scholarly journals Informing the management of acute malnutrition in infants aged under 6 months (MAMI): risk factor analysis using nationally-representative demographic & health survey secondary data

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Kerac ◽  
Severine Frison ◽  
Nichola Connell ◽  
Bethan Page ◽  
Marie McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
World Health ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Maternal Body Mass Index ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Small Infant ◽  
Nationally Representative

Background Tackling malnutrition is a global health priority, helping children both survive and thrive. Acute malnutrition (wasting) in infants aged under 6 months (u6m) is often neglected. Worldwide, some 8.5 million infants u6m are affected yet recent World Health Organization malnutrition guidelines highlight numerous evidence gaps on how to best manage them. To inform future research, policy and programming, we aimed to identify risk factors associated with infant u6m wasting. Methods We did secondary data analysis of nationally representative, cross sectional Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in the last 10 years. We compared wasted infants u6m (weight-for-length <−2 z-scores) vs. non-wasted (weight-for-length ≥−2 z-score). We used simple and adjusted (for infant age, sex, socio-economic status) logistic regression to calculate odds of wasting associated with risk factors spanning three broad categories: household-related; maternal-related; infant-related. Results We analysed 16,123 infants u6m from 20 countries. Multiple risk factors were statistically associated with wasting. These included: poverty (Odds ratio, OR 1.22 (95% CI [1.01–1.48], p = 0.04)); low maternal body mass index (adjusted OR 1.53(1.29–1.80, p < 0.001); small infant size at birth (aOR 1.32(1.10–1.58, p < 0.01)); delayed start of breastfeeding (aOR 1.31(1.13–1.51, p < 0.001)); prelacteal feed (aOR 1.34(1.18–1.53, p < 0.001)); recent history of diarrhoea (aOR 1.37(1.12–1.67, p < 0.01)); mother disempowered (experiences violence; does not make decisions about health issues; does not engage with health services such as antenatal care, does not give birth in a health facility). ‘Protective’ factors associated with significantly decreased odds of infant u6m wasting included: educated mother (OR 0.64(0.54–0.76, p < 0.001)); mother in work (OR 0.82(0.72–0.94, p < 0.01)); currently breastfed (aOR 0.62(0.42–0.91, p = 0.02)), exclusively breastfed (aOR 0.84(0.73–0.97, p = 0.02). Discussion Infant u6m wasting is a complex, multifactorial problem associated with many risk factors; knowing them will help shape international and national management strategies. Whilst our observational study cannot prove causation, many factors identified are biologically plausible and/or socially important. They should be considered when assessing and managing infants u6m. Although supporting breastfeeding is core to future interventions, this alone is unlikely to be sufficient; strategies should involve multiple sectors, beyond just health and nutrition. By noting our results, future intervention studies could focus resources and maximise chances of achieving impact.

Nutritional Status and its Correlates in Equatorial Guinean Preschool Children: Results from a Nationally Representative Survey

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estefanía Custodio ◽  
Miguel Ángel Descalzo ◽  
Jesús Roche ◽  
Ignacio Sánchez ◽  
Laura Molina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
World Health ◽  
Equatorial Guinea ◽  
Severe Anemia ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Who Standards ◽  
Nationally Representative

Background In Equatorial Guinea, as a result of the recent growth of the oil industry, there is an opportunity to address important public health problems through public and private initiatives. To propose effective nutrition and public health strategies, it is important first to have reliable information on the nutritional status of the population and the underlying factors affecting it. Objective To assess the nutritional status and the prevalence of anemia among Equatoguinean children in a nationally representative sample and to identify the risk factors associated with the nutritional problems detected. Methods The study was a cross-sectional survey using a multistaged, stratified, cluster-selected sample. The survey included a sociodemographic, health, and dietary questionnaire and measurement of hematocrit and anthropometric features, from which nutritional indicators based on the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) reference and the World Health Organization (WHO) standards were calculated. Logistic regression models were used for the multivariate analysis. A total of 552 children aged 0 to 60 months were surveyed. Results The overall prevalence of stunting (< −2 height-for-age z-scores [HAZ]) was 29.7% based on the NCHS reference and 35.2% based on WHO standards; the risk factors associated with stunting were age ( p < .0001), low socioeconomic status ( p = .01), and fishing by a member of the household ( p = .003) The prevalence of mild anemia (hemoglobin < 110 g/L) was 69.3%, and that of moderate or severe anemia (hemoglobin < 80 g/L) was 8.3%. The only significant risk factor associated with moderate to severe anemia was low household socioeducational level ( p = .01). Conclusions Stunting and anemia are public health problems in Equatorial Guinea. Integrated strategies, including fighting poverty and improving maternal education, should be undertaken.

