Chongqing

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin Shatkin
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Social Engineering ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Housing Program ◽  
The Social ◽  
Gain Access ◽  
China’S Cities

Chongqing has witnessed an extraordinary experiment in urban development intended to deploy land-based finance as a tool to overcome the social and ecological problems that have increasingly beset China’s cities. This experiment included the use of land-based financing to undertake a public housing program that added a remarkable 800,000 units of affordable housing between 2011 and 2015. It also included efforts to accelerate urbanization through reforms to the household registration, or hukou system, and efforts to give farmers greater ability to gain access to the market value of their land. This chapter places the Chongqing experience in the context of China’s state capitalist model of urban development, which is premised on the state’s ownership of all urban land. This model has allowed the state to use commercial land development by state-owned enterprises as a powerful tool for economic growth, infrastructure development, and social engineering.

scholarly journals Ecological expertise as a factor of capitalization of land resources

2018 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
pp. 09012
Author(s):  
Maria Matveeva
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Market Value ◽  
The United States ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Environmental Component ◽  
Independent Audit

Ecological expertise is considered as a factor of the capitalization of land resources. The conducted research shows that without taking into account the environmental component of the national economy, the process of involving and capitalization of land resources in the economic circulation within the framework of the land development mechanism cannot be realized. The principles of ecological expertise in the article are presented in the form of a scheme. The introduction of green standards for the construction of Olympic facilities and infrastructure in Sochi is the most relevant example of the synthesis of economic, environmental and innovative aspects. Comparative characteristics of the international green standards BREEAM and LEED* (*BREAM (British Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method) are presented. Comparative analysis showed that the BREEAM standard presupposes very stringent requirements (clearly formulated, not allowing deviations, a complicated cumbersome system, the high cost of obtaining approvals), while the LEED Standard is adapted only for the social and economic realities of the United States and provides for stringent requirements for the preparation of documentation, the lack of an independent audit of the evaluation activities; hard link of functionality with architectural forms that are not always acceptable outside of the USA. The application of green standards makes it possible to significantly increase the market value of land plots and necessitates the application of these standards in the development and implementation of investment and construction projects and programs.

scholarly journals SOURCES OF FINANCING URBAN LAND DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
pp. 388-397
Author(s):  
Оlga Petrakovska ◽  
Mariia Mykhalova
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Land Development ◽  
State Funding ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Local Taxes ◽  
Land Owners ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
State And Local

The article considers the sources of financing the development of urban lands in Ukraine. The authors allocated private investments and funds from the state and local budgets. This article considers only the sources of state funding for urban development. Local taxes, including property tax, and land tax, are discussed in more detail. In addition to the above sources, there was a share participation in Ukraine - the only type of direct payment to local budgets aimed at infrastructure development, which has been abolished since 2021. The role of all stakeholders (executive authorities, local governments and territorial communities, investors, land owners / users, business) in the development of urban lands is analysed. The list of stakeholders involved in the process of regulating land development proves that it is a complex process that can only be ensured through the implementation of a targeted strategy by public authorities and the participation of all stakeholders concerned. Today in Ukraine there are no models of direct financing for the development of facilities that ensure the livelihood of the urban population and the needs of the industry. Funds available to local governments come from local taxes and are distributed to various aspects of urban development. 

The Use if GIS Tools in Tourism Research on the Example of Wodzislaw Poviat

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Pukowiec
Keyword(s):  
Land Development ◽  
Graphic Representation ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Tourism Research ◽  
Gis Tools ◽  
Large Databases ◽  
Tourist Infrastructure ◽  
Tourist Development ◽  
Gis Software

Abstract The activities in name of tourist development in Wodzislaw poviat are the reason to evaluate the tourist land development. The evaluation was prepared on the basis of selected indexes characterizing the level of tourist infrastructure development. It considered: the number of lodgings per km2, the number of restaurants per km2, the amount of additional attractions per km2 and the density of tourist tracks. This database was analyzed by the use of GIS tools. Using GIS software allowed working with large databases and provided the possibility to create a graphic representation of the results. The level of tourist land development is diversified and depends on it function. The cities with the best developed tourist infrastructure are Wodzislaw Slaski, Radlin, Pszow, Rydultowy and town in Odra Valley: Olza, Bukow and Nieboczowy. Pszow, Gorzyce and Godow commons have the biggest density of tourist tracks.

