scholarly journals Assessment of French Beans Production at Kariua in Kandara, Murang’a County- Kenya

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Wangui Patrick Mwangi ◽  
Argwings Otieno ◽  
Ayubu Anapapa
Keyword(s):  
French Bean ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
R Software ◽  
Average Output ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
French Beans ◽  
Land Size ◽  
Infections Diseases ◽  
Parameters Of Interest ◽  
Crop Health

A sample survey research was conducted in November 2017 to January 2018 at Kariua area in Murang’a county, Kenya, with a sole aim to assess the current situation experienced by the French bean farmers in the area as well as form basis for further research, in which 43 farmers were interviewed. The parameters of interest were the average input levels of various factors (manure, fertilizers and water), average spacing of the crops in the field, the average output of the beans, the general plants’ health- all these were per crop point, land sizes under French beans cultivation as well as the demographic factors like age, gender and family size. The questionnaire was the main data collecting tool. Analysis of the data collected was carried out using both descriptive and inferential statistics: Using both R software and Ms-Excel. The results showed that farmers are experiencing very low yields at peak on average and poor plant health (harvest=13.4 g, infected leaves= 8 and immature pods= 15, all per crop point). Average land size under French beans farming, D.A.P and C.A.N fertilizers applied, manures applied, crop spacing and water for irrigation were found to be approximately 79.80 m2, 4.75 decigrams, 2.49 decigrams, 24.69 grams, 9.81 cm by 27 cm and 4.38 litres respectively. Low yields and poor crop health, scarce resources, pests, infections, diseases and intercropping and were also evident in the region.

scholarly journals Determinants of Rural Out-Migration in Habru District of Northeast Ethiopia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beneberu Assefa Wondimagegnhu ◽  
Mesfin Eshetu Zeleke
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Northeast Ethiopia ◽  
Household Heads ◽  
Nonfarm Employment ◽  
Land Size

Migration has become a cause of concern at the global, regional, and national levels. Like the case of many developing countries, Ethiopia has been facing increasing challenges related to rural out-migration. This study aimed to analyze factors that determine rural communities’ decision to migrate to internal and international destinations in Habru district of Northeast Ethiopia. Stratified sampling technique has been employed to select a total of 200 household heads in three agroecologies of the study area. Structured questionnaires have been used as a principal primary data collection method and logistic regression has been employed for analysis. The results of the study showed that intravillage conflict, absence of relief assistant, livestock ownership, farm land size, access to information, and household and individual characteristics including family size, sex, and age of the migrants are the dominant determinant factors for rural out-migration. Migration can have a positive outcome in improving livelihoods if comprehensive and holistic policies and strategies are in place. There is also a need to strengthen the link between rural development policy and the disadvantaged groups by designing and implementing different livelihood alternatives including reducing pressure on scarce resources particularly land, integrating health and education services, and creating nonfarm employment opportunities.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Potential of Eco-Friendly Nematicides in the Management of Root-Knot Nematodes on French Beans in Kenya

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-67
Author(s):  
E. O. Ogumo ◽  
W. M. Muiru ◽  
J. W. Kimenju ◽  
D. M. Mukunya
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
French Bean ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
French Beans ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference

Root-knot nematodes (RKN) (Meloidogyne spp) are a serious pest causing heavy economic losses in a wide range of agricultural crops. A trial was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of various eco-friendly nematicides in the management of RKN affecting French bean. The field trial was carried out in two seasons with the following treatments; Rigel-G (salicylic acid), Phyto Protect (Sesame oil extract), Mytech (Paecilomyces lilacinus), Neemraj 0.3% (Azadirachtin), Vydate® (Oxamyl) as a positive control and an untreated control. Various rates; Rigel –G (2.5 ml/l), Phyto Protect (10 l/ha), Mytech (125 g/ha) Neemraj 0.3% (3L/ha) and Vydate® (6 l/ha) of treatments were administered and damage on plants was assessed based on galling indices, crop biomass and yield whereas nematode reproductive potential was assessed based on the J2 counts. There was no significant difference (P ≥ 0.05) in the nematode population densities and galling indices observed among the eco-friendly nematicides and the conventional nematicide (Vydate®). Eco-friendly nematicides had a significant (P ≤ 0.05) reduction of RKN J2 population densities compared to the negative control. The negative control had the highest mean of root-knot nematode densities (240 RKN/200 cc soil) and a galling index of 3.77 while Vydate and Neemraj had the lowest mean density (40 RKN/200 cc soil) in the first season. Similar results were observed in the second season with control having the highest RKN J2 population densities (285 RKN/200 cc soil) and a galling index of 3.89 and Vydate had the lowest (23 RKN/200 cc soil). The results of this study clearly indicate that eco-friendly nematicides can be fully adopted to suppress RKN in French beans as alternatives to conventional nematicides.

