scholarly journals Concept of Kshara Nirmana Out of Kanji with Reference to Rasayansara- A Pharmaceutico-Analytical Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 259-266
Author(s):  
Mahesh S. Pawar ◽  
M. R. Pandya ◽  
A. N. Jayaprakash ◽  
Abhaya Kumar Mishra ◽  
Lopamudra Dash
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Study ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Pharmaceutical Product ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Special Method ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
Unique Method ◽  
Similar Preparation ◽  
Pharmaceutical Processes

Kanji (sour rice gruel) is an acidic fermented preparation mentioned in many of the Ayurveda classics for various purpose like therapeutic use, pharmaceutical processes etc. A special method of kanji preparation is mentioned in Rasaratnasamuchchaya commentary by Acharya Dattatreya Anant Kulkarni and similar preparation is also mentioned in Rasayansara book recommended for the Parada samskara (mercurial processes) with some difference in ingredients. Kshara (alkaline preparation/ alkali) is an important preparation mentioned in classics. In Rasayansara text, Acharya Shyamsundar Vaishyaji has described a unique method of Kshara nirmana out of the leftover material of the Kanji. This kind of innovative methods should be adopted to recycle the leftover waste matters. It will help in regenerate the new pharmaceutical product. Here an attempt has been done by preparing the kanji and the kshara out of its residue material as mentioned in Rasayansara. First Kanji was prepared as per the reference of Rasayansara book and the leftover after filtration was dried. The kshara was prepared out of this dried leftover. Organoleptic and physicochemical analysis of the prepared kshara was done. The average yield of obtained kshara was 4.88%. The moisture content of the final product found very less while total ash value found on higher side. The pH value suggests its alkaline nature. It shows good solubility in various solvents and good water-soluble extractive value. Exploration of such innovative procedures where waste stuff is been recycled should be increased in present time.

scholarly journals PHARMACEUTICAL & ANALYTICAL STUDY OF SAMAGUNA BALIJARITA RASA SINDURA

2020 ◽  
pp. 108-116
Author(s):  
Sorab Gaind ◽  
Pradeep Agnihotri
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Total Mercury ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Total Sulfur ◽  
Hexagonal Crystal Structure ◽  
Hexagonal Crystal ◽  
Unique Method ◽  
Free Sulfur

Rasasindura is a one of Kuppipakva Rasayana a unique method of preparation and is one such imperative Kupipakwa Rasayana, referred to be Elixir of life. It is formulated by two fundamental substances of Rasashastra i.e., Shudha Parada and Shudha Gandhaka. It is said to be prepared by same process but with different proportion of Gandhaka, and accordingly various forms of Rasasindura are named as Ardhaguna, Samaguna, Dviguna, Triguna, Chaturguna, Panchaguna, Shadguna balijarita Rasasindura, where in, the therapeutic merits of Rasasindura and pharmaceutics of Rasasindura changes according to quantum of Gandhaka. Rasasindura is a Sagandha, Sagni and Bahirdhooma Kupipakwa Rasayana. Samaguna balijarita Rasasindur was prepared with equal quantities of Parada and Gandhaka by Kupipaka method in 20 hours and physicochemical analysis was carried out. Ash values in Samagunabalijarita Rasasindur were found to be 0.02%. Free mercury was nil in Samagunabalijarita Rasasindur where as its traces were present in the Kajjali. Free sulfur traces were present in Samagunabalijarita Rasasindur. Total mercury percentage in Samaguna Kajjali was 36.02%. Total mercury percentage in Samagunabalijarita Rasasindoor was 83.15%. Total sulfur percentage in Samagunabalijarita Rasasindoor was 13.06%. By XRD analysis Samagunabalijarita rasasindur was identified as Cinnabar having Hexagonal crystal structure with primitive lattice.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE PHYSICOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF WET AND DRY GUDUCHI (TINOSPORA CORDIFOLIA WILLD.) MIERS.

