scholarly journals Assessment of Lycopene Derived Fresh and Processed Tomato Products on Human Diet in Eliminating Health Diseases

2021 ◽  
pp. 165-172
Author(s):  
Priyanka Sharma ◽  
Monish Roy ◽  
Bidhan Roy
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Stable Form ◽  
Carotenoid Pigments ◽  
Carotenoid Pigment ◽  
Singlet Oxygen Quenching ◽  
Tomato Products

Tomato which is scientifically known as Lycopersicon esculentum and basically belonging to the Solanaceae family is categorized as one of the most essential horticultural crops. The red colour in tomatoes and other fruits is primarily due to the presence of a carotenoid pigment particularly lycopene which acts as a phytochemical. Higher concentrations of lycopene pigment are particularly found in fruits like tomatoes, watermelon, pink grapefruit, pink guava, red bell pepper, sea buckhorn, wolfberry, and rosehip. Lycopene plays a fundamental role in the process of biosynthesis of several carotenoid pigments specifically available in two forms; Hydrocarbon carotenoids and Xanthophylls thereby responsible for imparting red, yellow, and orange color in addition to photosynthesis and photo-protection in terms of plants, algae and other photosynthetic organisms. It acts as a potential antioxidant among the entire carotenoid pigments because of its characteristics involving strong color and anti-toxicity properties. Vitamins enriched beta carotene provitamin A, and Ascorbic acid in the form of edible compounds have been abundantly found in tomatoes. Daily intake of lycopene through consumption of tomato and processed tomato products helps in reducing the risk of chronic diseases particularly cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Epidemiological studies have indicated the importance of lycopene in eliminating the risk of human diseases thereby preventing it from deterioration of health. Based on the chemical structure of lycopene, it exists in a thermodynamically stable form thereby exhibiting trans-configuration.  In this manuscript, major emphasis highlighted in involving an intake of carotenoid enriched fruits and vegetables for further controlling and reducing the risk of occurrence of human diseases has been reviewed. In addition, significance of manufacturing of value added products and its consumption in the form of tomato oil, non-alcoholic flavored drink etc. has also been reviewed. Authentic information in terms of the addition of lycopene in a daily balanced diet either fresh or processed tomato products along with its functions involving the singlet oxygen quenching ability, as well as benefits of consuming lycopene derived fruits has been reviewed in this manuscript.

scholarly journals Dietary heterocyclic aromatic amine intake and cancer risk: epidemiological evidence from Japanese studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Motoki Iwasaki ◽  
Shoichiro Tsugane
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Colorectal Adenoma ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines ◽  
Cooking Methods ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Significant Positive Association

AbstractHeterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs), which are formed from the reaction of creatine or creatinine, amino acids, and sugars in meat and fish cooked at high temperatures, have been shown to be mutagenic in bacterial assays and carcinogenic in animal models. Following advances in the dietary assessment of HAA intake in epidemiological studies - including development of a validated meat-cooking module and a specialized food composition database - a number of epidemiological studies have specifically examined the association of HAA intake and cancer risk, most of which were conducted in Western countries. Given that dietary habits and cooking methods differ across countries, however, epidemiological investigation of dietary HAA intake requires a population-specific assessment method. Here, we developed a practical method for assessing dietary HAA intake among Japanese using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and evaluated its validity for use in epidemiological studies by comparison with 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4,5-b] pyridine (PhIP) levels in human hair. The Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study reported that daily intake of HAAs among Japanese was relatively low, and that more than 50% of total intake in mainland Japan was derived from fish. Only four case-control studies in Japan have been reported so far, for colorectal, stomach and prostate cancer, and colorectal adenoma. A statistically significant positive association was found between 2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo [4,5-f] quinoline (MeIQ) and the risk of colorectal adenoma and between individual and total HAAs and the risk of prostate cancer. In contrast, no association was observed for colorectal or stomach cancer, or for colorectal adenoma among men. We also found that the limited and inconsistent findings among epidemiological studies are due to the difficulty in assessing exposure levels of HAAs. In addition to further evidence from prospective cohort studies in Japanese based on dietary HAA intake estimated by FFQs, studies using other methods to assess HAA exposure, such as biomarkers, are highly anticipated.

