering the practitioners profile.

scholarly journals Hubungan konsumsi serat dan indeks massa tubuh dengan hiperkolesterolemia di pos pembinaan terpadu (posbindu) untuk penyakit tidak menular Kabupaten Kulon Progo Yogyakarta

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Nur Ifani Shafira ◽  
Rr Dewi Ngaisyah ◽  
Hesti Yuningrum
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Test ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Purposive Sampling

Latar Belakang: Prevalensi penyakit jantung di Indonesia menurut diagnosis dokter pada semua umur sebesar 1,5% dan Provinsi DIY masuk ke dalam tiga besar persentase tertinggi. Penyakit jantung menempati urutan ke˗lima penyebab kematian terbanyak di Kulon Progo. Salah satu faktor risiko penyakit jantung koroner (PJK) adalah hiperkolesterolemia. Sementara itu, konsumsi serat dan indeks massa tubuh (IMT) merupakan faktor risiko hiperkolesterolemia. Data di Puskesmas Pengasih II menunjukkan hanya sebanyak 90 kepala keluarga atau KK (18,1%) dari 498 KK yang makan buah dan sayur atau makanan berserat. Berdasarkan data Riskesdas tahun 2013, IMT penduduk dewasa (>18 tahun) di Kabupaten Kulon Progo terdata kurus 17,8%, normal 60,6%, status gizi lebih sebesar 10,7%, dan obesitas 10,9%. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan konsumsi serat dan IMT dengan hiperkolesterolemia di Dusun Kopat, Desa Karangsari,  kecamatan Pengasih, Kabupaten Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta. Metode: Desain penelitian adalah cross sectional. Subjek penelitian adalah masyarakat berusia ≥40 tahun sebanyak 58 orang. Teknik sampling adalah purposive sampling. Instrumen penelitian berupa cholesterol rapid test, kuesioner SQFFQ, timbangan berat badan, dan microtoice. Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi Square dan prevalence ratio (PR) untuk mengetahui besarnya risiko. Hasil: Konsumsi serat (p=0,002; PR=2,42) dan IMT (p=0,019; PR=2,01) berhubungan signifikan dengan kejadian hiperkolesterolemia. Kesimpulan: Ada hubungan antara konsumsi serat dan IMT dengan hiperkolesterolemia.

scholarly journals Faktor risiko yang mempengaruhi disfungsi tuba Eustachius pada penderita rinitis alergi persisten

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Novina Rahmawati ◽  
Suprihati Suprihati ◽  
Muyassaroh Muyassaroh
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Persistent Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Tube Dysfunction ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Tubal Dysfunction

Background: Persistent allergic rhinitis (AR) can lead to Eustachian tuba dysfunction. It could beinfluenced by many factors. Purpose: To prove that AR’s degree, duration, presence of chronic tonsillitisand the use of air conditioner are the risk factors of the Eustachean tube dysfunction in patients withpersistent allergic rhinitis. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on patients between 11-54years age who came with persistent AR. Tubal dysfunction was detected by tympanometric examination (MEP negative <-25 mmH2O). The data analysis was analyzed using Chi square test and prevalence ratio. Results: There were 68 subjects. The largest age group was 23-34 years old with mean age is 27.8years. Twenty-six patients (32,8%) with persistent AR had tubal dysfunction. Chi square test for persistentAR’s degree, duration of AR and presence of chronic tonsillitis had no significant relationship with tubaldysfunction. The use of AC was significantly correlated with tubal dysfunction (p>0.05). Multivariatelogistic regression analysis found that it became a risk factor for tubal dysfunction p= 0.019, RP=5.446, CI 95%= 1.321- 22.575. Conclusion: The use of AC becomes a risk factor for tubal dysfunctionin patients with persistent allergic rhinitis. Keywords: persistent allergic rhinitis, Eustachean tube dysfunction, tympanometry Abstrak :  Latar belakang: Rinitis alergi (RA) persisten dapat menimbulkan disfungsi tuba Eustachius. Disfungsituba dapat dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor. Tujuan: Membuktikan bahwa derajat RA, lama sakit RA,keberadaan tonsiltis kronik dan pemakaian air conditioner (AC) merupakan faktor risiko terjadinyadisfungsi tuba pada penderita rinitis alergi persisten. Metode: Penelitian dengan metode potong-lintangpada RA persisten usia 11-54 tahun. Disfungsi tuba ditentukan dengan pemeriksaan timpanometri (MEPnegatif/<-25 mmH2O). Analisis hasil dengan uji Chi square dan rasio prevalensi. Hasil: Didapatkan68sampel. Usia terbanyak 23-34 tahun, rerata usia 27,8 tahun. Penderita RA persisten dengan disfungsituba 26 (38,2%). Uji Chi square didapatkan derajat RA persisten, lama sakit dan keberadaan tonsilitiskronik tidak mempengaruhi disfungsi tuba (p>0,05). Analisis regresi logistik multivariate didapatkanpemakaian AC secara independen mempunyai risiko terjadinya disfungsi tuba p=0,019, RP=5,446, CI95%= 1,321-22,575. Kesimpulan: Pemakaian AC merupakan faktor risiko terjadinya disfungsi tubapada penderita rinitis alergi persisten. Kata kunci: rinitis alergi persisten, disfungsi tuba, timpanometri

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