scholarly journals Chemical and Medicinal Properties of Rauwolfia vomitoria (AFZEL) Harvested from the South Eastern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-71
Author(s):  
Iwu Irenus Chinonye ◽  
Chinonye Chijioke ◽  
C. Samuel Iwuji ◽  
Obiagwu Ifeoma ◽  
Uchenna Onu Lynda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Prostate Hyperplasia ◽  
Phytochemical Content ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Rauwolfia Vomitoria

Aim: This work was carried out to evaluate the chemical constituents of the leaf of Rauwolfia vomitoria and to determine the activities of the extract on some selected human pathogens Study Design: The study was designed to characterize the compounds in the extract and to determine their medicinal applications Place and Duration of Study: The work was done at the Department of Chemistry Federal University of Technology Owerri Methodology: Standard assay technique was used to evaluate the phytochemical content of the sample. GC-MS analysis was carried out on the chloroform extract of the sample. The anti microbial activities were determines using the well agar diffusion method Results: The analysis of the components of the leaf extract of Rauwolfia vomitoria Afzel revealed the presence of 34 compounds with their molecular masses  molecular weights and structures, all elucidated. The initial phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids 1.92%, saponins 1.12% , flavonoids 1.15% and cardiac glycosides, the extract showed marked inhibition of the growth of certain human pathogens with inhibition diameters recorded against Klebsiella pnuemonia, 22 mm, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 18 mm,Aspergillis niger 24 mm and Mucor specie 9 mm but was resistant to Streptococcus specie.The extract contain anti cancer,anti-tumuor antioxidant, anti-inflammatory ,cardioprotectives compounds which inludes phytol, Vitamin E, Campestrol, sistosterol, squalene, lupeol and vaccenic acid. Conclusion: Owing to the identified properties of the sample ,Rauwofia vomitoria leaf is excellent ingredient for the treatment of diaeases related to Klebsiella pnuemonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa Aspergillis niger and Mucor specie and also for the treatment cancer, tumuor, inflammation, arthritis,beingn prostate hyperplasia, fibromyalgia, allergies, coronary heart.

scholarly journals QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIAL OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF DURIO ZIBETHINUS MURR. LEAVES

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Sridevi Chigurupati ◽  
Jahidul Islam Mohammad ◽  
Shantini Vijayabalan ◽  
Narmatha Devi Vaipuri ◽  
Kesavanarayanan Krishnan Selvarajan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Antimicrobial Potential ◽  
Durio Zibethinus

Objectives: Current research is aimed to investigate the natural antimicrobial potential of Durio zibethinus murr. ethanol leaves extract (DZL).Methods: DZL was subjected to the preliminary phytochemical screening along with quantitative analysis of phenols and flavonoids. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were recorded. The agar well diffusion method was used to measure the antibacterial activity against gram positive and gram negative bacteria. The microorganisms used for the study were the ATCC strains of Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli.Results: DZL exhibited the highest MIC of 0.1mg/mL and MBC of 0.25 mg/mL against gram negative bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. At MIC of 0.1mg/mL, DZL displayed significant zone of inhibition against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli compared to gentamycin.Conclusion: This research has shown that DZL has natural antibacterial properties against gram negative human pathogens.

scholarly journals In vitro antimicrobial activity and phytochemical analysis of Cassia auriculata Linn

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 105-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devados Kumarasamy Raja ◽  
Nattanmai Sundararaman Jeganathan ◽  
Rajappan Manavalan
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Cassia Auriculata

This study was performed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of aerial parts of chloroform extract of Cassia auriculata L. The chloroform extract of C. auriculata were shown to possess an antimicrobial activity against two gram positive and two gram negative human pathogenic bacteria and fungi, viz. Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and fungus cultures Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger by using disc diffusion method. The extract showed antibacterial activity at all concentrations selected, but only the extract with the concentration of 300µg/ml showed maximum antibacterial activity against all the organisms except Pseudomonas aeruginosa which are comparable with the standard control, amikacin. The anti fungal activity of chloroform extract of C. auriculata revealed significant effect against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger with the net inhibition zone of 14 and 14 mm, respectively at 300µg/ml concentration, which is almost comparable with standard control, ketokonazole used as an antifungal agent. The phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, fixed oils, fats, tannins, gum & mucilage, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, lignin and sterols. It is concluded that the antimicrobial activity showed by the plant was due to the presence of these phytochemicals. Further studies are highly needed for future drug development.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v2i6.14869 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, May 2013, 2(6): 105-108

scholarly journals Comparative studies on phytochemistry, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of direct and sequential extracts of chromolaena odorata leaves