scholarly journals Study of nitrate levels in fruits and vegetables to assess the potential health risks in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rayhan Uddin ◽  
Mostak Uddin Thakur ◽  
Mohammad Zia Uddin ◽  
G. M. Rabiul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Nitrate Accumulation ◽  
Health Risk Index ◽  
Potential Health

AbstractNitrate is a chemical compound naturally present in fruits and vegetables. This study aims at assessing the nitrate levels and health risks arising from high consumption of fruits and vegetables in Bangladesh. Sixteen species of fruits and vegetables were examined for nitrates using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Photo Diode Array (PDA) detector. Ward’s hierarchical cluster analysis was carried out to identify the cluster of tested fruits and vegetables for the nitrate contents. A point estimate of the daily intake was applied to find the health risks that arise due to elevated levels of nitrate in fruits and vegetables. The results show that root and tuber vegetables accumulate significantly higher levels of nitrate in comparison to fruits and fruit vegetables (P < 0.05). In cluster analysis, the nitrate accumulation of fruits and vegetables show four clear clusters contributing to 29.54%, 7.17%, 4.42%, and 58.57% of the total nitrate content in the entire sample. The risk assessment of the Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) and Health Risk Index (HRI) of almost all the tested samples was in the acceptable range, except for radish, thereby indicating the acceptance of risk due to nitrate intake in Bangladesh. As nitrate may have had risk factor for health, during cultivation and storing the product should be properly monitored.

scholarly journals Formulation of Coated Tablets Film of Jengkol Fruit Seeds (Pithecellobium lobatum Benth.) as A Selenium Herbal Supplement

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dolih Gozali ◽  
Mutakin Mutakin ◽  
Yunita Yunita ◽  
Norisca Aliza Putri
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Wet Granulation ◽  
Herbal Supplement ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Crude Fiber Content ◽  
Coated Tablet

The correlation between the high content of selenium (Se) in plasma and the low prevalence of cardiovascular disease has been published in previous epidemiological studies. The content of Se in the plasma is determined by daily intake. A preliminary surveillance of Se content of several plants showed that the seeds of jengkol (Pithecellobium lobatum Benth.) has the highest concentration of Se. This study aims to develop a pharmaceutical formulation of Se supplement for adjuvant therapy of cardiovascular disease. The jengkol seeds was made into film coated tablets with a wet granulation method. Optimization of the core tablet formula was carried out with variations of binder concentration and coating material. Evaluation was carried out on uniformity of size and weight, disintegration time, hardness and friability. The content evaluation was carried out including the levels of Se, water content, ash, fat, protein, carbohydrate and crude fiber. The results showed that the F3 had the lowest friability and highest hardness. The coating of tablets using PVA has covered the smell of jengkol seed. The evaluation results showed that film coated tablets contained the Se level content of 0.074 ± 0.004 µg/g, water content of 2.19%, ash content of 1.88%, fat content of 0.89%, protein content of 0.66%, carbohydrate content of 94.38% and crude fiber content 1.79%. The results showed that the jengkol seed film coated tablet formulation could be used as a supplement in additional therapy for cardiovascular disease.Keywords    : Pithecellobium lobatum, film coated tablet, herbal supplement, selenium

scholarly journals Analysis of Carotenoid Pigment Types in the Carapace of the Male Crab Grapsus albolinetaus Latreille in Milbert 1812

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Fatika Sari Mokoginta ◽  
Darus Saadah Johanis Paransa ◽  
Kurnati Kemer ◽  
James J. H. Paulus ◽  
Nickson J. Kawung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Separation Technique ◽  
Carotenoid Pigments ◽  
Carotenoid Pigment ◽  
Silica Powder ◽  
Male Crab ◽  
Yellow Orange

