scholarly journals Anti-atherosclerotic vaccination against Porphyromonas gingivalis as a potential comparator of statin in mice

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11293
Author(s):  
Hyun-Su Ha ◽  
Tae Young Kim ◽  
Soo Jung Han ◽  
Hak-Joon Sung ◽  
Kyoung Yul Seo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Western Diet ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
En Face ◽  
Nasal Immunization ◽  
Humoral Immune Reaction ◽  
Oil Red O Staining

Background Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) is an oral anaerobe which damages teeth and periodontal tissues. Its body infection is known to cause chronic inflammation, thereby inducing an early stage of atherosclerosis through humoral immune actions. Hence, vaccination by immunizing the proteins of P. gingivalis (Pg) post sonication with heating may prevent atherosclerosis. This study aimed to compare the effect of its vaccination with statin, which effectively prevents atherosclerosis by lowering lipids. Methods The vaccine was produced by sonicating P. gingivalis through heating, and a total of 32 male APOE-/-mice (8-week old) were subjected Western diet for 8 weeks, in order to induce atherosclerosis in a physiological manner. Then, the mice were grouped to undergo four treatment conditions (i.e., no treatment, pitavastatin, vaccine, or pitavastatin with vaccine). Vaccination was conducted through nasal immunization and confirmed by a Pg-specific humoral immune reaction. Then, half of the mice in each group were orally injected with P. gingivalis for the next 5 weeks while the other half remained uninfected, generating a total of eight groups (n = 4/group). The mice were sacrificed at 3 weeks after the last injection. After harvesting the aorta, Oil Red O staining of en face was conducted with imaging and image analysis, and plaque formation was quantitatively determined. Results Compared to no treatment, the vaccination through nasal immunization significantly reduced the atherosclerotic plaque sizes in APOE -/- mice under Western diet to the comparable level of statin group. When both vaccine and statin were used, no clear synergistic effect was observed as opposed to expectation. Conclusions This study revealed that nasal immunization of heat shock P. gingivalis has a significant impact on the prevention of arteriosclerosis and acts as a potential comparator of statin.

scholarly journals Evaluation of IL1β and IL6 Gingival Crevicular Fluid Levels during the Early Phase of Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Adolescents and Young Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 521
Author(s):  
Simina Chelărescu ◽  
Petra Șurlin ◽  
Mioara Decusară ◽  
Mădălina Oprică ◽  
Eugen Bud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Background: The crevicular fluid analysis represents a useful diagnosis tool, with the help of which noninvasive cellular metabolic activity can be analyzed. The aim of the study is to investigate comparatively IL1β and IL6 in the gingival crevicular fluid of clinically healthy adolescents and young adults during the acute phase of orthodontic treatment. Methods: Gingival crevicular fluid was collected from 20 patients (aged between 11 and 28) undergoing orthodontic treatment. Measurements were taken before (T0) and after 24 h after distalization forces were activated (T1). IL1β and IL 6 were analyzed using Elisa tests. The statistical tests used were two-sided t tests. Results: Between the two time periods there was a significant raise both in the crevicular fluid rate (0.57 µL at T0 vs. 0.95 µL at T1, p = 0.001) and in IL1β levels (15.67 pg/µL at T0 vs. 27.94 pg/µL at T1, p = 0.009). We were able to identify IL6 only in a third of the sites. There is a significantly increased level of ILβ at T1 in adolescents, more than in young adults (42.96 pg/µL vs. 17.93 pg/µL, p = 0.006). Conclusions: In the early stage of orthodontic treatment, the periodontal tissues of adolescents are more responsive to orthodontic forces than those of young adults.

scholarly journals Nasal Immunization with Porphyromonas gingivalis Outer Membrane Protein Decreases P. gingivalis-Induced Atherosclerosis and Inflammation in Spontaneously Hyperlipidemic Mice

2008 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 2958-2965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Koizumi ◽  
T. Kurita-Ochiai ◽  
S. Oguchi ◽  
M. Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Protein ◽  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
Outer Membrane Protein ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Aortic Sinus ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines ◽  
Nasal Vaccine ◽  
Nasal Immunization

