scholarly journals Artificial substrata increase pond farming density of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) by increasing the bacteria that participate in nitrogen and phosphorus cycles in pond water

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7906
Author(s):  
Zhifei Li ◽  
Guangjun Wang ◽  
Ermeng Yu ◽  
Kai Zhang ◽  
Deguang Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Grass Carp ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Artificial Substrata ◽  
Intensive Aquaculture ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate

Aquaculture has become a primary method to produce various aquatic products, and intensive aquaculture technologies have become commercially important. To improve the efficiency of intensive aquaculture per unit area without reducing the growth rate of cultured fish, the present study explored the potential of artificial substrata in ponds. Our results showed that the concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorous (TP) in the ponds with different stocking densities of grass carp were lower than those in the control group in most cases. Further, the feed conversion rate of grass carp was significantly reduced by introducing these artificial substrata, and the culture density could be significantly increased without reducing the growth rates of these fish. Artificial substrata also significantly enriched specific bacteria and changed the structure of the microbiota in pond water. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria was significantly increased, and bacteria closely related to N and P cycles, such as Hyphomicrobium, Chitinimonas, Legionella, Shewanella, Roseiflexus, and Planktothrix were significantly enhanced. These results showed that the artificial substratum could increase TN and TP removal in aquaculture pond water by enriching N and P cycle-related bacteria, thus significantly increasing the specific growth rate of grass carp and significantly reducing their feed conversion rate. Finally, the stocking density of grass carp and the yield per unit area of pond could be increased without reducing the growth rate.

scholarly journals Research on the Influence of the Light and Sexing on Growth Performance and Slaughter Results at Young Quails from Mixed Baloteşti Population of Eggs-Meat

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Lucian IONITA ◽  
Elena POPESCU-MICLOSANU ◽  
George NICA ◽  
Cornel Octavian PANA
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate ◽  
Average Weight Gain ◽  
Experimental Group

The purposes of determining the influence of the light and sexing on growth performance and slaughter results atyoung quails from Balotesti population, was organized an experiment on 150 quails, betwen age of 28 and 70 days. The chicks were divided into two groups (control and experimental), and growth and slaughter performance were determined separately by sex. Have studied 2 lighting programs, a program of continous lighting with photoperiod duration of 16 hours (16 L + 8 N, control group) and a program with lighting with asymetric hours intervals with photoperiod duration of 16 hours (10L+2N+6L+6N, experimental group).Males and females from the experimental group were recorded average performance of growth high during the period 28 - 70 days. Live weight at age of 70 days was higher with 7.54 %, average weight gain was higher with 14.86 % and feed conversion rate was lower with 13.51 % at males from experimental group compared to males from the control group. Also, the live weight at the age of 70 days was higher with 18.09 %; average weight gain was higher with 35.12 %, while feed conversion rate was reduced with 30.08 % on females from the experimental group compared to females from the control group.The results of the slaughter at 70 days were superior in the caseof females from the both groups versus males. The average weight of the carcase was higher with 17.53 % in case of the females than that of males from the experimental group, and the carcase yield was 65.37 % at the females and 65.56 % for males. Also, the average weight of the carcase was higher with 5.08 % in case of females compared to that males from the control group, and the carcase yield was 64.20 % to females 66.70 % on males.Superior results recorded in the case of females and males from the experimental group recommended the program of lighting with asymmetric hours intervals in the growth of youth quail. Also, the higher slaughter results recorded in the case of females of the two groups recommended them in the meat production through a broiler of quail that combine advantages in the production of both males and females. 

A note on the use of sodium hydroxide treated straw pellets in diets for growing rabbits

1979 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. de Blas ◽  
Yolanda Merino ◽  
Maria J. Fraga ◽  
J. F. Gálvez
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Cereal Straw ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate

ABSTRACTThe effects of the inclusion of increasing quantities of cereal straw treated with sodium hydroxide in the diet of rabbits weie studied on 68 animals, both males and females, of the Spanish Giant and New Zealand × Spanish Giant breeds, weaned at different weights. The nitrogen and fibre digestibilities, the overall growth rate (from weaning to 2·25 kg) and the partial growth rate (from weaning to 2 weeks after weaning) increased linearly, while the feed conversion rate decreased when the content of treated straw in the feed was raised. The overall growth rate for males was significantly higher (P < 0·001) and feed conversion rate lower (P < 0·01) than for females. The crossbred animals had a significantly higher overall (P < 0·001) and partial (P < 0·05) growth rate. As weaning weight increased, overall (P < 0·001) and partial (P < 0·05) growth rate also increased, whereas the dressing percentage of the carcass decreased significantly (P < 0·01).