The incidence of bacterial blights of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in East Gippsland, Victoria

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (91) ◽  
pp. 318
Author(s):  
DLS Wimalajeewa ◽  
RJ Nancarrow
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
French Bean ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
French Beans ◽  
Halo Blight ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The incidence of common blight, halo blight and brown spot on French beans was surveyed in the Bairnsdale-Lindenow and Orbost areas in East Gippsland during the 1975-76 and 1976-77 growing seasons. Common blight and halo blight were severe only during late January to March, and occurred largely on mature crops. Common blight was the more severe disease in the Orbost area whereas halo blight was more severe in the Bairnsdale-Lindenow area. Brown spot occurred throughout the season on crops of all ages in both areas but was more severe in the Bairnsdale-Lindenow area. The relationship of weather to the incidence of bacterial blights in the two areas is discussed. It is inferred that losses due to common blight and halo blight could be considerably minimized by timing the planting of crops to harvest them by mid-February.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Neem, Tithonia and Tephrosia Leaf Extracts in Management of Root-Knot Nematodes in French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 240
Author(s):  
Joshua K. Njenga ◽  
Geofrey K. Gathungu ◽  
Jesca N. Mbaka
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
French Bean ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Smallholder Farming ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
French Beans ◽  
Concentration Levels

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are a major problem in French bean production within the smallholder farming systems. Control of root-knot using synthetic nematicides is not viable due to environmental concerns relating to their toxic residues. There is need to develop alternative control options that will promote soil health and reduce parasitic nematode densities. A study was conducted to determine the efficacy of Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss), Tithonia (Tithonia diversifolia) and Tephrosia (Tephrosia purpurea) leaf extracts in management of root-knot. Controlled lath house and field trials were conducted where the treatments were extracts from Neem, Tithonia and Tephrosia at different concentration levels of 25 ml/L, 50 ml/L and 100 ml/L). Vydate (Oxamyl 10%) a synthetic nematicide served as a standard positive control while treatments with no extracts application and no nematode application served as negative controls. The treatments in the lath house were arranged in completely randomized design while the field trials were arranged in randomized complete block design. Fench beans were planted on nematode infested soils and data on root galling indices and yield components was collected. Data collected was subjected to analysis of variance and significantly different means separated using Tukey’s Studentized Range Test at P=0.05. The extracts evaluated reduced root galling with their efficacy being similar to that of Vydate® (Oxamyl 10%) which was used as a positive control. Neem extracts treatments had the lowest mean galling index of the extracts, followed by Tithonia. Root-knot nematode galling indices were highest in the untreated control at 10 both in trial I and trial II. Treatment trials from Neem and Tithonia at concentration levels of 100 ml/L resulted in highest yield of French beans while yield from the untreated plants were the lowest. The results indicate extracts can be adopted to suppress root-knot nematodes.

scholarly journals Decrease in the number of agricultural farms in the state of Paraná, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Tiago Santos Telles ◽  
Gustavo Vaz da Costa ◽  
Gustavo Henrique Leite de Castro ◽  
Matheus Demambre Bachi ◽  
Antonio Carlos Laurenti
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Size Category ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Log Linear ◽  
Land Size

Issues related to farms have begun to be discussed in a global context due to their importance in the economic development process, as they have a direct impact on the social transformations within and away from the countryside and are an important part of the system ensuring the food supply and food security for the population. Thus, the aim of this study was to characterize the trends in the number of farms in the rural areas of Paraná, Brazil, by main type of activity and by land size category for the period from 2002 to 2014. Data from the National Household Sample Survey were used, and the mean annual variation rates were calculated via Student’s t-test using a log-linear ordinary least squares regression model. A reduction of 3.5% per annum (pa) was seen in the number of farms, both in relation to main activities and land size. There was a sharper decline in the number of farms dedicated to soybean (8.9% pa) and corn (6.3% pa) production and in the number of farms ranging in size from 10 ha to < 100 ha of land (7.09% pa). This information may support the establishment of public actions focused on the farming sector in Paraná.