ABSTRACT Porphyromonas gingivalis has been shown to accelerate atherosclerotic lesion development in hyperlipidemic animals. We assessed the potential of a nasal vaccine against P. gingivalis infection for the prevention of atherosclerosis. Apolipoprotein E-deficient spontaneously hyperlipidemic (Apoeshl) mice were nasally immunized with the 40-kDa outer membrane protein (OMP) of P. gingivalis plus cholera toxin (CT) as adjuvant and then challenged intravenously with P. gingivalis strain 381. The animals were euthanized 11 or 14 weeks later. Atheromatous lesions in the proximal aorta of each animal were analyzed histomorphometrically, and the serum concentrations of 40-kDa OMP-specific antibodies and cytokines were determined. The areas of the aortic sinus that were covered with atherosclerotic plaque and the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were increased in Apoeshl mice challenged with P. gingivalis compared to nonchallenged mice. In comparison, nasal immunization with 40-kDa OMP plus CT significantly reduced atherosclerotic plaque accumulation in the aortic sinus and lowered the serum levels of cytokines and chemokines compared to nonimmunized animals. Nasal immunization also induced 40-kDa OMP-specific serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and saliva IgA antibody responses. These findings suggest that systemic infection with P. gingivalis accelerates atherosclerosis in Apoeshl mice, and 40-kDa OMP plus CT may be an effective nasal vaccine for the reduction of atherosclerosis accelerated by P. gingivalis in the hyperlipidemic mouse model.

Effects of Speech and Speech and Sign Instruction on Oral Language Learning and Generalization of Action + Object Combinations by Down's Syndrome Children

1984 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Ann Romski ◽  
Kenneth F. Ruder
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Oral Language ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Down's Syndrome ◽  
Down’S Syndrome ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Linguistic System ◽  
Object Relational ◽  
Sign Conditions ◽  
Level Performance

This study was designed to compare the effects of speech and speech-plus-sign stimulation during comprehension treatment on the oral language learning and generalization of action + object relational meanings. Ten home-reared Down's syndrome children in Early Stage I received concurrent comprehension treatment in Speech and Speech-Sign conditions using a miniature linguistic system. Upon attainment of criterion level performance in both conditions, generalization tasks were administered to measure the effects of the comprehension treatment on the comprehension and the production of treated and untreated action + object combinations. The results obtained from this study indicated that the two treatment conditions did not differ significantly for either learning or generalization. The data did, however, indicate that individual patterns of acquisition were evident among the children. Caution is advised concerning the automatic adoption or rejection of manual sign as part of oral language intervention programs.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Cherry Leaf (Muntingia calabura L.) Extract on Porphyromonas gingivalis Growth

el–Hayah ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Dewi Muflikhah ◽  
Amandia Dewi Permana Shita ◽  
Pudji Astuti
Keyword(s):  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Maximum Concentration ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Digital Caliper

<em>Pathological inflamatory condition that often complained and neglected in Indonesian is periodontal disease . The main ethiology of periodontitis is dental plaque. Porphyromonas gingivalis is one of anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria which contained in dental plaque. Increase in P. gingivalis colony will escalate damage in periodontal tissues. One of the alternative to control microorganism growth is by antibacterial agents in cherry leaf based material which contain flavonoids, saponins and tannins as active subtance. <strong>Objective</strong>: The aim of this study  was to determine the effect of cherry leaf extract to P. gingivalis growth and to determine the maximum concentration in inhibiting the growth of P. gingivalis. <strong>Methods:</strong> This research used experimental laboratories methods with the post test only control group design. This research used well diffusion with 8 samples of each group. BHI-A was filled into petridish and inoculated by P. gingivalis. The holes was made 5 mm diameter and was filled 20μl cherry leaf extract concentration 100%, 50%, 25%, 12,5%, 6,25%, aquadest steril (K-) and Chlorhexidine (K+). Petridish was placed in desicator and incubator at 37<sup>0</sup>C for 24 hours. Zone of inhibition were measured by using digital caliper. <strong>Result and</strong> <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cherry leaf extract contain antibacterial effect which can inhibit P. gingivalis increase in number with maximum concentration of 100%.</em>

scholarly journals Treatment Efficiency in Gaucher Patients Can Reliably Be Monitored by Quantification of Lyso-Gb1 Concentrations in Dried Blood Spots

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Cozma ◽  
Paskal Cullufi ◽  
Guido Kramp ◽  
Marina Hovakimyan ◽  
Virtut Velmishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Dried Blood Spots ◽  
Lysosomal Storage ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Blood Spots ◽  
Enzyme Replacement ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Clinical Consequences

Gaucher disease (GD) is a lysosomal storage disorder that responds well to enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). Certain laboratory parameters, including blood concentration of glucosylsphingosine (Lyso-Gb1), the lyso-derivate of the common glycolipid glucocerebroside, correlate with clinical improvement and are therefore considered candidate-monitoring biomarkers. Whether they can indicate a reduction or loss of treatment efficiency, however, has not been systematically addressed for obvious reasons. We established and validated measurement of Lyso-Gb1 from dried blood spots (DBSs) by mass spectrometry. We then characterized the assay’s longitudinal performance in 19 stably ERT-treated GD patients by dense monitoring over a 3-year period. The observed level of fluctuation was accounted for in the subsequent development of a unifying data normalization concept. The resulting approach was eventually applied to data from Lyso-Gb1 measurements after an involuntary treatment break for all 19 patients. It enabled separation of the “under treatment” versus “not under treatment” conditions with high sensitivity and specificity. We conclude that Lyso-Gb1 determination from DBSs indicates treatment issues already at an early stage before clinical consequences arise. In addition to its previously shown diagnostic utility, Lyso-Gb1 thereby qualifies as a monitoring biomarker in GD patients.