scholarly journals Antioxidants in Poultry Nutrition and Reproduction: An Update

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter F. Surai
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Tremendous Progress ◽  
Poultry Nutrition ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate

For the last three decades poultry production worldwide has made tremendous progress in terms of quantity and quality of meat and egg production, including improvement of growth rate and feed conversion rate [...]

Growth Rate and Feed Conversion Rate of Ostriches Fed Ration with or Without Grit in Botswana

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 470-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.E. Waugh . ◽  
A.A. Aganga . ◽  
D. Seabo . ◽  
U.J. Omphile . ◽  
C.M. Tsopito .
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate

scholarly journals Effect of Different Fatty Acid Sources of Diet on Growth Performance of Botia Botia macracanthus Bleeker

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 199 ◽  
Author(s):  
. Sunarto ◽  
. Sabariah
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Fish Oils ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate

<p>Fish requires essential fatty acid for growth. Freshwater fish needs linoleat fatty acid (n-6) or combination of linoleat and a-linolenat acids (n-3).  Fish oil contains higher level of n-3, corn oil is rich of n-6, while coconut oil is rich of saturated fatty acids.  This study was conducted to determine the effect of fatty acid sources in diet on growth performance of botia <em>Botia macracanthus</em>. Sources of fatty acid examined were coconut oil (control), corn oil, fish oil, and corn oil + fish oil + coconut oil. The results of study show that daily growth rate of fish fed on diet containing mix of corn-coconut-fish oils (8.39%) and only corn oil (8.15%) was higher (p<0.05) compared to that of fish fed on diet containing fish oil (7.67%) and coconut oil (6.62%).  Feed conversion rate of fish fed on diet containing mix of corn-coconut-fish oils (2.12%) and only corn oil (2.34%) was lower (p<0.05) than that of fish fed on diet containing fish oil (2.97%) and coconut oil (3.74%).  Growth rate and feed conversion rate of fish fed on diet containing mix of corn-coconut-fish oils and only corn oil was similar (p>0.05).  Survival rate of fish at all treatments was similar, ranged from 90.00 to 93.33%.  Thus, the results suggested that diet containing only corn oil is suitable for botia to obtain higher growth rate and lower feed conversion rate.</p> <p>Keywords: fatty acid, growth performance, botia, <em>Botia macracanthus</em></p> <p><br /> ABSTRAK</p> <p>Ikan membutuhkan asam lemak essensial (EFA = Essential Fatty Acid) untuk pertumbuhannya.  Ikan air tawar memerlukan asam lemak linoleat (<em>n</em>-6) atau gabungan asam lemak linoleat (n-6) dan alfa-linolenat (n-3).  Minyak ikan banyak mengandung asam lemak <em>n</em>-3, minyak jagung kaya akan asam lemak n-6, sementara minyak kelapa banyak mengandung asam lemak jenuh.  Sumber asam lemak yang diuji adalah minyak kelapa  (kontrol), minyak jagung, minyak ikan, dan minyak jagung + minyak ikan + minyak kelapa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa laju pertumbuhan harian ikan botia yang diberi pakan yang mengandung campuran minyak jagung-kelapa-ikan (8,39%) dan minyak jagung (8,15%) saja lebih tinggi (p<0,05) daripada yang diberi pakan mengandung minyak ikan (7,67%) dan minyak kelapa (6,62%).  Nilai konversi pakan pada ikan yang diberi pakan mengandung minyak jagung-kelapa-ikan (2,12%) dan minyak jagung (2,34%) lebih rendah (p<0,05) dibandingkan dengan yang diberi pakan mengandung minyak ikan (2,97%) dan minyak kelapa (3,74%).  Pertumbuhan dan konversi pakan pada ikan yang diberi pakan mengandung campuran ketiga minyak dan hanya minyak jagung adalah tidak berbeda (p>0,05).  Kelangsungan hidup ikan pada semua perlakuan relatif sama, yaitu berkisar antara 90,00-93,33%. Dengan demikian, pakan untuk ikan botia cukup mengandung minyak jagung saja untuk mendapatkan laju pertumbuhan yang tinggi dengan konversi pakan yang rendah.</p> <h2>Kata kunci: asam lemak, kinerja pertumbuhan, ikan botia, <em>Botia macracanthus</em></h2>

scholarly journals The Effect of Garlic (Allium Sativum L.) on Growth Performance, Mortality Rate, Meat and Blood Parameters in Broilers

