scholarly journals Silver Nanoparticle: Synthesized and Antimicrobial Activity on Target Plant Pathogens

2020 ◽  
pp. 335-344
Author(s):  
. Shantamma ◽  
K. T. Rangaswamy ◽  
N. B. Prakash ◽  
Raghavendra Achari
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Novel Technology ◽  
Target Plant

The growth rate of agricultural production is reducing worldwide every year due to mainly biotic and abiotic stresses including plant diseases. Various organic and inorganic methods are being used to protect plants from disease causing pathogens. Among them, use of pesticides is the most prevalent one incurring millions of dollars on pesticides globally for control of plant diseases. In recent years, environmental hazards and ill effects caused by indiscriminate use of pesticides have been widely discussed. Therefore, agriculture scientists are finding an alternative antimicrobial compounds such as nanoparticles for the management of diseases with least adverse effect on nature and ecosystem. Herein we reviewed the synthesis, antimicrobial efficacy and compatibility of silver nanoparticles which could help to develop the novel technology for crop protection.

scholarly journals Allelopathy and Agricultural Sustainability: Implication in weed management and crop protection—an overview

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
Zahir Muhammad ◽  
Naila Inayat ◽  
Abdul Majeed ◽  
Hazrat Ali ◽  
Kaleem Ullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Agricultural Sustainability ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Diverse Plant

Abstract Crop plants have defined roles in agricultural production and feeding the world. They are affected by several environmental and biological stresses, which range from soil salinity, drought, and climate change to exposure to diverse plant pathogens. These stresses pose risk to agricultural sustainability. To avoid the increasing biotic and abiotic pressure on crop plants, agrochemicals are extensively used in agriculture for attaining desirable yield and production of crops. However, the use of agrochemicals is also challenging the integrity of ecosystems. Thus, to maintain the integrity of ecosystem, sustainable measures for elevated crop production are required. Allelopathy, a process of chemical interactions between plants and other organisms, could be used in the management of several biotic and abiotic stresses if the basic mechanisms of the phenomena and plants with allelopathic potentials are known. Allelopathy has a promising future for its application in agriculture for natural weed management, improving soil health and suppressing plant diseases. The aim of this review is to discuss the importance of allelopathy in agriculture and its role in sustainability with a specific focus on weed management and crop protection.

scholarly journals Lesson from Ecotoxicity: Revisiting the Microbial Lipopeptides for the Management of Emerging Diseases for Crop Protection

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1434
Author(s):  
Deepti Malviya ◽  
Pramod Kumar Sahu ◽  
Udai B. Singh ◽  
Surinder Paul ◽  
Amrita Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Biological Pest Control ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition

Microorganisms area treasure in terms of theproduction of various bioactive compounds which are being explored in different arenas of applied sciences. In agriculture, microbes and their bioactive compounds are being utilized in growth promotion and health promotion withnutrient fortification and its acquisition. Exhaustive explorations are unraveling the vast diversity of microbialcompounds with their potential usage in solving multiferous problems incrop production. Lipopeptides are one of such microbial compounds which havestrong antimicrobial properties against different plant pathogens. These compounds are reported to be produced by bacteria, cyanobacteria, fungi, and few other microorganisms; however, genus Bacillus alone produces a majority of diverse lipopeptides. Lipopeptides are low molecular weight compounds which havemultiple industrial roles apart from being usedas biosurfactants and antimicrobials. In plant protection, lipopeptides have wide prospects owing totheirpore-forming ability in pathogens, siderophore activity, biofilm inhibition, and dislodging activity, preventing colonization bypathogens, antiviral activity, etc. Microbes with lipopeptides that haveall these actions are good biocontrol agents. Exploring these antimicrobial compounds could widen the vistasof biological pest control for existing and emerging plant pathogens. The broader diversity and strong antimicrobial behavior of lipopeptides could be a boon for dealing withcomplex pathosystems and controlling diseases of greater economic importance. Understanding which and how these compounds modulate the synthesis and production of defense-related biomolecules in the plants is a key question—the answer of whichneeds in-depth investigation. The present reviewprovides a comprehensive picture of important lipopeptides produced by plant microbiome, their isolation, characterization, mechanisms of disease control, behavior against phytopathogens to understand different aspects of antagonism, and potential prospects for future explorations as antimicrobial agents. Understanding and exploring the antimicrobial lipopeptides from bacteria and fungi could also open upan entire new arena of biopesticides for effective control of devastating plant diseases.