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 914-921
Author(s):  
Udaya Prakash N K ◽  
Sriraman V ◽  
Devika V ◽  
Peneena V ◽  
Sripriya N ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Direct Extraction ◽  
Phytochemical Content ◽  
Phytochemical Extraction

Phytochemistry, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of different solvent extracts of Chromolaena odorata leaves obtained by direct and sequential extraction were compared in this study. Antibacterial evaluation of the extracts was performed through a disc diffusion method. The results revealed that the solvents, Petroleum ether and Ethyl acetate showed the presence of a majority of the phytochemicals, Chloroform extract yielded maximum TPC and TAA and ethyl acetate yielded higher TFC when compared to other solvents. Ethanol and chloroform extracts showed lower concentrations of IC50 against DPPH and NO radicals respectively. Acetone recorded the maximum zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa; ethyl acetate against Bacillus subtilis and Chloroform against Streptococcus mutans. Among the solvents studied for phytochemical content and bioactivities, ethanol showed a higher level of phytochemical extraction and better bioactivities. As a direct solvent extraction of C. odorata showed better efficiency when compared with sequential extraction, the study strongly recommends the use of a direct extraction method.

Phytochemical Extraction and Antibacterial Studies of Caesalpinia bonducella Seed Extracts

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Pethani Savaji Savaliya Navanit
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Caesalpinia Bonducella ◽  
Phytochemical Extraction

Caesalpinia bonducella (Linn.) Flem. is an Indian herb belonging to Family Caesalpiniaceae. The seeds contain an alkaloid caesalpinine, bitter principles such as bonducin, saponins and other oils. In the present study, antibacterial activities of the extracts were studied by agar well diffusion method. C. bonducella seeds were porously powdered mechanically and were subjected to successive sequential soxhlet extraction using petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol and water as the solvents. The bacterial cultures Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella dysenteriae, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis were selected for the study. Dry powder of each extract was dissolved in 1 ml of 0.5% DMSO solution to get a concentration of 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg/ml. Each extract was checked for antibacterial activity by introducing 100 μl of each extract into triplicate wells. Controls were maintained with respective solvents. Ciprofloxacin (5 mg/ml) was used as standard antibiotic. Results were subjected to analysis of variance. Chloroform extract have showed good antibacterial activity against Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa

scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI FITOKIMIA DAN UJI DAYA HAMBAT DARI EKSTRAK ETANOL TANGKAI BUAH PINANG YAKI (Areca vestiaria giseke) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, DAN Pseudomonas aeruginosa

PHARMACON ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 936
Author(s):  
Danni U. W. Redwik ◽  
Herny E. I. Simbala ◽  
Hosea Jaya Edi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Areca Nut ◽  
Phytochemical Content ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The North ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

ABSTRACT Areca nut (Areca vestiaria Giseke), which is a kind of wild palm, is a multi-functional plant. The North Sulawesi people empirically use this plant to cure various diseases. This study aims to determine the phytochemical content and antibacterial activity of ethanol extracts of areca nut against the inhibitory growth of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using 5 concentrations namely 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5%. Extraction was done by maceration using 96% of ethanol. Antibacterial activity testing was using paper disc diffusion method (Kirby and Bauer diffusion). The results of this study indicate that the ethanol extracts of areca nut stem contains flavonoids, saponins, triterpenoids that have the potential to be antibacterial and has antibacterial strength against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, at concentrations of 4% and 5%, which are concentrations which are included in the group that categorize as strong to inhibit the bacteria E. coli and P. aeruginosa, while the extract concentration of 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5% which are included in the group that categorize as strong to inhibit the S. aureus bacteria. Keywords: Agar diffusion method, Antibacterial, Areca nut, Phytochemical. ABSTRAK Pinang Yaki (Areca vestiaria Giseke) yang merupakan sejenis palem liar, merupakan tanaman yang multi fungsi. Masyarakat Sulawesi Utara secara empiris menggunakan tanaman ini untuk menyembuhkan berbagai macam penyakit.. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan fitokimia dan aktivitas antibakteri dari ekstrak etanol tangkai buah pinang yaki terhadap daya hambat pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa menggunakan 5 konsentrasi yakni 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, dan 5%. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan cara maserasi menggunakan etanol 96%. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode difusi dengan cakram kertas (difusi Kirby dan Bauer). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol tangkai buah Pinang Yaki memiliki kandungan flavonoid, saponin, triterpenoid yang berpotensi sebagai antibakteri dan memiliki kekuatan antibakteri terhadap Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa, pada konsentrasi 4% dan 5% merupakan konsentrasi yang termasuk dalam golongan kuat untuk menghambat bakteri E. coli dan P. aeruginosa, sedangkan pada konsentrasi ekstrak 2%, 3%, 4%, dan 5% termasuk dalam golongan kuat menghambat bakteri S. aureus. Kata kunci: Pinang Yaki, Fitokimia, Antibakteri,metode difusi agar

scholarly journals Phytochemical screening, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Prunella vulgaris for oral thrush