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 961-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franciszek Brzóska ◽  
Bogdan Śliwiński ◽  
Olga Michalik-Rutkowska ◽  
Józef Śliwa
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Garlic Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Bird Mortality ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate

Abstract The effect of garlic extract on body weight, feed intake, feed conversion rate, mortality rate, dressing percentage, carcass traits, chemical composition of breast muscles and blood plasma parameters was investigated in a feeding trial with 640 Ross 308 broiler chickens of both sexes. The experiment was characterised by a two-factor design, with liquid garlic extract (GFA ) and sex as factors. In comparison with the unsupplemented control group, supplementing diets with 1.00 (GFA 1), 1.50 (GFA 2), and 2.25 (GFA 3) ml kg-1 for 42 days increased body weight, with a significant difference for the GFA3 group (P≤0.01). Bird mortality was 2.78% in the control group and 0.10%, 0.63%, and 0.60% in the GFA1, GFA2, and GFA3 supplemented groups, respectively (P≤0.01). Feed intake (kg/42 days) was 4.50 per broiler in the control group and 4.51, 4.68, and 4.85 kg-1 per broiler in the experimental groups (P≥0.05), respectively. Feed conversion rate was 1.80 in the control group and 1.77, 1.76, and 1.80 kg/kg in the GFA1, GFA2, and GFA3 groups, respectively (P≥0.05). GFA increased European Production Efficacy Factor (EPEF) from 331 in the control group to 347, 363, and 356 points in the experimental groups, respectively (P≤0.01). Dressing percentage in the GFA3 group was significantly higher than in the control group (74.8% vs 72.5%; P≤0.01). GFA at the concentration of 2.25 ml kg-1 significantly increased the weight of breast muscles. Supplementing the diet with GFA at the level of 1.50 ml kg-1 caused a significant increase in liver weight (P≤0.01). Feeding with GFA at a rate of 1.5 ml kg-1 caused a significant increase in the protein and crude ash content of breast meat compared to the control group (P≤0.05). The highest dose of GFA significantly increased total protein content of serum compared to the control group (P≤0.01). No significant interaction of GFA by sex on the analysed parameters was found. It is concluded that GFA at 2.25 ml kg-1 caused a significant improvement in the body weight of broilers and their carcass parameters, while a significant reduction in bird mortality for the GFAsupplemented groups was observed during the rearing period. It appears that the optimum level of GFA , when the crude protein concentration in the commercial starter and grower diets ranges between 210 and 220 g kg-1 is 1.5-2.25 ml kg-1 of the starter and grower diets.

scholarly journals Effects of Water Temperature on Growth Criteria of Fingerlings of Grass Carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes, 1884)

2022 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-89
Author(s):  
Majid Taher
Keyword(s):  
Grass Carp ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Daily Growth Rate ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate

The current experiment was conducted in the Fish Laboratory of Aquaculture Unit, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah from 28th January to 19th April 2021. Growth criteria of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella were investigated using four water temperatures (15, 20, 25 and 30 oC). Grass carp fingerlings (4.92 g) were brought from earthen ponds of the Aquaculture Unit in Al-Hartha Station for Agricultural Researches, North Basrah. The results indicated that the highest final weight (7.96 g) was reached by fishes at 15 0C, while the lowest final weight (7.22 g) was at 30 0C. Weight increments for fishes were 3.02, 2.97, 2.76 and 2.22 g for water temperatures of 15, 20, 25 and 30 0C, respectively. Fishes had the highest daily growth rate (0.0425 g/day) at 15 0C and the lowest (0.0312 g/day) at 30 0C. Fishes at 20 0C had the best feed conversion rate of 4.03, while fishes at 30 0C had the worst feed conversion rate of 5.29. It can be concluded that the best growth criteria were obtained from fishes at 15 0C and 20 0C, while the worst was observed at 30 0C.

