Motivational Factors and Training Aspects in Postgraduate Students of Anaesthesiology: A Survey

Introduction: Anaesthesiology is a fast growing branch of medicine. There is marked shortage of anaesthesiologists in India and this hinders the growth of surgical and interventional specialities which hinges on well-trained, enthusiastic anaesthesiology support. Exploring the perceptions about the speciality among Postgraduate (PG) students could help in planning strategies to make a career choice in anaesthesiology look more attractive. Aim: To explore the motivational factors for the choice of anaesthesiology for postgraduation, various aspects of PG training, stress among PGs and satisfaction with career choice in order to delineate the perceptions about the speciality among the medical graduates and to find out avenues for improvement to make the speciality more attractive. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was distributed among 300 PG students in anaesthesiology who attended various national level conferences in India and state level conferences in Kerala between November 2015 and March 2018. Data collected was statistically analysed using R software version 3.1. All the quantitative variables were summarised as mean±SD (Standard Deviation) or median with IQR (Inter Quartile Range) depending on the distribution. Qualitative variables were summarised as proportions. Association between factors was analysed using Chi-square test or Fisher’s-exact test. Results: Anaesthesiology was the first career preference for only 34.63% (n=88) of the participants. Predominant reasons for choosing anaesthesiology included unavailability of other specialities (32.8%, n=82) and good job opportunities without need of super specialisation (32%, n=80). After joining anaesthesiology, majority (68%, n=175) were satisfied with their career choice. Satisfaction with PG training, assessed by the Likert scale was high among the participants and majority suggested improvements especially in theory classes, case discussions and simulation. Stress was experienced by 60% (n=154) of participants ascribed mainly due to lack of time for academics due to high workload. Conclusion: Improving awareness among public health professionals and medical students and increasing Undergraduate (UG) exposure to the subject would increase the proportion of students joining anaesthesiology with genuine interest and improve the recruitment profile. Modifications in training and measures to reduce stress during training should also be considered.

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Usage and Perceived Side Effects of Personal Protective Measures against Mosquitoes among Current Users in Delhi

Journal of Parasitology Research ◽

10.1155/2014/628090 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Charu Kohli ◽

Rajesh Kumar ◽

G. S. Meena ◽

M. M. Singh ◽

Jyotiranjan Sahoo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Systematic Sampling ◽

Community Based ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Protective Measures ◽

Exact Test ◽

Qualitative Variables ◽

Systematic Sampling Method

Background. Mosquito-borne diseases constitute an important cause of morbidity and mortality. The use of personal protective measures (PPM) like mats, bednets, screening, repellents, liquid vaporizers, mosquito coils, and so forth has been advocated as an effective tool in control of mosquito-borne diseases, but data about the safety profile of personal protective measures is still scarce.Objective. To study the usage and side effects of personal protective measures against mosquitoes among current users in Delhi.Materials and Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study among 350 adult individuals selected by systematic sampling method. Data was collected using pretested semistructured questionnaire after taking written informed consent. Data was analysed using SPSS version 17. Chi-square/Fisher’s Exact test was used for qualitative variables to find association andPvalue <0.05 was considered significant.Results. Out of 350 families selected, 210 belonged to rural area and 140 to urban area. Personal protective measures were used by 219 (62.5%) subjects. Liquid vaporizer was the most preferred method (41.4%). Most common perceived side effect of personal protective measures was headache (7.7%). Other perceived side effects were cough (3.2%), sore throat (2.7%), allergy (1.3%), and eye irritation (0.9%) predominantly among coil users.Conclusion. There is a need to have a close watch for side effects of personal protective measures among users. Further research is also needed to develop safe and effective personal protective measures against mosquitoes.

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Pathological Indicators for Reporting Gastric Malignancies in a Hospital in Yazd

Disease and Diagnosis ◽

10.34172/ddj.2021.12 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 60-64

Author(s):

Kazem Ansari ◽

Mehran Jafari ◽

Milad Akhlaghi ◽

Mohammad Teabpour ◽

Mansour Moghimi

Keyword(s):

Tumor Size ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Anatomical Location ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

