scholarly journals Variation in Body Weight, Lipid Profile and Selected Reproduction Hormones in Rats Given Psidium guajava Leaves from Crude Oil Polluted and Non-Crude Oil Polluted Areas

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Grace Ekpo ◽  
Adindu Eze ◽  
Amadi Benjamin ◽  
Odey Michael ◽  
Ogar Ishade Sunday ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Polluted Area ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Leaf Sample ◽  
Increased Risk

Variation in body weight, lipid profile and selected reproduction hormones in rats given Psidium guajava leaf samples from crude oil polluted and non-crude oil polluted areas was evaluated.  Thirty-six albino rats of Wistar strain weighing between 90-120 g were divided into three major groups of I-III, with each group having two subgroups designated “a” and “b”. Each of the subgroup housed six rats and they were given different concentrations of the compounded feed of the leaf samples. Rat groups placed on P. guajava leaf sample from non-crude oil polluted area had significantly (p<0.05) increased weight when compared to rat groups placed on P. guajava leaf sample from crude oil polluted area. Triglyceride, cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) increased significantly (p<0.05) in rat groups placed on P. guajava leaf sample from crude oil polluted area against rat groups placed on P. guajava leaf sample from non-crude oil polluted area. Atherogenic indices of rat groups placed on P. guajava leaf sample from crude oil polluted area showed increased risk to cardiovascular diseases when compared to rat groups placed on P. guajava leaf sample from non-crude oil polluted area. The evaluated reproductive hormones increased significantly (p<0.05) in rats placed on P. guajava leaf sample from crude oil polluted area against those groups placed on P. guajava leaf sample from non-crude oil polluted area. The constituents of P. guajava leaf sample from crude oil polluted area could be behind the observed risk while the increase in hormones could be linked to increased cholesterol in rats groups placed on the leaf sample from crude oil polluted area. There is to sensitise those in the act of herbalism to be aware of where they harvest the plants they use as raw materials. This study has shown the variation in body weight, lipid profile and selected reproduction hormones in rats given P. guajava leaves from crude oil polluted and non-crude oil polluted areas.

scholarly journals Variation in Leaf Constituents and Biochemical Indices of Rats given Psidium guajava from Two Different Areas

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Grace Ekpo ◽  
Adindu Eze ◽  
Amadi Benjamin ◽  
Odey Michael ◽  
Ogar Ishade Sunday ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Polluted Area ◽  
The Other ◽  
Leaf Sample ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Biochemical Studies ◽  
Biochemical Indices

Variation in leaf (heavy metal) constituents and biochemical indices of rats given leaf samples of Psidium guajava from two different areas were evaluated. Results obtained for heavy metal constituents the leaf samples showed the presence of mercury (0.14±0.01 mg/100 g), lead (2.90±0.10 mg/100 g), cadmium (0.05±0.01 mg/100 g), copper (5.01±0.17 mg/100 g), chromium (0.40±0.01 mg/100 g), and cobalt (5.64±0.64 mg/100 g) in P. guajava leaf sample from crude oil polluted area. Only copper (0.80±0.20 mg/100 g) was observed in P. guajava leaf sample from non-crude oil polluted area. The biochemical studies on the leaf samples were carried out using standard methods. Thirty-six rats were distributed in six subgroups with six rats each, under three main groups (I-III). Three of the subgroups were placed on P. guajava leaves from crude oil polluted area (designated Ia, IIa and IIIa) while the other three subgroups were placed on P. guajava leaves from non-crude oil polluted area (designated Ib, IIb and IIIb). The haematological parameters of rats placed on P. guajava from crude oil polluted area such as RBC, Hb, PCV, MCV, and MCH were significantly affected (p<0.05) when compared to those of rats  placed on P. guajava from non-crude oil polluted area. AST and ALT liver enzymes significantly increased in rats placed on P. guajava leaves from crude oil polluted area against rats placed on P. guajava leaves from non-crude oil pollute area. Since data obtained with animals become more severe when translated to humans, it therefore becomes pertinent for those that use medicinal plants from crude oil polluted areas to become aware of the possible effects of using such plants. This study has evaluated the variation in leaf constituents and biochemical indices of rats given leaf samples of Psidium guajava from two different areas were evaluated.

scholarly journals Tert-butylhydroquinone attenuates doxorubicin-induced dysregulation of testicular cytoprotective and steroidogenic genes, and improves spermatogenesis in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Godwin Adakole Ujah ◽  
Victor Udo Nna ◽  
Joseph Bagi Suleiman ◽  
Chinedum Eleazu ◽  
Chukwuemeka Nwokocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Proliferating Cell ◽  
Cancerous Cells