scholarly journals Longitudinal relationship of diabetes and depressive symptoms in older adults from Mexico: a secondary data analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e001789
Author(s):  
Teresa Alvarez-Cisneros ◽  
Paloma Roa-Rojas ◽  
Carmen Garcia-Peña
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Health Factors ◽  
Longitudinal Association ◽  
Common Risk Factors ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Relationship Of

IntroductionSeveral studies have argued a causal relationship between diabetes and depression, while others have highlighted that their association is a result of common risk factors. Because Mexico is a country with a high prevalence of diabetes, and diabetes and depression are a frequent comorbidity, we chose this country to investigate the longitudinal relationship of these two conditions, focusing on the influence of demographic, health, and socioeconomic factors which could act as common risk factors for both conditions.Research design and methodsUsing the harmonized Mexican Health and Aging Study, a nationally representative sample of adults older than 50 with a response rate of 93%, we analyzed the longitudinal relationship of diabetes and depressive symptoms using ‘between-within’ random-effects models, focusing on the effect of demographic, socioeconomic and health factors.ResultsWhile older adults with diabetes reported a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms in the four waves of the study, there was no causal longitudinal association between them once controlling for demographic, socioeconomic and health factors (between-effect OR=0.88, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.01; within-effect OR=0.87, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.11).ConclusionsThere is no causal longitudinal association between diabetes and depression; the higher prevalence of depression among older adults with diabetes seems a result of socioeconomic and health factors that are not exclusive to respondents with diabetes but are more frequent in this group. Our results highlight the importance of prevention and control of chronic conditions as well as the role of socioeconomic inequalities in mental health.

scholarly journals Regional Differences in the Prevalence of Anaemia and Associated Risk Factors among Infants Aged 0–23 Months in China: China Nutrition and Health Surveillance

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1293
Author(s):  
Shujuan Li ◽  
Yacong Bo ◽  
Hongyan Ren ◽  
Chen Zhou ◽  
Xiangqian Lao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Health Surveillance ◽  
Western China ◽  
World Health ◽  
Nutrition And Health ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Infantile anaemia has been a severe public health problem in China for decades. However, it is unclear whether there are regional differences in the prevalence of anaemia. In this study, we used data from the China Nutrition and Health Surveillance (CNHS) to assess the prevalence of anaemia and the risk factors associated with its prevalence in different regions. We included 9596 infants aged 0–23 months from the CNHS 2013 database. An infant was diagnosed with anaemia if he/she had a haemoglobin concentration of <110 g/L. We used multivariate logistic regression to investigate the potential risk factors associated with the development of anaemia. We found that anaemia was present in 2126 (22.15%) of the infants assessed. Approximately 95% of these cases were classified as mild anaemia. Based on the guidelines laid out by the World Health Organization, 5.5% and 43.6% of the surveillance sites were categorized as having severe and moderate epidemic levels of anaemia, respectively. The prevalence of infantile anaemia in Eastern, Central and Western China was 16.67%, 22.25% and 27.44%, respectively. Premature birth, low birth weight, breastfeeding and residence in Western China were significantly associated with higher odds of developing anaemia. Female sex and having mothers with high levels of education and maternal birth age >25 years were associated with lower odds of developing anaemia. In conclusion, we observed significant regional disparities in the prevalence of infantile anaemia in China. Western China had the highest prevalence of infantile anaemia, and rural regions showed a higher prevalence of anaemia than urban regions.