Qualitative Variables ◽

Poorly Differentiated ◽

And Gender ◽

Gender Type

Background: Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers and is one of the most frequent causes of cancer death worldwide. In recent years, there has been a great deal of emphasis on the use of pathology reporting standards. Therefore, the aim of this study was how to report the pathological indicators of gastric malignancies in samples sent to the Pathology Department of Shahid Sadoughi hospital in Yazd in Iran in 2016-2018. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 174 patients. Study variables including age and gender, type of biopsy, the extent of gastric tissue involvement, exact anatomical location, tumor size, histological grading, invasion of surrounding tissues, and lymph node metastasis were extracted from patients’ records. Data were analyzed by SPSS 22. Frequency and percentage were reported using descriptive statistics and Chi-square/Fisher’s exact test for qualitative variables and independent sample t-test for quantitative variables. Finally, graphs were drawn using Excel 2010. Results: Out of 174 participants, 63.8% were females (n = 111). Most reports were related to the histology of adenocarcinoma (n = 136, P=78.20), tumor size (n = 89, P=51.15), and anatomical exact location (n = 90, P=51.70), respectively. Regarding the exact anatomical location of 90 patients, most reports were related to the antrum (n = 38, P=42.23). The highest prevalence of histological type of adenocarcinoma was related to poorly differentiated cases (n = 57, P=41.94). Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that the method of reporting pathological indicators in gastric malignancies in the studied cases was somewhat appropriate.

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Relationship between oral habits and spirometry maneuvers, in children

Revista CEFAC ◽

10.1590/1982-0216201820110517 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 37-43

Author(s):

Rafaela Coelho Minsky ◽

Tayná Castilho ◽

Roseane Rebelo Silva Meira ◽

Tatiana Godoy Bobbio ◽

Camila Isabel Santos Schivinski

Keyword(s):

Healthy Children ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Public And Private ◽

Oral Habits ◽

Qualitative Variables ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽

Thumb Sucking ◽

Smirnov Test

ABSTRACT Purpose: to analyze whether deleterious oral habits can influence the number of attempts of forced spirometry maneuvers performed by healthy children. Methods: this observational and cross-sectional analytical study included 149 healthy children aged 6-12 years attending public and private schools in Florianópolis, SC, Brazil. A validated protocol was applied for the analysis of deleterious oral habits. The children were grouped according to the number of spirometry maneuvers needed to achieve successful spirometry results, as follows: G1) children who needed 3 maneuvers; G2) 4 maneuvers; G3) 5-8 maneuvers. Data were analyzed with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and the Kruskal-Wallis test was applied to compare quantitative variables between the groups. The Chi-square test was used to assess the association between the groups and qualitative variables. Results: there was no association between the number of attempts and the qualitative variables evaluated by the protocol. There was also no difference between the groups regarding quantitative variables for breastfeeding time, breastfeeding occurrence, use of pacifiers, and thumb sucking. Conclusion: the presence of DOH did not influence the number of forced spirometry maneuvers, performed by the healthy children in this study.

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A year of hepatocellular carcinoma at a glance. Demographics, biochemical and radiological characteristics and treatment modalities from a specialized facility of Pakistan

Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association ◽

10.47391/jpma.826 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Laima Alam

Keyword(s):

Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Treatment Modalities ◽

Fisher Exact Test ◽

Tumour Staging ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

Team Meetings ◽

Contrast Enhanced Ct

Objectives:Relation of demographics of hepatocellular-carcinoma with the aetiology.Tumour characteristics in relation to anti-viral therapy and presence of viral-DNA/RNATreatment modalities offeredMethods: This cross-sectional study enrolled all the patients aged 18-70 years with diagnosed hepatocellular carcinoma either through Triphasic Contrast-Enhanced-CT scan and/or Magnetic Resonance Imaging or biopsy presenting to the Outpatient-Department or multi-disciplinary-team meetings for the year 2019. Demographic variables, biochemical analysis including liver profile and stage of cirrhosis, viral-status, tumour staging and the treatment modalities offered were all noted. ANOVA (normal) and Kruskal-Wallis (non-normal) tests were used to compare quantitative data whereas chi-square-test and fisher-exact-test were used to compare qualitative-data.Results: Out of 195 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, 76% were males in their fifth to sixth decades of life, 96% had cirrhosis, 94% corresponded to viral hepatocellular-carcinoma (82% Hepatitis-C-Virus, 9% Hepatitis-B-Virus and 3% coinfection), 60% of the cirrhotics landed in Child-Pugh A category with tumour staging BCLC-B being the predominant one (43.6%) and single and multiple bilateral nodules were the commonest lesions encountered. Platelets and Alanine-Transaminase had a significant relation across aetiological groups. Lymph-nodes were the most common extra-hepatic organs for metastasis and the presence of viral PCR had a significant impact on the tumour aggressiveness. Thirty-two percent of the patients were amenable to curative treatment.Conclusion: Viral infection is the main cause of rising prevalence of this tumour in Pakistan. Treatment modalities are expensive and expertise are lacking. A nationwide cancer registry is required for the exact disease burden and tumour behaviour for our population. Continuous....