AbstractDoxorubicin (DOX) is a broad-spectrum chemotherapeutic drug used in the treatment of cancers. It acts by generating reactive oxygen species in target cells. The actions are, however, not limited to cancerous cells as it attacks healthy cells, killing them. This study investigated the benefits of the antioxidant, tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ), on testicular toxicity following DOX therapy. Twenty-four adult male albino rats were assigned randomly into four groups (n = 6), namely: normal control (NC), tBHQ, DOX and tBHQ + DOX groups. tBHQ (50 mg/kg body weight in 1% DMSO) was administered orally for 14 consecutive days, while a single DOX dose (7 mg/kg body weight) was administered intraperitoneally on Day 8. DOX decreased sperm count, motility and viability, and decreased the levels of steroidogenesis-related proteins, and reproductive hormones. Furthermore, DOX decreased the expression of antioxidant cytoprotective genes, and decreased the protein level of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in the testis. Conversely, DOX increased the expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic genes in the testis. These negative effects were ameliorated following the intervention with tBHQ. Our results suggest that tBHQ protects the testis and preserves both steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis in DOX-treated rats through the suppression of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis.

scholarly journals Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis of Aqueous Extract of Leaf Psidium guajava and Its Effect on Some Haematological Parameters

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
M. I. Uneze ◽  
D. N. Azionu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Average Body

Various parts of psidium guajava linn are used in ethnomedicine in controls and treatments of different disorders such as liver, heart, and blood related disorders [11]. This research work investigate qualitative phytochemical composition of ethanol leaf extract of psidium guajava linn and its effect on some hematological parameters in albino rats. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of the extract was performed by standard procedures. A total of 20 adult male albino rats were used, they were randomly placed into 5 groups (A, B, C, D and E) each group containing 4 rats groups A, B, C, and D were administered, via oral intubation, the extract at doses of 200, 400, 600, and 800 mg/kg body weight respectively of the extract for 7 consecutive days. Phytochemical screening shows that the extract was rich in tannins anthraquinones, and flavonoid while alkaloids, saponins, terpenes and glycoside were slightly present. There was a decrease in the average body weight, physical activities, and feed and water intake of the rats in the test groups relative to the control hemoglobin concentrate, total white blood cell and packed cell volume recorded in the groups  administered the extract were significantly (p<0.05) higher than in the control this effect on  the haemotological parameters was found to be dose dependent. The findings of this study suggest that the aqueous extract of the fruit plants may be useful in control and treatment of blood related disorders.  These useful applications may be as a result of the phytochemical present in the extract.

scholarly journals Changes in Expression of the Genes for the Leptin Signaling in Hypothalamic-Pituitary Selected Areas and Endocrine Responses to Long-Term Manipulation in Body Weight and Resistin in Ewes

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 4238
Author(s):  
Dorota Anna Zieba ◽  
Weronika Biernat ◽  
Malgorzata Szczesna ◽  
Katarzyna Kirsz ◽  
Justyna Barć ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Leptin Resistance ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acid ◽  
Cytokine Signaling ◽  
Leptin Signaling

Both long-term undernutrition and overnutrition disturb metabolic balance, which is mediated partially by the action of two adipokines, leptin and resistin (RSTN). In this study, we manipulated the diet of ewes to produce either a thin (lean) or fat (fat) body condition and investigated how RSTN affects endocrine and metabolic status under different leptin concentrations. Twenty ewes were distributed into four groups (n = 5): the lean and fat groups were administered with saline (Lean and Fat), while the Lean-R (Lean-Resistin treated) and Fat-R (Fat-Resistin treated) groups received recombinant bovine resistin. Plasma was assayed for LH, FSH, PRL, RSTN, leptin, GH, glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA), high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and triglycerides. Expression levels of a suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS-3) and the long form of the leptin receptor (LRb) were determined in selected brain regions, such as the anterior pituitary, hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, preoptic area and ventro- and dorsomedial nuclei. The results indicate long-term alterations in body weight affect RSTN-mediated effects on metabolic and reproductive hormones concentrations and the expression of leptin signaling components: LRb and SOCS-3. This may be an adaptive mechanism to long-term changes in adiposity during the state of long-day leptin resistance.

scholarly journals Provitamin A Cassava Hydrolysate with Lactobacillus rhamnosus Gg Improves Serum Lipid Profile in Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 445-445
Author(s):  
Modupeola Oguntoye ◽  
Olufunke Ezekiel
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus Gg

