scholarly journals Evaluation of Protective and Therapeutic Potentials of Aqueous Extract of Corn Silk on Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
Ogechi Edna Nwachuku ◽  
Ojoye Ngoye Briggs ◽  
Dickson Okike ◽  
Ngozi Brisibie ◽  
Ibioku Elekima
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Therapeutic Treatment ◽  
Histological Techniques ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Corn Silk ◽  
Distal Tubules ◽  
Protective Treatment

Aim: To evaluate the protective and therapeutic potentials of corn silk extract on gentamicin (CN)-induced nephrotoxicity in albino rats. Study Design: The rats were randomly selected and grouped as follows: Group 1 (NC): Were given only food and water. They served as negative control. Group 2 (PC): Were treated with 80 mg/kg/day of CN over a period of 7 days. They served as the positive control. Protective Treatment: Group 3a (CN+CSP 200 mg/kg): Concurrently treated with 200 mg/kg corn silk extract and 80 mg/kg/day of CN for 7 days. 200 mg/kg corn silk extract continued for 30 days. Group 3b (CN+CSP 400 mg/kg): Concurrently treated with 400 mg/kg corn silk extract and 80 mg/kg of CN for seven days. 400 mg/kg corn silk extract continued for 30 days.  Therapeutic treatment: Group 4a (CN+CST 200 mg/kg): Induction of nephrotoxicity with 80 mg/kg/day of CN for seven days before the administration of 200 mg/kg of corn silk extract for 30 days. Group 4b (CN+CST 400 mg/kg): Induction of nephrotoxicity with 80 mg/kg/day of CN for 7 days before the administration of 400 mg/kg of corn silk extract for 30 days. Methodology: At the end of the treatment, the animals were allowed to fast for 18 hours and later anaesthetized using chloroform. Whole blood samples were collected via cardiac puncture and put into lithium heparin bottles. The samples were then spun at 3500 rpm for 5 minutes to obtain plasma. Kidney specimens harvested were fixed in 10% formol saline. Sections were prepared using histological techniques and stained using Haematoxylin and Eosin stain. Urea was analysed using Berthelot’s enzymatic colorimetric method, creatinine using Jaffe’s enzyme-kinetic method while the estimation of Na+, K+, and Cl- were performed using Ion Selective Electrode (ISE) analyzer. Results: Significantly lower (p<0.05) values of creatinine and urea were seen in protective and therapeutic treatment groups when compared against positive control. Potassium indicated significantly lower values especially in the therapeutic groups when compared against negative control while chloride indicated significantly higher values in 400 mg/kg rats compared with positive control at p<0.05. Histology of the protective treatment groups showed slightly distorted glomerular space, vacuolations, and dilated proximal and distal tubules. The positive control and the therapeutic treatment groups indicated severely damaged glomerulus, glomerular space, proximal and distal tubules as well as loss of parenchymal materials and presence of kupffer cell infiltration were seen but less severe in the therapeutic group compared to the positive control. Conclusion: The results obtained suggest protective and therapeutic potentials of corn silk extract on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in albino rats. However, the therapeutic efficacy was progressively gradual and not be fast-effective as documented in most traditional or herbal literatures.

scholarly journals Haematological Indices in Trypanosoma Brucei Brucei (Federe Isolate) Infected Nigerian Donkeys (Equus Asinus) Treated with Homidium and Isometamidium Chloride

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Queen Nneka Oparah ◽  
Anthony Bedu kojo Sackey ◽  
Idris Alao Lawal ◽  
Usman Shehu Abdullahi
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Equus Asinus