Some reflections on social structure: Theoretical and practical aspects

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1063-1078
Author(s):  
T.N. Skorobogatova ◽  
I.Yu. Marakhovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Service Industry ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
The Social ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
The Impact

Subject. This article discusses the role of social infrastructure in the national economy and analyzes the relationship between the notions of Infrastructure, Service Industry and Non-Productive Sphere. Objectives. The article aims to outline a methodology for development of the social infrastructure of Russia's regions. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of statistical and comparative analyses. The Republic of Crimea and Rostov Oblast's social infrastructure development was considered as a case study. Results. The article finds that the level of social infrastructure is determined by a number of internal and external factors. By analyzing and assessing such factors, it is possible to develop promising areas for the social sphere advancement. Conclusions. Assessment and analysis of internal factors largely determined by the region's characteristics, as well as a comprehensive consideration of the impact of external factors will help ensure the competitiveness of the region's economy.

A Short Story of Enrichment

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Schimpfössl
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Foreign Currency ◽  
Social Origins ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Skill Sets ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
The Social ◽  
Bank Accounts ◽  
Gain Access

The opening chapter explores the paradox of a Russian bourgeoisie emerging out of the Soviet elite. It deals with the ways in which these individuals navigated the years of post-Soviet social transformation. Many of the characters in this book were born into socially privileged, highly educated, nonmoneyed Soviet elite. Some used their science vocations and leadership positions in the Komsomol to launch their business careers, exploiting their insider status to gain access to the corridors of power and to foreign-currency bank accounts. While it did help in the climate of the 1990s to be aggressive, wily, and not overly principled, it was more important to have privileged social origins. The new rich used the social assets they had to hand, were quick to recognize which parts of their expertise and skill sets were of no further value in the turmoil, and realigned their resources accordingly.

Children of the Celtic Tiger during the Economic Crisis: Ireland

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertrand Maître
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Celtic Tiger ◽  
Fiscal Adjustment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Transfers ◽  
Tax And Transfer System ◽  
Household Incomes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Scarring Effects

Ireland’s exceptionally deep economic and fiscal crisis had an immediate and profound impact on employment and household incomes. The percentage of children below a 2008 relative income threshold increased in line with prices, rose from 18 per cent to 28 per cent, and by 2012 32 per cent of children were in households reporting severe material deprivation. The impact of the recession was significantly buffered by the social security system providing an income floor for those who lost their jobs, despite cuts in some social transfers, and the redistributive impact of the tax and transfer system increased markedly. Overall the Irish welfare state proved reasonably robust in responding to the crisis, bringing about rapid fiscal adjustment, although public expenditure cuts on key services, high levels of debt, failure to generate adequate affordable housing, and the scarring effects of unemployment mean it will have a lasting impact on families.

scholarly journals Zambian farm blocks: A vehicle for increased private sector investments

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 817-825
Author(s):  
Susanna L. Middelberg ◽  
Pieter van der Zwan ◽  
Cobus Oberholster
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Policy Uncertainty ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Private Sector Investment

AbstractThe Zambian government has introduced the farm block development programme (FBDP) to facilitate agricultural land and rural development and encourage private sector investment. This study assessed whether the FBDP achieves these goals. Key obstacles and possible opportunities were also identified and, where appropriate, specific corrective actions were recommended. Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews conducted in Lusaka with various stakeholders of the FBDP. The FBDP is designed to facilitate agricultural land development and encourage private sector investment. However, the programme falls far short in terms of implementation, amidst policy uncertainty and lack of support. This is evident by the insecurity of land tenure which negatively affects small- and medium-scale producers’ access to financing, lack of infrastructure development of these farm blocks, and constraints in the agricultural sector such as low labour productivity and poor access to service expertise. It is recommended that innovative policy interventions should be created to support agricultural development. This can be achieved by following a multistakeholder approach through involving private, public and non-profit sectors such as non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and donors.

scholarly journals Development of multifactor index for assessing quality of life of a tribal population of India: multilevel analysis approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bagavandas
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Tribal Population ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Multilevel Factor Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Factor Index ◽  
The Village