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Association between Food Intake and Overweight in Children Assisted by Primary Care

The Open Nursing Journal ◽

10.2174/1874434602115010305 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 305-312

Author(s):

Erivelton Sousa Lima ◽

Amanda de Castro Amorim Serpa Brandão ◽

Antonio Luiz Gomes Junior ◽

Luana kelle Batista Moura ◽

Gerardo Vasconcelos Mesquita ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

Food Intake ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Processed Foods ◽

Food Groups ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

Chi Square Test

Background: The child feed in the first two years of life is of fundamental importance for a healthy growth and development. Aims: To verify the association between food consumption indicators and overweight in children under the age of two, followed up by primary care health professionals. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 232 children assisted by primary care. A structured questionnaire was used with questions on sociodemographic data of mothers or guardians and food intake and anthropometric data of children. The analysis of the association between excess weight and food intake indicators was performed using the Pearson’s chi-square test (χ2) and Fisher’s exact test (f ˂ 5). Results: Regarding food intake in children under 6 months of age, 35.1% of the children were exclusively breastfed. Among children at the age of 6 to 23 months: 66.3% were on continued breastfeeding; 16.7% consumed adequate foods at the age of 6 to 8 months; 90.4% consumed foods that belonged to the six food groups; 76.3% consumed food at the minimum frequency and with adequate consistency; 88.9% consumed iron-rich and vitamin A-rich foods, and 59.3% consumed ultra-processed foods. Regarding nutritional status, 24.5% of the children were overweight. Conclusion: There was no statistically significant association between overweight and food consumption indicators among the surveyed children. However, exclusive breastfeeding was below the recommended level, a low percentage of the introduction of complementary foods at the appropriate age and high consumption of ultra-processed foods reveal the need to improve the assistance provided by primary care to this group.

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Printed and Electronic Resource Preferences among Ophthalmologists: A Study in India

Indian Journal of Information Sources and Services ◽

10.51983/ijiss.2018.8.3.554 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 15-22

Author(s):

R. Govindarajan ◽

S. Dhanavandan

Keyword(s):

Information Resources ◽

Electronic Resources ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Electronic Resource ◽

Group Designation ◽

Exact Test ◽

Quality Patient Care ◽

Electronic Information Resources ◽

Study Results

The Ophthalmologists – Eye Doctors continuously seek and use information for their evidence-based practice, career advancements and quality patient care. The study aims to examine and explore the ophthalmologists’ preference towards print vs. electronic information resources. The study design is cross-sectional and convenience sampling method is adopted. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. SPSS 18 PASW Statistical package was used for statistical analysis. Frequencies, percentages, Chi-square and Fishers’ exact test were used in the study. Around 633 ophthalmologists, working in 47 academic eye hospitals from 16 states of India were included in the study. The ophthalmologists prefer electronic resources more than the printed resources as a venue for access and publish. They consider both printed & electronic resources as more authenticated resources than electronic resources. They recognize electronic resources as easy to manage, use, economical, time savvy. They prefer electronic resources more than printed resources to improve their professional competency. The Ophthalmologists’ preference on resource choice doesn’t have any association with gender, age group, designation, experience, institution type. The study results revealed the ophthalmologists’ preferences on print and electronic resources. This will help the ophthalmic librarians to understand the resource choices of the ophthalmologists and manage information resources in libraries effectively. The study results will help the ophthalmic institutions and information providers for future planning

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The influence of varying maxillary central incisor vertical dimension on perceived smile aesthetics

Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1177/1465312519839713 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 137-142

Author(s):

Elis Janaina Lira dos Santos ◽

Alana Moura Xavier Dantas ◽

Raíssa Marçal Vilela ◽

Karina Jerônimo Rodrigues Santiago de Lima ◽

Rejane Targino Soares Beltrão

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Educational Background ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Central Incisor ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

Maxillary Central Incisor ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test

Objective: To evaluate patient perception of the smile focused on analysis of the upper incisors. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Clinical and Social Dentistry at Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil. Participants: The sample consisted of 135 individuals (73 women and 62 men). Methods: Images with different characteristics associated with the incisal edges were shown at random and analysed using a Likert scale. Data were analysed using the Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test with a statistically significant difference ( P < 0.05). Results: Smile I (difference of 1.5 mm in relation to the central incisor and lateral) was considered the most aesthetic, while Smile III (no difference in height between the central and lateral incisors) was the least aesthetic. A significant difference was found between perception of smile II (difference of 1 mm in relation to the central incisor and lateral) and age groups ( P < 0.005), with 31% (n = 13) of individuals aged 45–64 years considering smile II as not pleasant, 4.4% (n = 2) aged 15–24 years and 8.3% (n=4) aged 25–44 years and 4.4% (n = 2) aged 15–24 years considering the same. A significant difference was also found in relation to educational background of the assessor and smile perception, with smile III ( P = 0.0441) and smile IV ( P = 0.0053) considered the most aesthetic ( P = 0.0116). Conclusion: The smile considered most attractive among the sample was that with 1.5 mm steepness between the central and lateral incisors, while a flat smile arc was considered least attractive.