Carotenoid pigments have various colors such as yellow, orange, or red-orange. One of the carotenoid pigment sources is Crab G. albolineatus Latreille in Milbert 1812. Column chromatography separation technique was used to determine the metabolism of carotenoid pigments in the crab G. albolineatus latreille in Milbert 1812. This CC separation used hexane and acetone as the developer solution (70:30). The developer solution as known as the mobile phase is semipolar, while the stationary phase is silica powder G60. Therefore, it formed two metabolic pathways. The male G. albolineatus crab used in this study was on the D3 molting stage which had a concentration of 36.37 g/g dry residue and 4.72 g content. The types of pigments identified are: β – karoten, Zeaxanthin, lutein, β – kriptoxanthin dan Astaxanthin.Keywords: Carotenoid Pigments; G. albolineatus; Column Chromatography; MoltingAbstrakPigmen karotenoid memiliki berbagai warna seperti kuning, oranye, atau merah oranye. Salah satu sumber pigmen karotenoid adalah pada karapas kepiting G. albolineatus Latreille in Milbert 1812. Untuk mengetahui metabolisme jenis pigmen karotenoid pada kepiting Grapsus albolineatus latreille in Milbert 1812 yaitu menggunakan pemisahan kromatografi Kolom. Pemisahan KK ini menggunakan larutan pengembang heksan dan aseton (70:30). Larutan pengembang merupakan fase gerak yang bersifat semipolar dan fase diamnya menggunakan bubuk silika G60. Terbentuk dua  jalur metabolisme. Kepiting G. albolineatus jantan yang digunakan pada penelitian berada di stadium molting D3 dengan konsentrasi sebesar 36,37 µg/g berat residu kering dan kandungan 4,72 µg. Jenis pigmen yang teridentifikasi yaitu : β – karoten, Zeaxanthin, lutein, β – kriptoxanthin dan Astaxanthin.Kata kunci: Pigmen; Karotenoid; G. albolineatus; Kromatofrafi Kolom; Molting

scholarly journals Industries without Smokestacks

2018 ◽  
pp. 232-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
António S. Cruz ◽  
Fausto J. Mafambissa
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Growth Strategy ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Gross Domestic Product Growth ◽  
Aggregate Growth ◽  
Total Labour

Under the current international economic conditions, where Asian countries are strong competitors in the manufacturing commodities, low-income countries like Mozambique could attempt to compete in industries without smokestacks. Fruits and vegetables, agro-processing goods, and various tradable services are estimated to have contributed 1.9 per cent to annual average gross domestic product growth in 1993–2015, when the aggregate growth was 7.8 per cent. Around 80 per cent of the total labour force is dedicated to primary activities, producing 25 per cent of the aggregated value added in 2013–15. The share of services in total exports was only 17 per cent in 2012–14. Although still relatively small, these industries have potential for growth, if Mozambique follows a diversified growth strategy.

Nutritional value and health benefits of horticulture.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Bodily Function ◽  
Functional Components

Abstract Daily consumption of fruit and vegetables is encouraged as important for human health and nutrition because the vitamins, minerals, essential micronutrients, fibre, vegetable proteins and bio-functional components they provide are crucial for bodily function. The FAO/WHO expert consultation (2004) on diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases recommended a daily intake of 400 g (five portions) of fruits and vegetables (excluding potatoes and other starchy tubers) to prevent heart disease, cancer, diabetes and obesity. However, despite this recognition, world-wide per capita consumption of fruits and vegetables is estimated to be 20-50% short of the minimum recommended level. In 2013 an estimated 5.2 million deaths worldwide were attributable to inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption. Adhering to the WHO recommendations for fruit and vegetable intake can prevent morbidity and mortality caused by micronutrient deficiencies, birth defects, mental and physical retardation, weakened immune systems, blindness and even death. Improving the dietary diversity through horticulture-based food intake is an effective and sustainable approach to combating micronutrient malnutrition in both developed and developing countries (Kennedy et al., 2003).