Abstract The efficacy of intramuscular administration of Homidium chloride (Novidium®) and Isometamidium chloride (Sécuridium®) in Nigerian donkeys (Equus asinus) experimentally infected with T. b. brucei (Federe isolate) was investigated. Changes in haematological and serum biochemical indices were evaluated using clinical haematology and biochemistry methods. Red blood cell (RBC) count for the negative control group was significantly higher than for the positive control, Novidium® and Sécuridium®-treatment groups. Haemoglobin (Hb) concentration significantly reduced in the infected untreated group compared with other groups. Packed cell volume (PCV) was significantly different between negative and positive controls, and also between the infected untreated and treatment groups. There was significant reduction in platelet counts post-infection and post-treatment. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) increased significantly in the treatment groups while mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) significantly reduced only in the Sécuridium®-treatment group. Lymphocyte count for infected untreated was non-significantly higher than for the uninfected controls, but treatment with both trypanocides recorded further increases, which were higher compared with that of the uninfected group. Post infection and treatment, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels increased significantly. There were non-significant differences in electrolyte ion concentrations across the groups except for chloride ion which recorded a significant reduction in the Novidium®-treatment group. This experiment revealed that Nigerian donkeys infected with T. brucei brucei (Federe isolate) developed symptoms of trypanosomosis; anaemia, lymphocytosis and thrombocytopenia. Treatment with the trypanocides ameliorated effects of the infection, and results suggest that immunosuppression may not be a substantial clinical manifestation of T. brucei brucei (Federe isolate) trypanosomosis in Nigerian donkeys.

scholarly journals Daya Vermisidal Ekstrak Lima Jenis Etnofarmakologi terhadap Cacing Haemonchus contortus Secara In-vitro

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
I Gusti Komang Oka Wirawan ◽  
Kurniasih Kurniasih ◽  
Joko Prastowo ◽  
Wisnu Nurcahyo
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Effective Concentration ◽  
Single Treatment ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Several Variables

       Research aimed to identify the most effective concentration of five extract types (EKBMCP, EKPAS, EDMSP, EBJCP, dan EDMCO) as vermicidal anthelmintic against          H. contortus in-vitro. Research was consisted of seven groups, among them five groups were considered as treatment groups that named based on the extract type (EKBMCP, EKPAS, EDMSP, EBJCP, dan EDMCO). Each treatment group was consisted five subgroups of etnopharmacological concentration : 0,5%, 1,5%, 2,5%, 3,5% dari 0,2 g/mL. Other two group were regarded as a negative control by distilled water treatment, and a positive control by pyrantel pamoat 5%. Every single treatment group was quadruplet and exposure each concentration were performed in quadruplet with variation in exposure times i.e. : 1, 3,             5, and 7 hours. The research focused on several variables that were the percentage of live and dead H. contortus in the treatment groups, extract concentration, and treatment period by using selected etnopharmacological extract. The effective vermicidal anthelmentic concentration of each treatment was analyzed descriptively. The results showed that five etnopharmacological extract types that were EKBMCP, EKPAS, EDMSP, EBJCP, dan EDMCO had a potency as vermicidal anthelmentic. Among those treatment, EKPAS and EBJCP had the lowest concentration (2,5%) to produce optimum vermicidal effect (100%) with period five hours exposure. Other treatment groups with EKBMCP and EDMSP needed 3,5% concentration with exposure period seven hours to produce optimum vermicidal effect, respectively. Another treatment group with EDMCO needed 3,5% concentration with exposure time seven hours to produce optimum vermicidal effect. 

scholarly journals Purple Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn.) Petal Extract Prevents Hepatocyte Degeneration in Wistar Rats Exposed to Cigarette Smoke

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Arya Ulilalbab ◽  
Bambang Wiratmadi ◽  
Merryana Adriani
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Liver Histopathology

Currently, the number of smokers in Indonesia is still high. Cigarette smoke contains free radicals. This study aimed to analyze the effects of purple rosella petal extract on the prevention of hepatocyte degeneration in Wistar rats exposed to cigarette smoke. Twenty male rats were divided into four groups: negative control, positive control, treatment group receiving 270 mg/kg BW purple rosella petal extract, and treatment group receiving 540 mg/kg BW purple rosella calyx extract. Negative control was only given with standard feed. Positive control was given with standard feed and exposed to 2 cigarettes a day. Treatment groups were fed with standard feed and administered with rosella extract in the morning then exposed to 2 cigarettes every day. This study was conducted for 28 days. At the end of the study, hepatocyte degeneration was observed in liver histopathology stained with hematoxilin eosin. The administration of purple rosella petal extracts in the doses of 540 mg/kgBW and 270 mg/kgBW significantly (p<0.05) prevented hepatocyte degeneration. Purple rosella petal extract is able to prevent hepatocyte degeneration in Wistar rats exposed to cigarette smoke.