Brassinosteroids roles and applications: an up-date

Biologia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yamilet Coll ◽  
Francisco Coll ◽  
Asunción Amorós ◽  
Merardo Pujol
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractBrassinosteroids are plant steroidal compounds involved in many functions related with plant development, metabolism, signalling and defense against a wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses. Plant architecture, which has a major effect on crop yield, is strongly influenced by brassinosteroids action. Brassinosteroids are recognized as key regulators of plant growth and development involved in a broad spectrum of processes at the molecular, cellular, and physiological levels. These roles suggest that many of the constraints of present agricultural production might be alleviated by manipulation of genetic determinants dealing with brassinosteroids, as well as by its exogenous application. Brassinosteroids are natural, nontoxic, non-genotoxic, biosafe, and eco-friendly, and can therefore be used in agriculture and horticulture to improve the growth, yields, quality, and tolerance of various plants to biotic and abiotic stresses. The present paper comprehensively reviews the latest results in the field of brassinosteroids and envisages future impacts in agriculture.

scholarly journals Current status of plant pathogens of agricultural importance for Colombia. A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Miguel Marques Monteiro Amaro ◽  
Jonathan Cope ◽  
Bárbara Franco-Orozco
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Phytophthora Palmivora ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Food And Agriculture

Plant disease still plays a major role in limiting agricultural production worldwide. Pathogens and pests reduce crop yield and can cause large reductions in crop quality. Colombia is no exception as it contends with many devastating pathogens that present a major threat to the country’s agricultural sector. This review is important because it highlights four of the more damaging pathogens that affect the economics of important crops in Colombia - Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. manihotis (Xpm), Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), Phytophthora palmivora, and Hemileia vastatrix. This paper was based on an extensive literature search for plant diseases in Colombia in databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar. Moreover, this search was complemented with research on crop production in the country in databases made available by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The four pathogens reviewed in this paper were chosen not only because of their current devastating effects on Colombia’s agricultural production but also because of their potential to cause further damage in the near future. Understanding the current situation of these crop pathogens in Colombia is imperative for state directives aimed at developing informed and efficient control strategies.

scholarly journals Epigenetics of ecological niches

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 30-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor A Tikhonovich ◽  
Nikolay A Provorov
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Biogenic Elements ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Adaptive Traits ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Reproduction Cycle ◽  
Stable Maintenance

The development of symbioses ensures formation of the super-organism systems for heredity (symbiogenomes) which represent the products of joint adaptations of partners towards an unfavorable environment. Using the examples of symbioses which enable plants and microorganisms to cooperatively overcome the limitations in the major biogenic elements (C, N, P) or impacts of the biotic and abiotic stresses we demonstrate that symbiosis involves not only the de novo formation (epigenesis) by plant of the ecological niches for hosting the microsymbionts, but also the reorganizations of relevant genetic systems in accordance to the partners’ genotypes and environmental conditions. A possibility to address the ongoing processes in terms of epigenetics is evident when the microsymbionts occurring in the novel niches are included into the host reproduction cycle ensuring a stable maintenance of novel adaptation in the next generations suggesting that the newly formed symbiogenome have acquired the properties of a system for inheritance of the newly acquired adaptive traits.

scholarly journals Efficient Exploration of Silicon Derived Benefits to Combat Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in Fruit Crops

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinaykumar Rachappanavar ◽  
Arushi Padiyal ◽  
Jitender Kumar Sharma ◽  
Satish Kumar Gupta ◽  
Narender Negi
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Uptake Mechanism ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Additional Support

Abstract Silicon (Si) is the most abundant element after oxygen on the earth crust surface. It plays essential role in crop production by stimulating the growth and development. Very substantial efforts have been performed to better explore Si derived benefits for horticulture crops. In the present review, molecular and physiological mechanisms explaining the observed beneficial effects plant derive from the Si supplementations, more particularly in horticultural species have been discussed. In general, horticulture crops need extensive management and higher crop protection measures compared to agronomical crops. Therefore, integrated approaches including Si supplementations will help to improve plant resilience under biotic and abiotic stresses. Application of Si to plants promotes cell walls strength and provides additional support through increased mechanical and biochemical support. Horticultural crop production is frequently subjected to the naturally occurring different biotic and abiotic stresses that can substantially reduce the absorption and translation of essential elements and ultimately decrease the crop yield. Fruit and vegetable production in Drought, salinity, high and low temperature, toxic metals and pest infection prone areas is the key to meet the world minimum nutrients demand. Here, molecular mechanism involved in the Si uptake by root and subsequent transport to areal tissues is also illustrated. However, Si uptake mechanism at molecular level poorly studied in horticulture crops. Here we described the role of Si and its transporters in mitigating abiotic stress condition in horticultural plants.

scholarly journals Revisiting and Enlisting Important QTLs Identified in Frech Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.): A Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Kaur Dhaliwal ◽  
Pooja Salaria ◽  
Prashant Kaushik
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
French Bean ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽  
Biotic Stresses

French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) a member of family Leguminosae is a useful source of protein (∼22%), minerals (folate), vitamins and fibre. Abiotic and biotic stresses are the constraints to high yield and production of French bean. Varieties reluctant to diseases as well as abiotic stresses is among the top breeding objectives for the French bean. Mendelian ratios could know the genetically reliable forms of resistance, whereas it's more robust to understand the intricate kinds, often referred to as quantitative trait loci (QTL). Here, we review and compile the information from the studies related to the identification of QTLs for critical biofortification traits, biotic and abiotic stresses in French bean. Successful map-based cloning requires QTLs represent single genes which could be isolated in near-isogenic lines, and also the genotypes could be unambiguously inferred by progeny testing. Overall, this information will be useful for directing the French bean breeders to select a suitable method for the inheritance evaluation of quantitative traits and determining the novel genes in germplasm resources to ensure that much more potential of genetic information may be uncovered.