scholarly journals Effects of Pre and Probiotic on Growth Performance and Haematological Parameters in Pigs

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 295
Author(s):  
Andrei Radu Szakacs ◽  
Sorana Matei ◽  
Laura Stefanut ◽  
Zoltan Moni ◽  
Adrian Macri
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Physiological Limits ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate

The present study investigates the effects of dietary supplementation with feed supplements (prebiotics and probiotics) on pig performance, the feed conversion ratio and some haematological parameters.The research was conducted on hybrid pigs [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] in a farm from Sălaj County, Romania. Pigs of 11 weeks (n = 200) were divided into 4 equal groups: a group fed with the probiotic, a prebiotic-fed group, a control group and a synbiotic (pre- and probiotic) treated group. The control group was fed with a feed without the specified additives. Probiotic treated group was fed the same feedstuff but containing the additive Beta Plus® Ultra (Biochem)( 5.12x1012 CFU / kg - Bacillus subtilis DSM 5750, 5.12x1012UFC / kg - Bacillus licheniformis (DSM 5749 ) and 921 g of betaine), in an amount of 1 kg / tonne of feed.  Prebiotic group had added to the feed an extract derived from the cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (TechnoMos® - Biochem) in a dose of 250 g / ton of feed. The weight of 25 pigs in each compartment was recorded 9 times (over 85 days). Animal health was evaluated via clinical, haematological, and parasitological examinations. 5 rectal swabs were collected on day 11 and day 77 and faeces samples were taken in day 77 from each investigated group. Growth rate, feed consumption and some haematological parameters were measured.The body weight, average total weight gain and feed conversion rate increase by the dietary inclusion of the both pre and probiotic (p˃0.05). In the compartment treated with prebiotic the weight of the pigs has increased by 1030 g/day compared with 982 g/day value recorded in the control group. The average feed consumption was 3.21 kg/day in the control group while the group treated with prebiotic was only 2.99 kg/day. Feed conversion rate for all treated groups were lower than the one of control. Haematological parameters varied in physiological limits of species.Conclusion: These products show promising effects as an alternative for antibiotics in order to eliminate the use of these drugs as growth-promoting additives.

scholarly journals The role of dietary supplements in the meat productivity of rabbits with a dry type of feeding

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-70
Author(s):  
Elizaveta Grigorievna Kvartnikova ◽  
Michail Pavlovich Kvartnikov
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Caloric Content ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Mixed Feed ◽  
Nanocrystalline Iron ◽  
Meat Productivity ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate

The role of vitamin-mineral premix and nanocrystalline iron in the meat productivity of young rabbits was studied by classical methods in the scientific and economic experience in the departments of fur farming and Rabbit Breeding of the V. A. Afanasyev Research Institute of Fur Farming and Rabbit Breeding. From 180 heads of young rabbits at the age of 45 days, 3 groups of 60 heads each were formed according to the principle of analogues: the 1-st-control group received a typical full-fledged granulated mixed feed (FGMF) with a vitamin-mineral premix P 90-2T, in the (FGMF) of the 2-nd and 3-rd experimental groups, the premix was absent, but nanocrystalline iron was included in the (FGMF) of the 3-rd group. Control slaughter of rabbits to assess meat productivity was carried out at the age of 90 days. During the experiment, it was found that the feed in all groups was identical in gross caloric content, but slightly different in the ratio of nutrients. In the mixed feed of the experimental groups, there were more nutrients with the highest digestibility coefficient (fat and soluble carbohydrates) and almost 2 times less fiber, which is slightly digested in young rabbits, only by 3-10%. Rabbits of all groups had no significant differences in live weight and average daily gain. But during the fattening period, the rabbits of the experimental groups consumed less feed when feeding freely than in the control group. At the same time, there were no significant differences in the mass of the carcass and the slaughter yield between the groups. But the feed conversion rate in the experimental groups was 1.32 and 1.28 lower than in the control group, which is economically advantageous. Based on the results of the experiment, it can be assumed that the inclusion of biologically active additives in the form of vitamin-mineral premix and nanocrystalline iron in the full-fledged granular feed for young rabbits does not make much sense, since it does not contribute to increasing meat productivity. In the cost of mixed feed, the vitamin and mineral premix accounts for 10%. Optimizing the ratio of nutrients in the diet plays a crucial role in reducing the feed conversion rate.

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