scholarly journals Analgesic effectiveness comparison between red betel leaf extract (Piper crocatum) and therapy dosage of aspirin in mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
DIAN AJENG ATIKANINGRUM ◽  
ENDANG EDININGSIH ◽  
CR. SITI UTARI
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Betel Leaf ◽  
Significant Difference

Atikaningrum DA, Ediningsih E, Utari CRS. 2013. Analgesic effectiveness comparison between red betel leaf extract (Piper crocatum) and therapy dosage of aspirin in mice. Biofarmasi 11: 1-6. The aim of this research was to find out an analgesic effectiveness of red betel leaf extract (Piper crocatum) compared to the therapy dosage of aspirin in mice. This research used a completely randomize experimental design. The subject in this research were 30 male mice of Swiss which in age of 2-3 months with 20-30 grams weight. The subjects were divided into five treatment groups: (i) negative control group (aquadest), (ii) positive control group (aspirin), (iii) first treatment group (3.64 mg red betel leaf extract), (iv) second treatment group (7.28 mg red betel leaf extract), and (v) third treatment group (14.56 mg red betel leaf extract). Analgesic effect was determined by counting the mice jump on 42oC in hotplate during 5 minutes, 2 hours after treatment. The obtained data were tested statistically by Anova and Pos-Hoc processed by Lead Significance Difference. The Anova test showed that there were significant differences among five treatment groups, while the LSD test showed that there were significant difference between negative control group and treatment groups, and the second and third treatment groups showed no significant difference with positive control group. The red betel leaf extract had an analgesic effect when it was given orally in mice. The treatment groups that had the same efficacy with the aspirin treatment group were the second (7.28 mg red betel leaf extract) and the third groups (14.56 mg red betle leaf extract).

scholarly journals Evaluation of Protective Properties of Elaeis oleifera Fruit Extract on Renal Parameters of Dichlorvos-Induced Nephrotoxocity in Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Edna Ogechi Nwachuku ◽  
Fedelis Beega ◽  
Adline Erinma Ben- Chioma ◽  
Ngozi Brisibe ◽  
Ibioku Elekima
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Positive Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Acute Study

Aim: Evaluate the protective effects of palm oil on renal parameters after dichlorvos toxicity in albino rats. Study Design and Methodology: The study consisted of 3 phases: The acute study which lasted for 24 hours, the sub-acute study which lasted for 14 days and the sub chronic study which lasted for 30 days. The design and treatment pattern is shown below. Phase 1: Acute Study. Group 1: No DDVP, No palm oil for 24 hours (Negative control), Group 2: 30 mg/kg of DDVP without palm oil (positive control), Group 3: 30 mg/kg of DDVP and 100 mg/kg palm oil for 24 hours (treatment group). Phase 2: Sub-Acute (14 days) Study. Group 4: No DDVP, No palm oil for 14 days (Negative control), Group 5: 10 mg/kg of DDVP without palm oil daily for 14 days (positive control), Group 6: 10 mg/kg of DDVP and 100 mg/kg of palm oil daily for 14 days (positive control). Phase 3: Sub-Chronic (30 days) Study. Group 7: No DDVP, No palm oil for 30 days (Negative control), Group 8: 10 mg/kg of DDVP without palm oil daily for 30 days (positive control), Group 9: 10 mg/kg of DDVP and 100 mg/kg palm oil daily for 30 days (treatment group). All administration was done orally. After the period of treatments, the rats were sacrificed after 18 hours of fast. Whole blood samples (5 mls) were collected into lithium heparin bottle and spun at 3500 rpm for 5 minutes to obtain plasma samples. Samples obtained were used for the determination of Na+, K+, HCO3, urea, and creatinine while renal tissues obtained were used for histopathological examinations. Results: Significantly higher values were seen in urea in the dichlorvos treated rats over a period of 24 hours, 14 days, and 30 days as compared to rats co-treated with palm oil and the control. Creatinine indicated significantly higher over a period of 24 hours while non-significant increases were observed in the dichlorvos treated rats over a period of 14 days and 30 days. More so, significantly higher values were seen in potassium in the dichlorvos treated rats over a period of 24 hours and 14 days, while significantly higher values in potassium were seen after period of 30 days as compared to rats co-treated with palm oil and the control. Sodium and chloride did not indicate significant difference over the period of 24 hours, 14 days, and 30 days. Histological examination of the renal tissue indicated structural distortions dichlorvos treated rats over a period of 24 hours, 14 days and 30 days while significant improvements in the structural integrity of the kidney were observed in rats co-treated with palm oil. Conclusion: Results obtained indicated that palm oil showed a protective effect in ameliorating the nephrotoxicity induced by dichlorvos as shown by the histological examination and decreased values of creatinine and urea as well as potassium in palm oil treated rats.