A disease of French beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) caused by subterranean clover stunt virus

1966 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 875 ◽  
Author(s):  
PR Smith
Keyword(s):  
Field Tests ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
French Bean ◽  
French Beans ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Subterranean Clover Stunt Virus ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Aphis Craccivora Koch ◽  
Aphid Inoculation ◽  
High Degree

A disease causing serious crop losses in early-sown French beans in the East Gippsland area of Victoria has been shown to be caused by subterranean clover stunt virus. The virus infected a wide range of leguminous plants and persisted through a moult of its principal vector, Aphis craccivora Koch. It was not seed-borne, nor was it mechanically transmissible. The field symptoms of the disease on French beans consisted of chlorosis and epinasty of leaves, the whole plant being markedly stunted with a reduction in the length of the internodes. These symptoms were reproduced in the glasshouse by aphid inoculation of the virus to French beans. However, the virus was recovered from both naturally infected and artificially inoculated beans with difficulty. In field tests, no cultivar of French bean tested was immune to the virus, although a high degree of tolerance was observed in the cultivars Red Mexican U.I.3, U.I.34, and U.I.37, and Pinto U.I.72 and U.I.78.

Effect of temperature on seed set and in vitro pollen germination in French beans (Phaseolus vulgaris)

1979 ◽  
Vol 19 (101) ◽  
pp. 725 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Farlow ◽  
DE Byth ◽  
NS Kruger
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
French Bean ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
In Vitro Pollen Germination ◽  
French Beans ◽  
Different Temperatures

A technique for in vitro germination of French bean pollen was developed and the effect of temperature on gamete development, pollen germination and seed set investigated. Temperature had a profound effect on in vitro pollen germination percentage, pollen tube growth and bursting percentage. These were maximal at 7.2�C, 16.7�C and 38.3�C, respectively. In this study, pollen development was not affected at day/night temperatures of 16.1�/12.8�C, and ovule abortion was the cause of seed set failure at these temperatures. Hot water treatment (48�-44�C) of flowers caused failure of seed set due to pollen inviability. Consequently this technique may allow hybridization without emasculation in beans. Treatment of buds with hot water of different temperatures and in vitro pollen germination at high temperatures may have application as screening techniques for heat tolerance in French beans.

Seed vigour in cultivars of dwarf French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in relation to the colour of the testa

1986 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison A. Powell ◽  
M. De A. Oliveira ◽  
S. Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Mean Field ◽  
French Bean ◽  
Weight Increase ◽  
Seed Vigour ◽  
French Beans ◽  
Ready Access ◽  
Field Emergence ◽  
Extent Of Damage ◽  
Testa Colour

SUMMARYDifferences in the field emergence of 30 commercial seed lots of dwarf French beans were associated with the colour of the testa, the 11 lots with a white testa having a lower mean field emergence of 67% compared with 91% for lots with black (11 lots) or brown (8 lots) testae. The white-seeded lots also had higher leachate conductivities (mean 42 μ S/cm/g) and imbibed more rapidly (an average 43% weight increase after 6 h imbibition) than black- or brown-seeded lots (average 25 μS/cm/g; 30% weight increase). The extent of damage to the testa which was slight in all lots was not related to differences in either the field emergence or rate of imbibition of the lots. In two successive imbibition cycles seeds of Provider (brown testae) took up water far more rapidly in the second imbibition (78% weight increase after 3 h) than the first (25% weight increase). The coloured testae normally adhere very tightly to the cotyledons but were loosened following the first imbibition leading to a more rapid uptake of water. The rapid imbibition of Tenderette (white testae) which has a loose fitting testa even in the dry seed was increased only slightly by a second imbibition. When seeds were imbibed from one end only from which the testa was removed Tenderette imbibed rapidly (90% weight increase after 12 h) whereas in Provider the tightly adhering testa limited the rate of water uptake (42% weight increase after 12 h) despite the ready access of water to the seed. It is suggested that the degree of adherence of the testa to the cotyledons is the major factor influencing the rate of imbibition of cultivars of dwarf French beans differing in testa colour and its role in determining seed vigour is discussed.

French Beans and Food Scares

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Freidberg
Keyword(s):  
Food Supply ◽  
Cultural Difference ◽  
French Bean ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Green Beans ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
French Beans ◽  
Fresh Food ◽  
Cultural Economies ◽  
Food Economy