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5-s) ◽  
pp. 251-258
Author(s):  
Amit Nayak ◽  
Mohammed Azaz Khan ◽  
Poornima Sharma ◽  
RM Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Prunella Vulgaris

Plant imitative products have been used for medicinal purposes for centuries. In traditional Indian medicine or Ayurveda, Prunella Vulgaris and many other herbs have been used as medicine. Traditional uses of plants have led to investigating their bioactive compounds, which have resulted in the detection of a significant number of therapeutic properties. The aim of present investigation was carried out to evaluate the phytochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of chloroform and hydroalcoholic leaves extracts of Prunella Vulgaris against microbial strains causing oral infections. Both chloroform and hydroalcoholic extracts revealed the presence of carbohydrate, triterpenoids/ steroids, flavonoids, tannin, phenolic compound and saponins were absent in only the chloroform extract. The bioactivities of the leaf extracts were qualified to their phytochemical constituents. Quantitative analysis of phenolic and flavonoids was carried out by Folins Ciocalteau reagent method and aluminium chloride method respectively. The In vitro antioxidant activity of chloroform and hydroalcoholic leaves extracts of Prunella Vulgaris was assessed against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl- hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, reducing power assay using standard protocols. The antimicrobial activity of chloroform and hydroalcoholic extracts of medicinal plants was evaluated using well diffusion method against Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. The TPC in chloroform extract was higher than that of the hydroalcoholic extract with concentration being 0.443 mg/g equivalent to gallic acid. The TFC in hydroalcohoilc extract was higher than that of the chloroform extract with concentration being 0.358 mg/g equivalent to rutin.  The present study recognized leaves extract of Prunella vulgaris as a promising antioxidant and antimicrobial agent. However, further investigations are needed to understand the mechanistic basis of this effect of the extract and its chemical constituents thereof. Keywords: Prunella vulgaris, Phytochemical, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial activity, Folins Ciocalteau reagent, Quantitative analysis

scholarly journals In Vitro Anti-bacterial Activities of Aqueous, Ethanol and Chloroform Crude Extracts of Olinia rochetiana and Vernonia myriantha

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-110
Author(s):  
Gashaw Nigussie ◽  
Ayana Erdedo ◽  
Sintayehu Ashenafi
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Phytochemical Content ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Inhibition Zones

In the past with the advent of antibiotics, bacterial diseases have been under control. However rapid spread of antibiotic-resistant this success is reversing and searching for newer antibacterial agents is currently a top priority. This study was, thus, aimed at assessing the anti-microbial activities of two traditional medicinal plants: Vernonia myriantha and Olinia rochetiana. The crude extracts were tested for their in vitro antibacterial activities and phytochemical content. The extracts were tested against selected 3 clinical and 4 standard test bacterial strains by using agar well-diffusion method and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC). The ethanol leaves and stem-bark extracts of O. rochetiana inhibited the growth of all bacterial strains at a concentration of 250mg/mL. The inhibition zones ranged from 20.33±0.57mm for clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa to 25.66±0.57mm for standard Salmonella typhi strains. The values for these same extracts were 20.66±2.51mm and 24.33±1.15mm for standard P. aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus strains respectively. The chloroform extract was similarly effective against all of the strains with inhibition zones between 19.00±1.73mm against P. aeruginosa and 22.66±2.51mm for S. aureus. Comparatively, the ethanol extract of O. rochetiana had the highest MIC (7.81mg/mL) and MBC (62.50mg/mL) were noted against P. aeruginosa. On the other hand, chloroform extract of O. rochetiana leaf showed the highest MIC (15mg/mL) and MBC (125mg/mL) were recorded against P. aeruginosa. The ethanol extract of V. myriantha showed growth inhibition only on S. aureus (21.00±1.7mm). Both plants tested for terpenoids and glycosides showed positive result, but none for resin.