scholarly journals Interaction between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Bacillus spp. in soil enhancing growth of crop plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuroopa Nanjundappa ◽  
Davis Joseph Bagyaraj ◽  
Anil Kumar Saxena ◽  
Murugan Kumar ◽  
Hillol Chakdar
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Symbiotic Association ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Soil Microbial Population

AbstractSoil microorganisms play an important role in enhancing soil fertility and plant health. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria form a key component of the soil microbial population. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi form symbiotic association with most of the cultivated crop plants and they help plants in phosphorus nutrition and protecting them against biotic and abiotic stresses. Many species of Bacillus occurring in soil are also known to promote plant growth through phosphate solubilization, phytohormone production and protection against biotic and abiotic stresses. Synergistic interaction between AMF and Bacillus spp. in promoting plant growth compared to single inoculation with either of them has been reported. This is because of enhanced nutrient uptake, protection against plant pathogens and alleviation of abiotic stresses (water, salinity and heavy metal) through dual inoculation compared to inoculation with either AMF or Bacillus alone.

scholarly journals Horizontal Gene Transfer and Tandem Duplication Shape the Unique CAZyme Complement of the Mycoparasitic Oomycetes Pythium oligandrum and Pythium periplocum

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Liang ◽  
Christian Benjamin Andersen ◽  
Ramesh R. Vetukuri ◽  
Daolong Dou ◽  
Laura J. Grenville-Briggs
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Tandem Duplication ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Pythium Oligandrum ◽  
Fungal Cell

Crop protection strategies that are effective but that reduce our reliance on chemical pesticides are urgently needed to meet the UN sustainable development goals for global food security. Mycoparasitic oomycetes such as Pythium oligandrum and Pythium periplocum, have potential for the biological control of plant diseases that threaten crops and have attracted much attention due to their abilities to antagonize plant pathogens and modulate plant immunity. Studies of the molecular and genetic determinants of mycoparasitism in these species have been less well developed than those of their fungal counterparts. Carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) from P. oligandrum and P. periplocum are predicted to be important components of mycoparasitism, being involved in the degradation of the cell wall of their oomycete and fungal prey species. To explore the evolution of CAZymes of these species we performed an in silico identification and comparison of the full CAZyme complement (CAZyome) of the two mycoparasitic Pythium species (P. oligandrum and P. periplocum), with seven other Pythium species, and four Phytophthora species. Twenty CAZy gene families involved in the degradation of cellulose, hemicellulose, glucan, and chitin were expanded in, or unique to, mycoparasitic Pythium species and several of these genes were expressed during mycoparasitic interactions with either oomycete or fungal prey, as revealed by RNA sequencing and quantitative qRT-PCR. Genes from three of the cellulose and chitin degrading CAZy families (namely AA9, GH5_14, and GH19) were expanded via tandem duplication and predominantly located in gene sparse regions of the genome, suggesting these enzymes are putative pathogenicity factors able to undergo rapid evolution. In addition, five of the CAZy gene families were likely to have been obtained from other microbes by horizontal gene transfer events. The mycoparasitic species are able to utilize complex carbohydrates present in fungal cell walls, namely chitin and N-acetylglucosamine for growth, in contrast to their phytopathogenic counterparts. Nonetheless, a preference for the utilization of simple sugars for growth appears to be a common trait within the oomycete lineage.

scholarly journals Plant Growth-promoting Microorganisms Isolated from Plants as Potential Antimicrobial Producers: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bazilah Marzaini ◽  
Aslizah Mohd-Aris
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
New Compounds

The agricultural industry worldwide faces challenges in the struggle against plant diseases. In efforts to increase agricultural intensities, the dependency on agrochemicals for crop protection has become significantly high. Moreover, the increasing use of agrochemical-based products has resulted in multidrug-resistant pathogens and environmental pollution. This paper reviews the biocontrol capacity of plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPMs) originating from plants towards plant pathogens. The current trend in discovering new compounds has shown antimicrobial activity gaining immense interest due to its vast potential. On a related note, PGPMs are an aspect of that research interest that can be further explored as antimicrobial producers. In this work, we also covered the types of biocontrol mechanisms pertaining to PGPMs as well as their roles in biocontrol activity. A biocontrol approach exploits disease-suppressive microorganisms to improve plant health by controlling related pathogens. The understanding of these microorganisms and mechanisms of pathogen antagonismare primary factors in ensuring improvement for future applications. Inevitably, there is indeed room for rigorous expansion with respect to PGPMs in the future of agriculture.

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