Prevalence of and factors associated with insufficient physical activity among adolescents: evidence from a nationwide survey in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Md Mokbul Hossain ◽  
Fahmida Akter ◽  
Abu Abdullah Mohammad Hanif ◽  
Md Showkat Ali Khan ◽  
Abu Ahmed Shamim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
World Health ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Adolescent Girls And Boys ◽  
The World ◽  
Insufficient Physical Activity ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract The World Health Organization set a target of a 15% relative reduction in the prevalence of insufficient physical activity (IPA) by 2025 among adolescents and adults globally. In Bangladesh, there are no national estimates of the prevalence of IPA among adolescents. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of and risk factors associated with IPA among adolescent girls and boys. Data for 4865 adolescent girls and 4907 adolescent boys, collected as a part of a National Nutrition Surveillance in 2018–19, were analysed for this study. A modified version of the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) was used to collect physical activity data. The World Health Organization recommended cut-off points were used to estimate the prevalence of IPA. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with IPA. Prevalences of IPA among adolescent girls and boys were 50.3% and 29.0%, respectively, and the prevalence was significantly higher among early adolescents (10–14 years) than late adolescents (15–19 years) among both boys and girls. The IPA prevalence was highest among adolescents living in non-slum urban areas (girls: 77.7%; boys: 64.1%). For both boys and girls, younger age, non-slum urban residence, higher paternal education and increased television viewing time were significantly associated with IPA. Additionally, residing in slums was significantly associated with IPA only among the boys. Higher maternal education was associated with IPA only among the girls. This study identified several modifiable risk factors associated with IPA among adolescent boys and girls in Bangladesh. These factors should be addressed through comprehensive public health interventions to promote physical activity among adolescent girls and boys.

Socio-demographic and Household-Level Risk Factors for Severe Acute Malnutrition in Pre-school Children in North-Western Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 589-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulazeez Imam ◽  
Fatimah Hassan-Hanga ◽  
Azeezat Sallahdeen ◽  
Zubaida L Farouk
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
General Education ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
World Health ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Household Level ◽  
The North ◽  
North Western

Abstract Background Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality and is disproportionately distributed mainly in developing countries. In Nigeria, the prevalence of SAM in the North-Western region of the country is significantly higher than the national average. In this study, we identified risk factors for SAM in North-Western Nigeria. Identifying such risk factors would be helpful in developing local preventive strategies and providing insights for broader SAM control programs in other high-burden country settings. Methods We performed post hoc data analysis, comparing baseline socio-demographic and household-level risk factors in a cohort of 1011 children aged between 6 and 59 months who either had SAM or were well-nourished children. We defined nutritional status using the World Health Organization (WHO) reference standards and investigated the association between SAM and our identified risk factors using multivariable logistic regression model. Results Children aged between 12 and 23 months [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.99–4.38], household who reared domestic animals (AOR 1.94, 95% CI 1.40–2.69) and those from polygamous households (AOR 1.91, 95% CI 1.33–2.74) had significantly increased odds of developing SAM. Parental education and being on the household diet reduced the odds of having SAM. Conclusions Our findings suggest the need to develop optimal complementary feeding nutrition programs and promote adult and general education in our community. Cultural and feeding practices in local polygamous households also need further investigation to understand the association between polygamy with SAM.

An overview of the risk factors that contribute to child labor in Turkey: Implications for research, policy, and practice

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 688-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozge Sensoy Bahar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Child Labor ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Individual Family

Child labor is a serious issue in Turkey. This article provides a review of the current literature on risk factors associated with child labor in Turkey. Emphasizing their multilayered nature, the article examines risk factors contributing to child labor in Turkey by clustering them under individual, family, and structural factors. Recommendations for future research, policy, and practice are also discussed.