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
Sushma Dongre ◽  
Shishir Pande
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparation ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Foreign Matter ◽  
Characteristics Analysis

Bhaishajya Kalpana is a branch of Ayurveda which deals with pharmaceutics. It is based on certain scientific principles which need to be followed for quality pharmaceutical preparations. Use of dry form drugs over fresh form in pharmaceutical preparation is one of the principles. It excludes some drugs such as Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia) As Guduchi is being widely used in Ayurveda for preventive as well as curative purpose; it has been selected for the study. In order to find difference between morphological and physicochemical characteristics analysis of wet and dry Guduchi, was carried as per standards of Ayurved Pharmacopeia of India (API). It was noticed that almost all the Macroscopic and Microscopic profile matches with standard parameters of Guduchi in API. It is observed that pH Value of fresh Guduchi was more than its dry form which is directed to its alkaline nature. Foreign matter content was found to be negligible in Fresh form. Fresh Guduchi also showed more water soluble extractive than dry, however alcohol soluble extractive was higher in dry form. This study has added new analytical parameters for wet Guduchi i.e. pH. Value, Total ash, water soluble and alcohol soluble extractive other than foreign matter and moisture content. So, it could be considered as a standard for future study. This study evidenced classical principle of using Fresh Guduchi over dry. Further qualitative analysis needs to be done by using qualitative parameters.

Amorphous and Crystalline Particulates: Challenges and Perspectives in Drug Delivery

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisham Al-Obaidi ◽  
Mridul Majumder ◽  
Fiza Bari
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Engineering ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Solid Dispersions ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Pharmaceutical Product ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Amorphous Form ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Water Soluble Drugs ◽  
Amorphous Drug

Crystalline and amorphous dispersions have been the focus of academic and industrial research due to their potential role in formulating poorly water-soluble drugs. This review looks at the progress made starting with crystalline carriers in the form of eutectics moving towards more complex crystalline mixtures. It also covers using glassy polymers to maintain the drug as amorphous exhibiting higher energy and entropy. However, the amorphous form tends to recrystallize on storage, which limits the benefits of this approach. Specific interactions between the drug and the polymer may retard this spontaneous conversion of the amorphous drug. Some studies have shown that it is possible to maintain the drug in the amorphous form for extended periods of time. For the drug and the polymer to form a stable mixture they have to be miscible on a molecular basis. Another form of solid dispersions is pharmaceutical co-crystals, for which research has focused on understanding the chemistry, crystal engineering and physico-chemical properties. USFDA has issued a guidance in April 2013 suggesting that the co-crystals as a pharmaceutical product may be a reality; but just not yet! While some of the research is still oriented towards application of these carriers, understanding the mechanism by which drug-carrier miscibility occurs is also covered. Within this context is the use of thermodynamic models such as Flory-Huggins model with some examples of studies used to predict miscibility.

Molecularly Imprinted Sensor for Ascorbic Acid Based on Gold Nanoparticles and Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 905-913
Author(s):  
Youyuan Peng ◽  
Qingshan Miao
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted

Background: L-Ascorbic acid (AA) is a kind of water soluble vitamin, which is mainly present in fruits, vegetables and biological fluids. As a low cost antioxidant and effective scavenger of free radicals, AA may help to prevent diseases such as cancer and Parkinson’s disease. Owing to its role in the biological metabolism, AA has also been utilized for the therapy of mental illness, common cold and for improving the immunity. Therefore, it is very necessary and urgent to develop a simple, rapid and selective strategy for the detection of AA in various samples. Methods: The molecularly imprinted poly(o-phenylenediamine) (PoPD) film was prepared for the analysis of L-ascorbic acid (AA) on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) - multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) modified glass carbon electrode (GCE) by electropolymerization of o-phenylenediamine (oPD) and AA. Experimental parameters including pH value of running buffer and scan rates were optimized. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were utilized for the characterization of the imprinted polymer film. Results: Under the selected experimental conditions, the DPV peak currents of AA exhibit two distinct linear responses ranging from 0.01 to 2 μmol L-1 and 2 to 100 μmol L-1 towards the concentrations of AA, and the detection limit was 2 nmol L-1 (S/N=3). Conclusion: The proposed electrochemical sensor possesses excellent selectivity for AA, along with good reproducibility and stability. The results obtained from the analysis of AA in real samples demonstrated the applicability of the proposed sensor to practical analysis.

scholarly journals Effects of Sugar Cane Molasses Addition on the Fermentation Quality, Microbial Community, and Tastes of Alfalfa Silage

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 355
Author(s):  
Runbo Luo ◽  
Yangdong Zhang ◽  
Fengen Wang ◽  
Kaizhen Liu ◽  
Guoxin Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Electronic Tongue ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Cane Molasses ◽  
Fermentation Quality ◽  
Alfalfa Silage ◽  
Additive Control