Abstract Background The main objective of this study is to develop a multilevel multi-factor index to assess the quality of life of the Malayali tribal population of India at the household and village levels based on nine domains, namely, Demography, Economy, Health, Human Development, Infrastructure Development, Work Participation, Recreation, Social Capital and Self Perception. An attempt is made to classify the individuals as well as villages by the overall scores of a multi-factor -index within a community which will help policymakers to develop concrete policy recommendations for the improvement of the quality of life of this tribal group. Method Multilevel factor analysis is utilized to determine uncorrelated meaningful factors and their respective weights using Mplus software from the nested dataset consists of values of nine domains of 1096 individuals collected from 19 villages. A multilevel multi-factor index is constructed using the weights of these factors. The qualities of the lives of different households and different villages are assessed using the scores of this index. Results Three different factors are identified at household as well as village levels. The quality of life at Households and Village levels are classified as poor, low, moderate, good, and excellent based on five quintiles of the scores of the multi-factor index, and the contribution of each domain in this classification is ascertained. Discussion This study finds that at household as well as at village levels, the quality of life of the individuals of this tribal population increases with an increase in education, income, and occupation status which make them lead a healthy life and also make them to find time and money to spend on recreation. Infrastructure is not important at the household level but not so at the village level. Conclusion The main purpose of developing this kind of multi-factor index at different levels is to provide a tool for tribal development based on realistic data that can be used to monitor the key factors that encompass the social, health, environmental, and economic dimensions of quality of lives at the household and community levels of these tribal people.

scholarly journals WASH Financial and Social Investment Dynamics in a Conflict-Arid District of Jariban in Somalia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4836
Author(s):  
Wonder Mafuta ◽  
Jethro Zuwarimwe ◽  
Marizvikuru Mwale
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Random Number Generator ◽  
Limited Resource ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
The Social ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Infrastructure Investments ◽  
The Government

The paper investigated the social and financial resources’ interface in WASH programmes for vulnerable communities. Nineteen villages were randomly selected from the Jariban district in Somalia using the random number generator based on the village list. Data was collected in a sequential methodology that started with transect walks to observe and record the WASH infrastructure. Thirty-eight focus group discussions and desktop reviews triangulated transact walk recordings. The findings indicate minimum to zero investments towards WASH infrastructure in Jariban from the state government, with more dependency on the donor community. The study revealed that resources for the construction of latrines and water sources come from the following sources, NGOs (54.3%), diaspora community (34.5%) and community contributions (11.2%). The findings revealed a backlog in the WASH infrastructure, resulting in low access to water supply and sanitation services. The results demonstrate limited resource allocation by both the government and community, affecting the WASH infrastructure’s sustainability and further development. Due to the backlog in investments, particularly on improved latrines, it is concluded that their usage is low and a hindrance to having access to sanitation, hygiene and water as per the SDG goals, of leaving no one behind. While investment towards WASH in Jariban demonstrates multiple potential sources, there is a need to strengthen domestic resource mobilisation and explore governments’ role and capacity to secure WASH infrastructure investments. It is also recommended to explore how to tax the remittances to fund WASH infrastructure development and the private sector’s role in WASH infrastructure investment.

scholarly journals From TOD to TAC: Why and How Transport and Urban Policy Needs to Shift to Regenerating Main Road Corridors with New Transit Systems

Urban Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Peter Newman ◽  
Sebastian Davies-Slate ◽  
Daniel Conley ◽  
Karlson Hargroves ◽  
Mike Mouritz
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Transit Oriented Development ◽  
Transit Systems ◽  
Historical Perspectives ◽  
Early Case ◽  
Entrepreneurship Theory ◽  
Road Corridors

The need for transit oriented development (TOD) around railway stations has been well accepted and continues to be needed in cities looking to regenerate both transit and urban development. Large parts of suburban areas remain without quality transit down main roads that are usually filled with traffic resulting in reduced urban value. The need to regenerate both the mobility and land development along such roads will likely be the next big agenda in transport and urban policy. This paper learns from century-old experiences in public–private approaches to railway-based urban development from around the world, along with innovative insights from the novel integration of historical perspectives, entrepreneurship theory and urban planning to create the notion of a “Transit Activated Corridor” (TAC). TACs prioritize fast transit and a string of station precincts along urban main roads. The core policy processes for a TAC are outlined with some early case studies. Five design principles for delivering a TAC are presented in this paper, three principles from entrepreneurship theory and two from urban planning. The potential for new mid-tier transit like trackless trams to enable TACs is used to illustrate how these design processes can be an effective approach for designing, financing and delivering a “Transit Activated Corridor”.

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