scholarly journals Prevalence and factors associated with childhood diarrheal disease and acute respiratory infection in Bangladesh: An analysis of a nationwide cross-sectional survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satyajit Kundu ◽  
Subarna Kundu ◽  
Md. Hasan Al Banna ◽  
Bright Opoku Ahinkorah ◽  
Abdul-Aziz Seidu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Objectives: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of CDDs and ARIs and also to determine the factors associated with these conditions at the population level in Bangladesh.Setting: The study entailed an analysis of nationally representative cross-sectional secondary data from the most recent Bangladesh Demography and Health Survey (BDHS) data conducted in 2017–2018.Participants: A total of 7222 children < 5 years old for CDDs, and 7215 children aged below 5 years for ARIs during the survey from mothers aged between 15 to 49 years are the participants of this study.Results: The overall prevalence of CDD and ARI among children < 5 years old were found to be 4.91% and 3.03%, respectively. Younger children were more likely to develop both CDDs and ARIs compared to their older counterparts. Children belonging to households classified as poorest (aOR = 2.414, 95% CI (1.091 to 5.341)) and with unimproved floor materials (aOR = 1.821, 95% CI (1.145 to 2.896)) had a higher prevalence of diarrhea than those from households identified as richest and with improved floor material, respectively. Stunted children had 40.8% higher odds of diarrhea than normal children (aOR = 1.408, 95% CI (1.055 to 1.879)). Male children were 48.9% more likely to develop ARI than female children (aOR = 1.489, 95% CI (1.132 to 1.960)). Children of mothers aged below 20 years had 2 times higher odds of ARI compared to children of mothers aged 20 to 34 years (aOR = 2.166, 95% CI (1.403 to 3.344)). Children whose mothers had no formal education or had primary and secondary education had higher odds of ARI compared to children of mothers having higher education.Conclusion: Programs targeting children aged below 23 months should be designed and emphasis should be given to addressing barriers to mother’s education and household wealth to reduce CDDs and ARIs.

scholarly journals Adherence to ready-to-use food and acceptability of outpatient nutritional therapy in HIV-infected undernourished Senegalese adolescents: research-based recommendations for routine care.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatou Niasse ◽  
Marie Varloteaux ◽  
Karim Diop ◽  
Sidy Mokhtar Ndiaye ◽  
François Niokhor Diouf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Nutritional Therapy ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽  
Growth Standards ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Overall Acceptability

Abstract Background: Ready-to-use food (RUF) is increasingly used for nutritional therapy in HIV-infected individuals. However, practical guidance advising nutrition care to HIV-infected adolescents is lacking, so that little is known about the acceptability of such therapy in this vulnerable population. This study assesses the overall acceptability and perception of a RUF-based therapy and risk factors associated with sub-optimal RUF intake in HIV-infected undernourished adolescents in Senegal.Methods: Participants 5 to 18 years of age with acute malnutrition were enrolled in 12 HIV clinics in Senegal. Participants were provided with imported RUF, according to WHO prescription weight- and age-bands (2009), until recovery or for a maximum of 9-12 months. Malnutrition and recovery were defined according to WHO growth standards. Adherence was assessed fortnightly by self-reported RUF intake over the period. Sub-optimal RUF intake was defined as when consumption of the RUF provision was < 50%. RUF therapy acceptability and perceptions were assessed using a structured questionnaire at week 2 and focus group discussions (FGDs) at the end of the study. Factors associated with sub-optimal RUF intake at week 2 were identified using a stepwise logistic regression model. Results: We enrolled 173 participants, with a median age of 12.5 years (Interquartile range: 9.5 – 14.9), of whom 61% recovered from malnutrition within the study period. Median follow-up duration was 66 days (21 – 224). RUF consumption was stable, varying between 64% and 57% of the RUF provided, throughout the follow-up. At week 2, sub-optimal RUF intake was observed in 31% of participants. Dislike of the taste of RUF (aOR=5.0, 95% CI: 2.0 – 12.3), HIV non-disclosure (5.1, 1.9 – 13.9) and food insecurity (2.8, 1.1 – 7.2) were the major risk factors associated with sub-optimal RUF intake at week 2. FGDs showed that the need to hide from others to avoid sharing and undesirable effects were other constraints on RUF feeding. Conclusions: This study revealed several factors reducing the acceptability and adherence to RUF therapy based on WHO guidelines in HIV-infected adolescents. Tailoring prescription guidance and empowering young patients in their care are crucial levers for improving the acceptability of RUF-based therapy in routine care. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03101852, 04/04/2017

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