The objective was to study the effects of sugar cane molasses addition on the fermentation quality and tastes of alfalfa silage. Fresh alfalfa was ensiled with no additive (Control), 1% molasses (M1), 2% molasses (M2), and 3% molasses (M3) for 206 days. The chemical composition and fermentation characteristics of the alfalfa silages were determined, the microbial communities were described by 16S rRNA sequencing, and the tastes were evaluated using an electronic tongue sensing system. With the amount of added molasses (M), most nutrition (dry matter and crude protein) was preserved and water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) were sufficiently used to promote the fermentation, resulting in a pH reduction from 5.16 to 4.48. The lactic acid (LA) content and LA/acetic acid (AA) significantly increased, indicating that the fermentation had turned to homofermentation. After ensiling, Enterococcus and Lactobacillus were the dominant genus in all treatments and the undesirable microbes were inhibited, resulting in lower propionic acid (PA), butyric acid (BA), and NH3-N production. In addition, bitterness, astringency, and sourness reflected tastes of alfalfa silage, while umami and sourness changed with the amount of added molasses. Therefore, molasses additive had improved the fermentation quality and tastes of alfalfa silage, and the M3 group obtained the ideal pH value (below 4.5) and the best condition for long-term preservation.

Microscopic and Phytochemical analysis of Desmodium velutinum (Willd) DC and Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC. Panchanga powder

2021 ◽  
pp. 2950-2956
Author(s):  
Jigyasa Pathak ◽  
Aswathi M. P. ◽  
B. R. Patel ◽  
Harisha C. R. ◽  
Shukla Vinay J.
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Wild Edible Plants ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Edible Plants ◽  
Therapeutic Purpose ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Collection Practices

Background: Desmodium velutinum (Fabaceae) is one of the wild edible plants used traditionally to treat diarrhoea, haematuria, infertility and also externally used to treat scorpion bites. Though various parts of the plant have been used for therapeutic purpose, panchanga of the plant has not been studied for its Pharmacognostical and phytochemical characteristics in detail, following scientific parameters. Hence in the present study Desmodium velutinum whole plant has been studied for its pharmacognostical and phytochemical characters and compared with commonly used species Desmodium gangeticum. Methods: Whole plant of Desmodim velutinum was collected from Paikmal, Odisha and Desmodium gangeticum was collected from Junagarh, Gujarat in the month of November 2019 following good collection practices and shade dried. Pharmacognostical study and analytical study were performed following standard pharmacopoeial procedures. Results: Whole plant (Panchanga) of former is sweetish and latter is bitter. Powder microscopy of Desmodium gangeticum showed presence of rhomboidal crystals and lignified annular and spiral vessels. Desmodium velutinum showed presence of prismatic crystals and lignified pitted vessels. Physico-chemical analysis showed higher loss on drying in Desmodium gangeticum, and higher water soluble extractive values of Desmodium velutinum. Phytochemical estimation showed the presence of Proteins, tannins, and carbohydrates in both samples. HPTLC study showed similar Rf value 0.82 and 0.94 at 254 and 0.03 and 0.41 at 366nm. Conclusion: Basing upon the analytical and microscopic similarities Desmodium velutinum may be considered as substitute of Desmodium gangeticum

scholarly journals Solid-state studies and antioxidant properties of the γ-cyclodextrin·fisetin inclusion compound

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 2138-2145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana M Pais ◽  
Maria João Barroca ◽  
Maria Paula M Marques ◽  
Filipe A Almeida Paz ◽  
Susana S Braga
Keyword(s):  
Inclusion Compound ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Solid Inclusion ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Soluble Solid ◽  
Cp Mas Nmr

Fisetin is a natural antioxidant with a wide range of nutraceutical properties, including antidiabetic, neuroprotecting, and suppression or prevention of tumors. The present work describes the preparation of a water-soluble, solid inclusion compound of fisetin with gamma-cyclodextrin (γ-CD), a cyclic oligosaccharide approved for human consumption. A detailed physicochemical analysis of the product is carried out using elemental analysis, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Raman, infrared and 13C{1H} CP-MAS NMR spectroscopies, and thermal analysis (TGA) to verify fisetin inclusion and to present a hypothetical structural arrangement for the host–guest units. The antioxidant activity of the γ-CD·fisetin inclusion compound is evaluated by the DPPH assay.

scholarly journals The effect of bacterial inoculant supplementation on the fermentation process of crushed maize ears in laboratory silos

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
Petr Doležal ◽  
Dušan Kořínek ◽  
Jan Doležal ◽  
Václav Pyrochta
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Lactobacillus Brevis ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Ethanol Content ◽  
Fermentation Quality ◽  
Biological Additive