Industrially Important Enzymes Production From Food Waste

2019 ◽  
pp. 31-42
Author(s):  
Madhuri Santosh Bhandwalkar
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Oil Products ◽  
Food Demand ◽  
Food Processing Waste ◽  
Land Filling

To link food demand and reduction in food waste, proactive approaches should be taken. Perishable food is mainly fruits and vegetables, waste from different processing industries like pulses, meat products, oil products, dairy products, and fishery byproducts. Conventional food waste management solution is land filling which is not sustainable as it generates global warming gases like methane and carbon dioxide. To reduce food waste, the process known as “food valorization” has become another solution to landfilling, the concept which is given by European Commission in 2012, meaning food processing waste conversion to value-added products. In this chapter the study focuses on production of industrially important enzymes from food waste which could be one of the reactive solutions. Different enzymes like pectinase, peroxidase, lipase, glucoamylase, and protease can be produced from food waste.

Determination of Geotrichum Mold in Comminuted Fruits and Vegetables: Collaborative Study

1982 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 1095-1096
Author(s):  
Stanley M Cichowicz ◽  
Ruth Bandler ◽  
◽  
R Bandler ◽  
G Dzidowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Violet ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Green Beans ◽  
Aoac Method ◽  
Tomato Products

Abstract The official AOAC method for determination of Geotrichum mold in canned fruits and vegetables (44.079) requires a series of 3 sieves, Nos. 8, 16, and 230, to separate the packing liquid from the product and the mold from the packing liquid. Although this method has been successful for whole or coarsely chopped products (e.g., green beans, potatoes, carrots, and beets), finely divided products such as fruit purees and tomato products tend to clog the sieves. A method was developed in which the product is centrifuged, diluted by volume, stained with crystal violet, and counted with the sieving steps eliminated. The proposed method was adopted official first action.

scholarly journals Bioactive Phytochemicals and Functional Food Ingredients in Fruits and Vegetables

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3278
Author(s):  
Francesca Giampieri ◽  
Maurizio Battino
Keyword(s):  
Functional Food ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Bioactive Phytochemicals

Today, it is widely accepted that a plant-based diet produces wellbeing and prevents the onset of several human diseases [...]

scholarly journals Fluoride Risk Assessment from Consumption of Different Foods Commercialized in a European Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 6582
Author(s):  
Juan R. Jaudenes ◽  
Ángel J. Gutiérrez ◽  
Soraya Paz ◽  
Carmen Rubio ◽  
Arturo Hardisson
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Fluoride Ion ◽  
Skeletal Fluorosis ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Tree Nuts ◽  
Rice Consumption ◽  
Soil And Water

Fluoride is a halogen found in soil and water from natural and anthropogenic sources. Foods, such as cereals, fruits, and vegetables, among others, absorb and accumulate fluoride. High intakes of this element produce toxic effects such as dental or skeletal fluorosis. Fluoride content was determined in a total of 144 samples from different food groups (cereals and derivatives, fruits, tree nuts, dry fruits, mushrooms, vegetables, and legumes) using selective fluoride ion potentiometry. The fluoride concentration stood out in almonds (3.70 ± 0.96 mg/kg), walnuts (3.53 ± 0.62 mg/kg), bread (2.54 ± 0.85 mg/kg), and rice (2.28 ± 0.93 mg/kg). Consumption of 236 g/day of bread or 263 g/day of rice represents 100% of the recommended daily intake (DRI) set at 0.6 mg/day for children aged 1–3 years. In the case of rice consumption by children of these ages, it is recommended to use bottled water for rice preparation. The consumption of the analyzed foods by teenagers and adults does not pose a health risk.

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