Biochemical Composition, Antibacterial and Anti-Biofilm Activities of Indian Medicinal Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mulugeta Mulat ◽  
Fazlurrahman Khan ◽  
Archana Pandita
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Acetone Extract ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Agar Disc

Background: Medicinal plants have been used for treatments of various health ailments and the practices as a remedial back to thousands of years. Currently, plant-derived compounds used as alternative ways of treatment for multidrug-resistant pathogens. Objective: In the present study, various parts of six medical plants such as Solanum nigrum, Azadirachta indica, Vitex negundo, Mentha arvensis, Gloriosa superba, and Ocimum sanctum were extracted for obtaining biological active constituents. Methods: Soxhlet method of extraction was used for obtaining crude extracts. Agar disc diffusion and 96-well plate spectroscopic reading were used to detect the extract’s antibacterial and antibiofilm properties. Results: The obtained extracts were tested for antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties at 25 mg/mL concentrations. Maximum antibacterial activity was observed in O. sanctum chloroform extract (TUCE) against Staphylococcus aureus (24.33±1.52 mm), S. nigrum acetone extract (MAAC) against Salmonella Typhimurium (12.6 ± 1.5 mm) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15.0 ±2.0 mm). Only TUCE exhibited antibacterial activity at least a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.781 mg/mL. Better antibiofilm activities were also exhibited by petroleum extracts of G. superba (KAPE) and S. nigrum (MAPE) against Escherichia coli, S. Typhimurium, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. Moreover, S. nigrum acetone extract (MAAC) and O. sanctum chloroform extract (TUCE) were showed anti-swarming activity with a reduction of motility 56.3% against P. aeruginosa and 37.2% against S. aureus. MAAC also inhibits Las A activity (63.3% reduction) in P. aeruginosa. Conclusion: Extracts of TUCE, MAAC, MAPE, and KAPE were exhibited antibacterial and antibiofilm properties against the Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. GCMS identified chemical constituents are responsible for being biologically active.

scholarly journals TO STUDY THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF VARIOUS EXTRACTS OF CLAUSENA DENTATA (WILLD.) ROEM.

2019 ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
ANNAMALAI MADURAM ◽  
RAJU KAMARAJ
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Human Pathogenic Bacteria

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to study the antibacterial activity for the various extracts of Clausena dentata against human pathogens. Clausena (Rutaceae) is a genus of about 23 species of unarmed trees and shrubs. The stem bark of C. dentata is used in veterinary medicine for the treatment of wounds and sprains. Even though C. dentata has a lot of potential medical uses, the study of microbiological properties is very scarce. Methods: The plant C. dentata was collected from Kadagaman, near Tiruvannamalai, Tamil Nadu, India, and authenticated by Centre for Advanced Study in Botany, University of Madras, Chennai. The dry powder of stem bark was extracted with hexane, chloroform, and methanol. The extracts were subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhi, Klebsiella pneumonia, Vibrio cholerae, and Staphylococcus aureus and compared with ciprofloxacin. Results: Qualitative chemical tests revealed the presence of various phytochemicals such as alkaloids, glycosides, carbohydrate, proteins and amino acids, phytosterols, and volatile oil. The antibacterial activity result reveals that all the extracts were are more active against V. cholerae. The activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was mild. Conclusion: The activity against V. cholerae was comparable with that of 5 μg/mL ciprofloxacin at the concentration of C. dentata 40 μg/mL. The orders of antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria are hexane, methanol, and chloroform extract of C. dentata.

UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI FORMULASI GEL UNTUK SARIAWAN DARI EKSTRAK DAUN SAGA ( Abrus precatorius Linn. ) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
Ratih Dyah Pertiwi ◽  
Joni Kristanto ◽  
Graha Ayu Praptiwi
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Optimal Concentration ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Abrus Precatorius ◽  
Agar Diffusion ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Agar Diffusion Method ◽  
Gel Preparation

One of plants used by Indonesian people as a traditional medicine is saga plant (Abrus precatorius L.). This plant has medicinal properties as medication for thrush, cough and laryngitis. Chemical constituents contained in sage leaves which work as antibacterial are flavonoid and saponin. This study aims to determine the optimal concentration of saga leaves extract which can be formulated in a gel dosage form with qualified physical evaluation and has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Saga leaves extract is prepared by maceration method using ethanol 70% as solvent, and then the extract obtained is preliminarily tested to see its antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with agar diffusion method. Gel formulation for thrush is made with dispersion method in three formulas with variants of active substance concentration that is FI (1%), FII (3%) and FIII (5%). Gel preparation antibacterial activity test is conducted with agar diffusion method as a plate cylinder. Based on this research, it was found that the extract of saga leaves which is positively made is efficacious as antibacterial and can be formulated into a gel preparation for thrush with optimal concentration in F III (5%), this is indicated by widest diameter of the inhibition area against Staphylococus aureus bacteria

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