scholarly journals Infection with Opportunistic Bacteria Triggers Severe Pulmonary Inflammation in Lupus-Prone Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Wenchao Li ◽  
Weiwei Chen ◽  
Saisai Huang ◽  
Xiaojun Tang ◽  
Genhong Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Pulmonary Inflammation ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Opportunistic Bacteria ◽  
Enhanced Production ◽  
Immune Dysfunctions

Infection is a common cause of hospitalization and mortality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). How the underlying immune dysfunctions affect the antimicrobial immunity remains largely unknown. In the present study, employing the pulmonary infection model, we determined the antimicrobial defence of lupus-prone mice. After infecting with opportunistic bacterium Haemophilus influenzae (Hi), lupus-prone mice (B6/lpr) exhibited inefficient bacterial elimination and recovered slowly. They generated severer inflammation at the early stage of infection, as excessive accumulation of neutrophils and enhanced production of proinflammatory cytokines were observed in the lung. In addition, a large number of apoptotic cells were detected in the lungs of B6/lpr mice. For adaptive immune responses, B6/lpr mice were capable to generate enough protective Hi-specific Th17 cells. They evoked stronger Hi-specific γδ T17 response in both lungs and spleens. Unexpectedly, both CD4 and γδ T cells from lupus-prone mice showed deficiency in IFN-γ production. For humoral immune responses, compared with those of WT mice, the concentrations of Hi-specific IgA, IgM, and IgG, especially IgG, were significantly higher in the B6/lpr mice. Our findings suggest that lupus mice are capable to generate antibacterial immune responses; however, the overwhelming inflammation and overactivated immune responses increase the severity of infection.

scholarly journals Humoral immune reaction of newborn calves congenitally infected with Neospora caninum and experimentally treated with toltrazuril

2006 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 534-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne Haerdi ◽  
Michael Haessig ◽  
Heinz Sager ◽  
Gisela Greif ◽  
Daniela Staubli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Reaction ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Newborn Calves ◽  
Humoral Immune Reaction

scholarly journals Inhibition of namnam (Cynometra cauliflora L.) leaves extract on the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Zakiyya Ulpiyah ◽  
Amandia Dewi Permana Shita ◽  
Melok Aris Wahyukundari
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Inhibition Concentration

Introduction: Porphyromonas gingivalis growth should be prevented to minimise inflammation in periodontal tissues. Antibacterial herbs need to be considered because there are side effects caused by synthetic antibacterial drugs. Namnam (Cynometra cauliflora L.) leaves are known for having antibacterial effects. The purpose of this research was analysing the inhibition potential, and the highest inhibition concentration of namnam leaves extract on the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Methods: 24 samples were divided into 6 groups. The positive control group was given 0.2% chlorhexidine, and the treatment group was given various concentrations (100%, 80%, 60%, 40%, and 20%) of namnam leaves extract. The disc which spilled by various concentrations of namnam leaves extracts and 0.2% chlorhexidine was placed on a medium which has been inoculated by P. gingivalis, then incubated at 37ºC for 48 hours. The inhibition zone was measured using a vernier calliper. Results: The concentration of 100% had the highest average inhibition zone value, which was 11.43 mm. The content in namnam leaves extracts which serve as antibacterial were tannins, flavonoids, triterpenoids, saponins and quinones. Conclusion: Namnam leaves extract can inhibit the growth of P. gingivalis. 100% of namnam leaves extract has the highest antibacterial inhibition zone.Keywords: Antibacterial, Namnam leaves extract, periodontal disease, Porphyromonas gingivalis

scholarly journals In Vitro Immunomodulatory Effect of Linalool on P. gingivalis Infection

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Santos R. P. B. ◽  
Carvalho-Filho P. C. ◽  
Sampaio G. P. ◽  
Silva R. R. ◽  
Falcão M. M. L. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Multifactorial Disease ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Biologic Effects ◽  
In The Beginning

Introduction: Periodontitis is a multifactorial disease, characterized by an inflammatory response of the periodontal tissues to a dysbiotic biofilm in the subgingival surface. The presence of keystone pathogens, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, is one of the main causes of dysbiosis, although the host response is preponderant in the beginning and the progression of the disease. The periodontal treatment is based on the mechanic scaling of the biofilm but using of chemicals adjuvants has been preconized. However, there are many restrictions related to the antibiotics and other chemical adjuvants usage, which makes the use of herbal medicines for this purpose very promising. In addition, many herbal medicines have been used in the folk medicine, with various biologic effects.

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