Abstract Objectives There is considerable interest in the development of high quality food products and dietary supplements that help in weight management. Drug intervention could have a negative side effect. Consumption of probiotics such as Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG cells through food products could offer a positive approach to weight management. Thus, probiotic beverages could serve as a healthy alternative in weight management. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of probiotic beverage such as provitamin A cassava hydrolysate carrying Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in weight management. Methods Provitamin A cassava hydrolysate was inoculated with free (PHF) or alginate-encapsulated (PHE) Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) cells in doses 1, 2 or 4 × 1010 CFU/ml, and administered orally to adult Wistar rats (120–150 g, n = 40 males, 8 groups). All rats were dosed orally once daily for 4 weeks, recording weekly body weight changes as percentage change, and compared against Control (distilled water). Serum lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides and high density lipoprotein) were determined after sacrificing the rats. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at α0.05. Results The body weight gain in control rats was significantly higher (α0.05) by the end of the 4th week (40.00%) than PHF or PHE groups at doses 1, 2 or 4 × 1010 CFU/ml (34.59, 24.38 and 8.04%, or 30.34, 23.49 and 18.24% respectively) which reduced with increasing doses. Total cholesterol, triglycerides and high density lipoprotein were higher in control rats (65.40, 56.60 and 29.48 mg/dL respectively) than in PHF or PHE groups at dose 4 × 1010 CFU/ml (54.60, 44.40 and 27.48 mg/dL, and 62.40, 46.60 and 23.12 mg/dL respectively). Conclusions Provitamin A cassava hydrolysate with L. rhamnosus GG was able to induce a transient weight reduction in rats, owing to its potential in reducing serum cholesterol and exerting anti-obesity effect. Thus it could be consumed as a beverage targeting weight management. Funding Sources Self.

scholarly journals Glycaemic Control, Lipid Profile, Blood Pressure and Body Weight Status Among Diabetics in Rural Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazizi AS ◽  
Zaitun Y ◽  
Kandiah M ◽  
Chan SP
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Body Weight Status

Introduction: Diabetes is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular disease. The management of blood glucose, dyslipidaemia and other modifiable risk factor, is a key element in the multifactorial approach to prevent complications of type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted to determine the level of glycaemic control, lipid profile, blood pressure and body weight status among type 2 diabetics in rural Malaysia. A total of 237 diabetic subjects participated in this study. Physical examination was carried out, including measurements of height, weight, waist and hip circumferences, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Fasting venous blood samples were collected to determine the glucose level and lipid profile. Results: About 70% of the subjects had a high body mass index (BMI), equal to or above 25 kg/ m2. More than 60% of the subjects had systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic ≥ 90 mmHg. Mean fasting blood glucose was 9.84±4.54 mmol/L. Mean total cholesterol was 5.18±1.35 mmol/L. High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) and triglyceride (TG) and glucose levels were higher in male than in female, but not statistically significant (p>0.05). However, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) was higher in females than males (p<0.05). Mean HDLC was below 1.0 mmol/L in all subjects. Conclusion: Glycaemic control, lipid profile, blood pressure and body weight status were not satisfactory and may increase the risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications among these subjects. Appropriate intervention programs should be implemented for better diabetes control among rural subjects.

scholarly journals Prophylactic and Therapeutic Effect of Aqueous Stem Extract of Costus afer on Lipids and Atherogenic Profile of Albino Rats in Acetaminophen Induced Liver Toxicity

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
L. L. Nwisah ◽  
T - E. G. Davies ◽  
E. S. Bartimaeus
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Treatment Phase ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Stem Extract ◽  
Costus Afer

Background: Medicinal plants are widely used in Nigeria because they are believed to be effective in the treatment of various medical conditions and are also easily accessable with minimal side effect. Aim: This study evaluates the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of different doses (200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg body weight) of Costus afer on lipid profile of 50 male albino rats. Methodology: The research study was divided into 2 phases with 25 rats used for each phases. The 25 rats used for each phase were randomly selected into 5 groups with each group containing 5 rats. The rats used for the prophylactic phase were induced with 800 mg/kg body weight paracetamol for liver toxicity after administration of the various concentrations of aqueous stem extract of C. afer for 28 days while those used during the therapeutic phase were administered with the various concentrations of aqueous stem extract of C. afer following confirmation of liver toxicity using 800 mg/kg body weight acetaminophen. The effect of the aqueous extract was assessed by measuring the serum concentration of total cholesterol, triglycerides and high density lipoprotein using Randox reagent, while low density lipoprotein was calculated from the other parameters. Atherogenic ratios were also computed. The result obtained from the experiment was subjected to statistical analysis using Graph pad prism version 5.3 and values were considered significant at p<0.05. Results: Total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL levels were significantly (p<0.05) reduced and HDL significantly increased in the treatment groups (prophylactic and therapeutic phases) compared to the positive control. When both phases were compared, total cholesterol and triglycerides showed significant (p<0.05) difference in concentration in groups fed with 400 mg/kg, 200 mgkg while LDL-C showed significant (p<0.05) variation between the two phases only at 400 mg/kg body weight. The extracts were also found to significantly (p<0.05) reduce the atherogenic status of the albino rats in both phases of treatment and between each treatment phase. Conclusion: Findings from this study suggest that Costus afer possesses the ability to regulate paracetamol induced dyslipidaemia and improve the anti-atherogenic status of treated albino rats.

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