UJI IMUNOMODULATOR DARI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN WARU (HIBISCUS TILIACEUS) DENGAN METODE HIPERSENSITIVITAS TIPE LAMBAT

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Yanna Rotua Sihombing ◽  
Debi Dinha Sitepu
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Hypersensitivity Response ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Response

Immunomodulator is a compound that can increaase the imuno system. One of the plants that have immunomodulator’s activity is Waru Leaf (Hibiscus tiliaceus). the purpose of this research was to test the effect of immunomodulator by extract of Waru Leaf ethanol on rat male. The activity of immunomodulator was determined by using digital pletysmometer by measuring the differences between the last leg swelling’s volume and the first leg swelling’s volume. The treatment group were divided into 5 groups. Each group consistof 5 rats CMC-Na 0,5% (negative control), Stimuno®  32,5 mg/kgBW (positive control), dose of EEDW 50, 100 and 200 mg/kgBW, and bacteria E.coli as antigen. The results slowed that distribution of EEDW dose 200 mg/kgBW can give the effect of immunostimulant by swelling enthancement compared by CMC-Na 0,5 %. EEDW 200 mg/kgBW that have activity comparable with Stimuno®  32,5 mg/kgBW. Thus, it is concluded that of Waru Leaf extract has immunomodulator effects on delayed-type hypersensitivity response of rat male.

UJI EFEK ANALGESIK EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KERSEN (Muntingia calabura L.) PADA MENCIT PUTIH JANTAN (Mus musculus) DENGAN INDUKSI NYERI ASAM ASETAT

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Triswanto Sentat ◽  
Susiyanto Pangestu
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Analgesic Dose ◽  
Muntingia Calabura

Kersen leaf (Muntingia calabura L.) contains tannins, flavonoids and polyphenol compounds allegedly have analgesic effect. The objective was to determine the analgesic effect of ethanol extract of kersen leaves and to determine the most effective analgesic dose. This study was an experimental research. Leaves were extracted with ethanol 70% and the analgesic effect test was divided into 5 groups: negative control treatment (distilled water), positive control (mefenamic acid 2.6mg/kg), kersen leaf ethanol extract first dose (100mg/kg), second dose (200mg/kg) and tthird dose (400mg/kg). Giving treatments by oral, after 30 minutes, the mices were given a pain inductor with 0.5% acetic acid by intra peritonial administration. Analgesic power was calculated by counting the number of writhing in mice for 1 hour. The results showed that the ethanol extract of cherry leaf has analgesic effect. From the calculation of the first dose analgesic power (42.9%), second dose (59.4%) and the third dose 69.9%. Statistical test results kruskal wallis value of p=0.011 (p<0.05) showed a significant difference between all analgesic treatment groups. The conclusion of this study is all of the ethanol extract had analgesic effects on male white mice, whereas a dose of 400mg/kg is the most effective analgesic dose.

scholarly journals Efektivitas Ekstrak Artemisia vulgaris L. sebagai Hepatoprotektor pada sel-sel Hati Tikus yang Diinduksi Niasin

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Laily Rahmawati ◽  
Erma Sulistyaningsih ◽  
Rosita Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Positive Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Artemisia Vulgaris ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