From mad cows to McDonaldization to genetically modified maize, European food scares and controversies at the turn of the millennium provoked anxieties about the perils hidden in an increasingly industrialized, internationalized food supply. These food fears have cast a shadow as long as Africa, where farmers struggle to meet European demand for the certifiably clean green bean. But the trade in fresh foods between Africa and Europe is hardly uniform. Britain and France still do business mostly with their former colonies, in ways that differ as dramatically as their national cuisines. The British buy their "baby veg" from industrial-scale farms, pre-packaged and pre-trimmed; the French, meanwhile, prefer their green beans naked, and produced by peasants. Managers and technologists coordinate the baby veg trade between Anglophone Africa and Britain, whereas an assortment of commercants and self-styled agro-entrepreneurs run the French bean trade. Globalization, then, has not erased cultural difference in the world of food and trade, but instead has stretched it to a transnational scale. French Beans and Food Scares explores the cultural economies of two "non-traditional" commodity trades between Africa and Europe--one anglophone, the other francophone--in order to show not only why they differ but also how both have felt the fall-out of the wealthy world's food scares. In a voyage that begins in the mid-19th century and ends in the early 21st, passing by way of Paris, London, Burkina Faso and Zambia, French Beans and Food Scares illuminates the daily work of exporters, importers and other invisible intermediaries in the global fresh food economy. These intermediaries' accounts provide a unique perspective on the practical and ethical challenges of globalized food trading in an anxious age. They also show how postcolonial ties shape not only different societies' geographies of food supply, but also their very ideas about what makes food good.

scholarly journals First Report of Cowpea mild mottle virus in Cowpea and French Bean in Taiwan

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 1001-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Chang ◽  
L. Y. Chien ◽  
C. F. Tsai ◽  
Y. Y. Lin ◽  
Y. H. Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
French Bean ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Replicase Gene ◽  
Degenerate Primers ◽  
French Beans ◽  
Cp Gene ◽  
Asparagus Bean ◽  
Sequence Identities

In 2009, more than 50% of vine type French beans were found bearing severe viral symptoms in a vegetable garden in Nantou County, Taiwan. Infected plants were stunted and exhibited pronounced mottling symptoms on their leaves. The symptomatic plants were mechanically inoculated on Chenopodium quinoa and local lesions developed 7 to 10 days after inoculation. The virus source established by back isolation the single lesion from C. quinoa on French beans developed symptoms similar to those found in the field. Host range test showed that this isolate could only infect leguminous plants, including soybean, mung bean, pea, peanut, asparagus bean, cowpea, adzuki bean, and lima bean, but not cucurbitaceous and solanaceous plants. Since only Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) has been reported in Taiwan to induce similar symptoms in French beans, we tested both the field collected and inoculated French beans by CMV antiserum in ELISA but obtained a negative result. Due to subsequent electron microscopy studies that found potyvirus and carlavirus like particles in the leaf dips of infected French beans, we conducted reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using generic degenerate primers for potyviruses (Hrp5/Pot1 (2) and PotZ/Pot1 (3)) and carlaviruses (Decarla-u2 (5′-TGCACTGARTCMGAYTATGARGCYTT-3′ and Decarla-d1 (5′-GCACATRTCRTCVCCDGCAAA-3′) previously designed in our lab. No amplification was found from the potyvirus primers, while the carlavirus one gave an expected amplicon of 285 bp, which was found sharing 81% nucleotide sequence identity with the replicase gene of Cowpea mild mottle virus (CpMMV) (GenBank Accession No. FJ560903). A primer pair (CpMMV-CPu: 5′-TTTACTCTTAggTWATggAgTC-3′ and CpMMV-CPd: 5′-CCTATTAAAACACACAAHTCAAA-3′) was thus designed to amplify the complete coat protein (CP) gene based on the reported CP sequences and obtained an expected 867-bp product from our French bean isolate. This 867-bp sequence (JX020701) was confirmed to have 97.6% amino acid sequence identities with the CP gene of a Puerto Rican CpMMV isolate (GU191840). In a separate survey, another isolate from asparagus bean (CpMMV-V) causing mild mottling symptom was obtained. Analyses of the CP gene of CpMMV-V (JX070669) confirmed that it shared 88.8% and 97.8% of nucleotide and amino acid sequence identities with the French bean isolate, respectively. Different from most carlaviruses with aphid transmissibility, CpMMV has been shown to be transmitted non-persistently by whiteflies (1). Both CpMMV isolates from Taiwan were confirmed to be transmitted by silver leaf whiteflies (Bemicia argentifolii Bellows and Perring). This is the first record of whitefly transmissible legume virus in Taiwan. Since whitefly has been a problem in agriculture worldwide, CpMMV can be a new emerging threat for Taiwan's legume crop production. References: (1) M. Iwaki et al. Plant Dis. 66:365, 1982. (2) S. S. Pappu et al. J. Virol. Methods 41:9, 1993. (3) F. M. Zerbini et al. Phytopathology 85:746.

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