In the experiment was the effect of biological additive on the fermentation quality of crushed maize ears of two hybrids by comparing with the untreated control. The bacterial inoculant „A“ contained selected bacterial strains of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (NCIMB 30121) and Enterococcus faecium (NCIMB 30122). As effective substances of bacterial water–soluble inoculant „B“ were selected bacterial strains of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (NCIMB 30121), Lactobacillus plantarum (DSM 12836), Lactobacillus brevis (DSM 12835), Lactobacillus buchneri (DSM 12856), Pediococcus acidialactici (P. pentosaceus) (DSM 12834). The addition of inoculant „A“ in our experiment conditions increased statistically significantly (P<0.01) the pH value (4.09±0.01), resp. 4.02±0.02 in second trial with Pedro hybrid. The bacterial inoculant „B“ increased significantly (P<0.01) the contents of lactic acid (50.95±0.1.87 g/kg DM), acetic acid (18.61±0.34 g/kg DM), sum of acids (69.55±1.62 g/kg DM) and decreased (P<0.01) in the first trial the ethanol content (5.41±0.45 g/kg DM). The highest DM content (P<0.01) was in all experimental inoculated silages with additive „A“ (54.26±0.86%, and 53.56±0.54%, resp.). The bacterial inoculant „A“ increased significantly (P<0.01) in comparison with control silage in the second trial the content of lactic acid (34.66Ī2.81 g/kg DM), sum of acids (44.68±3.54 g/kg DM), the total acids content (32.87±2.88 g/kg DM), and ethanol content (17.33±0.79 g/kg DM). The inoculation positive effect was demonstrated in reduction of ethanol amount and of total acid production. The pH value of inoculated silages was not significantly lower than that in the control silage.

scholarly journals Phyto Pharmacognostic Study of Lagerstroemia speciosa - An Analytical Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (05) ◽  
pp. 206-213
Author(s):  
Jyothi S. Murthy ◽  
B. R. Lalitha ◽  
Aahalya Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Study ◽  
Microscopical Study ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Lower Epidermis ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Lagerstroemia Speciosa ◽  
Anomocytic Stomata ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Sugar Levels

Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers (Hindi - Jarul, Taglog - Banaba) a member of Lythraceae family is found all over India, specially in Bengal, Assam and Deccan Peninsula. The leaves of L. speciosa is widely used for lowering blood sugar levels in Philippines, Japan and Taiwan. Pharmacognostical investigation of leaves of L. speciosa was done by evaluating its morphological, microscopical studies, Physicochemical and phytochemical parameters. Rasa Nirdharana was done. Microscopical study revealed presence of epidermal cells contained clusters of rosette aggregate calcium oxalate crystals and few cells were mucilaginous. Lower epidermis showed the presence of anomocytic stomata. Physical constants of leaf powder showed, loss on drying - 3.8%, total ash - 6.7%, acid insoluble ash - 1.039%, water soluble extractive value - 8.88%, alcohol soluble extractive value - 4.49% and pH - 5.75. Preliminary phytochemical study revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, triterpenes, tannins, proteins and iron. Rasa Nirdharana confirmed the leaves are Kashaya in Rasa. The Pharmacognostical study was useful for authentication of leaves of Lagerstoemia speciosa.

scholarly journals A Seer Evaluation on Pravala Garbha Pottali with its Characterization

2021 ◽  
Vol 01 (08) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roopini T. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Special Method ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Unique Method ◽  
Mode Of Transport

Pottali kalpanas are the distinctive preparations among Rasayogas, used to treat various disease conditions. It stands in the highest place among the Murchita Parada yogas because of its bonding nature as well as its efficacy. These preparations are famous for its unique method of preparation, quick administration and easy mode of transport. Usage of Pottali kalpas dates back 12th century A.D and about 87 different Pottali preparations are available in Rasagranthas. Putapaka, Gandhaka dravapaka, Kaparda/Shankha purana and Bhavana are the different methods of Pottali kalpana preparations. Gandhakadrava paka is the special method came into existence in 13th century for Soushthava sampadna (to allure patients by its colour). Garbha Pottalis come under Gandhaka Drava paka method where dhatu paka is done in garbha (midst) of Gandhaka Drava. Pravala garbha Pottali is one such rare formulation from Pottali rahasya of Rasayogasagara, which contains Sudhavarga dravyas along with Parada. Here, this study was taken to know the importance of Gandhakadrava paka and Paka parinama with respect to Pravalagarbha Pottali and studied pharmaceutically and analytically (XRD).

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