  The niacin in energy drinks has metabolic product that cause oxidative stress and liver damage, while the liver damage can be prevented by hepatoprotective agents. Scoparone in Artemisia vulgaris L. can act as a hepatoprotector by its antioxidant effect. This study aimed to investigate the effectivity of Artemisia vulgaris L. extract as a hepatoprotector in wistar hepatocytes induced by niacin. This study used 25 male rats which were divided into 5 groups: normal, the negative control, the positive control, the treatment group I, and II. Treatment was conducted for 28 days. The samples were terminated and the hepatocyte were prepared for histological examination. Histological appearance was catagorized as mild, moderate, and severe damage with or without inflamatory cells activity. The data analysis by Kruskal Wallis showed significant difference (p<0,001). Further analysis by Mann Whitney revealed significantly difference (p<0,05) between normal group and all groups, negative control group and positive control group, and positive control group and treatment group I, but not significantly difference between negative control group and treatment group I, negative control group and treatment group II, positive control group and treatment group II, and between treatment groups. The study concluded that the effectivity of Artemisia vulgaris L. extract has not been proven as a hepatoprotector but further study is needed to draw a definite conclusion.   Keywords: energy drink, niacin, Artemisia vulgaris L., hepatoprotector  

scholarly journals PENGGUNAAN KRIM EKSTRAK BATANG DAN DAUN SURUHAN (Peperomia pellucida L.H.B.K) DALAM PROSES PENYEMBUHAN LUKA BAKAR PADA TIKUS PUTIH (Rattus norvegicus)

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-208
Author(s):  
Nur Fitri
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Positive Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Herbaceous Plant

Background: Peperomia pellucida L'HBK or known as messengers in the Indonesian plant is a herbaceous plant that belongs to the family Piperaceae. This study aimed to determine the effect of the stem and leaf extract cream messengers to the healing process of burns in rats (Rattus norvegicus. Methods: This was an experimental study using a completely randomized design. Test animals were divided into three groups, each - each group consisted of 3 rats. The first group is the negative control group (distilled water), the second group is a positive control group (Bioplacenton®), the third group is the group treated stem and leaf extract cream errand. The diameter of the wound and fibroblasts observed histopathology and is used as an indicator of the healing process of burns. The burns were treated and observed the healing effect for 20 days. Data were analyzed statistically wound diameter using ANOVA followed by LSD test. Results: The results showed the cream extracts of stems and leaves telling effect on the healing process of burns on rats. Conclusion: The results also showed that the treatment group and the leaf stem extract cream messengers and control groups positively influence the healing process of burns significantly when compared to the negative control group. Meanwhile, the treatment group stem and leaf extract cream messengers have no preformance difference influence the healing process of burns a significant positive control group

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff leaf extraction on blood glucose level in alloxan-induced Wistar rat

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (S3) ◽  
pp. 123-126
Author(s):  
A. Leonoreza ◽  
T. Excelinda ◽  
J. Elnitiarta ◽  
H.S. Heri-Nugroho ◽  
M. Hendrianingtyas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that always increasing in prevalence. Excessive glucose intake and oxidative stress that can lead to damage to the pancreatic cell or insulin resistance, are such factors that influence the occurrence of diabetes mellitus. Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff leaf contains active metabolites such as flavonoid which able to decrease free radical levels. This study aimed to prove the effectiveness of Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff leaves extract on blood glucose levels in alloxan-induced Wistar rats. In this study, twenty-five male Wistar rats were divided into five groups. On day 0, the negative control and each treatment group injected with 125 mg/kg dose of alloxan and would be checked on 4th day. On the 4th day after the rats had diabetes, normal group (K-1) was given only standard feed, Negative control (K-2) was given only alloxan intraperitoneally on day 0, first treatment group (K-3) was given 50 mg/kg dose of Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff, second treatment group (K-4) was given 100 mg/kg dose of the leaf extract, and the third treatment group (K-5) was given the leaf 200 mg/kg dose of the leaf extract. On the 10th day, fasting blood glucose was taken from the rats. Post-test only group design was used to be the experimental design. There were significant differences in the treatment groups (K-3, K-4, and K-5) compared to the negative control group (K-2) after treatment. The mean of blood glucose levels decreased with the increased doses of Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff leaf extract treatment. The treatment groups (K-3, K-4, and K-5) were not significant compared to the normal group (K-1).

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