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Seroprevalence of Brucellosis and Associated Risk Factors among Indigenous Breeds of Goats in Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria

Journal of Pathogens ◽

10.1155/2018/5257926 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Olaolu T. Olufemi ◽

Danjuma B. Dantala ◽

Paul A. Shinggu ◽

Umesi A. Dike ◽

Gbeminiyi R. Otolorin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

The Public ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Males And Females ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

La Jolla

A cross-sectional study was conducted in Wukari, Taraba state, Nigeria, to determine the prevalence of Brucella antibodies and the risk factors associated with brucellosis in indigenous breeds of goats. A total of 386 goats were sampled from three political wards: Puje, Avyi, and Hospital: harvested sera samples were subjected to Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT). GraphPad Prism version 7.03 for Windows (GraphPad Software, La Jolla California, USA) was used to analyse the association between seroprevalence of brucellosis and age, sex, breed, location, and management system by using Chi square and Fisher’s exact test as appropriate. Brucellosis was detected in all three wards: Puje; 15%, Avyi; 6.6%, and Hospital; 7.6%. A prevalence rate of 2.8%, 8%, 18.7%, and 1% was recorded for <20-month, 22-35-month, 36-45-month, and ≥46-55-month age categories, respectively (P < 0.05). Only 9.5% was observed for male animals while 9.8% was observed for female animals with no statistical difference between the males and females. Breed-specific seroprevalence yielded 7.4%, 5.4% 12%, 12.8%, and 11.6%, for Cross, West Africa Dwarf, Red Sokoto, Kano Brown, and Sahel breeds of goat, respectively. There is an evidence of brucellosis (9.6%) in Wukari L.G.A, Taraba State, and age is a risk factor for the disease in the study area. There is a need to enlighten the public on the zoonotic potentials and economic impacts of brucellosis.

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Effect Of Maternal Growth Monitoring Knowledge On Stunting, Wasting And Underweight Among Children 0-18 Months In Tamale Metropolis Of Ghana

10.21203/rs.2.16457/v2 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammed Bukari ◽

Muzamil Mohammed Abubakari ◽

Mohammed Majeed ◽

Abdul-Razak Abizari ◽

Anthony Wemakor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Growth Monitoring ◽

Knowledge Level ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

Tamale Metropolis ◽

Structured Questionnaire

Abstract This study sought to assess maternal growth monitoring knowledge and its effect on stunting, wasting and underweight among children 0-18 months in the Tamale Metropolis. An analytical cross-sectional study design, involving 340 mother-child pairs randomly selected from 4 health facilities in the Tamale Metropolis, was used. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on socio-demographic characteristics and maternal growth monitoring knowledge. Weight and length of children were taken to assess nutritional status (stunting, underweight and wasting). Chi-square/Fisher’s exact test was used to determine the association between maternal growth monitoring knowledge level and child nutritional status.This study sought to assess maternal growth monitoring knowledge and its effect on stunting, wasting and underweight among children 0-18 months in the Tamale Metropolis. An analytical cross-sectional study design, involving 340 mother-child pairs randomly selected from 4 health facilities in the Tamale Metropolis, was used. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on socio-demographic characteristics and maternal growth monitoring knowledge. Weight and length of children were taken to assess nutritional status (stunting, underweight and wasting). Chi-square/Fisher’s exact test was used to determine the association between maternal growth monitoring knowledge level and child nutritional status.

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Relationship Between Hand-washing Habit and Toilet Use with Diarrhea Incidence in Children Under Five Years

Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi ◽

10.20473/jbe.v5i12017.95-106 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 95

Author(s):

Nikmatur Rohmah ◽

Fariani Syahrul

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hand Washing ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

Children Under Five ◽

Under Five ◽

Before And After

Diarrhea is still a public health problem in the world and the mostly occur in children under five years. At the moment the number of diarrhea-caused mortality was 3.8 per 1000 per year by 3.2 episodes per year in children under five years. This research aims to analyze the association between hand-washing habits and toilet use with the incidence of diarrhea in children under five years. This is an observational analytic with cross sectional study. Population of the research was a children's mother took her children to the public health center of Sekardangan Sidoarjo Subdistrict. The number of samples taken as many as 58 mother of children under five years. Data collection was done with interviews to parents of children and the observations of the toilets. Technique of data analysis using chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. On the results of the research there is a significant association the habit of hand washing (p = 0.006) and toilet use(p = 0.014) with the incidenceof diarrhea in children under five years. Conclusions of the research is the habit of hand washing and toilet use had a significant association with the incidenceof diarrhea in children under five years. Advice that can be given to the mother of a children under five years is to wash the hands before and after defecating and before preparing food for children. Keywords: diarrhea, hand washing, toilet use, observational, children under five years

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