La COVID-19 evidencia la necesidad de incrementar las competencias en economía de los estudiantes de veterinaria

La pandemia Covid-19 ha motivado la adopción de medidas excepcionales en todo el mundo, a efectos de limitar los contagios y el colapso de los sistemas sanitarios. El cierre de comercios y otras actividades consideradas no esenciales, o las limitaciones al movimiento, ha generado un impacto económico en el sector de los pequeños rumiantes, poniendo de manifiesto la necesidad del profesional veterinario de disponer de las competencias necesarias para valorar económicamente el impacto de las enfermedades en los colectivos. Este trabajo analiza, en primer lugar, la formación en economía que reciben los estudiantes del Grado de Veterinaria en las diferentes facultades españolas, comparándola con la que reciben los estudiantes en el Grado de Ingeniería Agrícola. En segundo lugar, se ha diseñado una encuesta para egresados y estudiantes de último curso de veterinaria, en referencia a este tipo de competencias, su aplicación en la sanidad animal y su repercusión en el desempeño profesional. Los datos evidencian que el tiempo empleado para adquirir las competencias en economía de los veterinarios es menor (3-6 créditos en 5 años) que el que disponen los ingenieros agrícolas (12 créditos en 4 años). Los resultados de la encuesta revelan que, si bien se registran diferencias significativas cuantitativamente entre egresados y estudiantes, ambos grupos coinciden en la escasa formación recibida para valorar el impacto de las enfermedades en los colectivos, así como en la necesidad de formarse en aspectos de gestión económica una vez finalizados sus estudios de grado para el desempeño de su labor profesional, competencias que deberían ser reforzadas en el grado. Entre los egresados, la opinión es similar, independientemente de los años de desempeño profesional. The Covid-19 pandemic led to extreme control measures around the world aiming to halting the number of new infections. Non-essential activities closures and population confinement had an economic impact on the small ruminant sector, highlighting the need for veterinarians to have some skills to assess the economic impact of diseases on flocks. Firstly, this study analyzed the economic training received by the veterinary students at the Spanish faculties, also comparing it with the ones received by students of the agricultural engineering degree. Secondly, a survey in reference to the acquisition of this type of competences and its application for animal health was designed and applied for graduates and final-year veterinary students. The data showed that the ECTS taken to acquire the economic skills of veterinarians is less (3-6 ECTS in 5 years) than that of agricultural engineers (12 ECTS in 4 years). The results of the survey also showed that, although there are significant differences between graduates and students, both them are largely in agreement on the little training received to assess the impact of diseases, and on the need for an additional training after completing their studies. Therefore, these skills should be reinforced in the degree. Among the graduates, the opinion is similar, regardless of the years of professional experience.

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Bovine Babesiosis in Turkey: Impact, Current Gaps, and Opportunities for Intervention

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens9121041 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 1041

Author(s):

Sezayi Ozubek ◽

Reginaldo G. Bastos ◽

Heba F. Alzan ◽

Abdullah Inci ◽

Munir Aktas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vaccine Development ◽

Point Of Care ◽

Animal Health ◽

Current Control ◽

Diagnostic Methods ◽

Control Measures ◽

Bovine Babesiosis ◽

Research Programs ◽

The Impact

Bovine babesiosis is a global tick-borne disease that causes important cattle losses and has potential zoonotic implications. The impact of bovine babesiosis in Turkey remains poorly characterized, but several Babesia spp., including B. bovis, B. bigemina, and B. divergens, among others and competent tick vectors, except Rhipicephalus microplus, have been recently identified in the country. Bovine babesiosis has been reported in all provinces but is more prevalent in central and highly humid areas in low and medium altitude regions of the country housing approximately 70% of the cattle population. Current control measures include acaricides and babesicidal drugs, but not live vaccines. Despite the perceived relevant impact of bovine babesiosis in Turkey, basic research programs focused on developing in vitro cultures of parasites, point-of-care diagnostic methods, vaccine development, “omics” analysis, and gene manipulation techniques of local Babesia strains are scarce. Additionally, no effective and coordinated control efforts managed by a central animal health authority have been established to date. Development of state-of-the-art research programs in bovine babesiosis to address current gaps in knowledge and implementation of long-term plans to control the disease will surely result in important economic, nutritional, and public health benefits for the country and the region.

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Survey of protozoan vector-borne diseases in dogs from Atlantic Rainforest fragment around Billings Dam, São Paulo, Brazil

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20200262 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 50 (9) ◽

Author(s):

Roberta Carvalho de Freitas e Azevedo ◽

Giovanna Stefani Nosberto Castelli ◽

Ryan Emiliano da Silva ◽

Jaciara de Oliveira Jorge Costa ◽

Renata Tonhosolo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Animal Health ◽

Companion Animals ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Control Measures ◽

Molecular Diagnostic ◽

São Paulo ◽

Vector Borne Diseases ◽

Babesia Vogeli ◽

Vector Borne ◽

The Impact

ABSTRACT: Vector-borne diseases are currently one of the biggest public health concerns worldwide. Dogs, being the closest companion animals to humans, are considered the main reservoir of some of these diseases in the urban environment. Therefore, the study of the disease behavior in dogs can help to understand the disease affecting human health. Serological and molecular diagnoses of Babesia vogeli, Rangelia vitalli, Leishmania infantum, and other trypanosomatids, were performed by immunochromatographic and PCR assays, respectively, on dogs in a dog shelter located in an Atlantic Forest fragment near the Billings Dam, São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo-Brazil. Our molecular diagnostic results showed a high prevalence of Babesia vogeli, at 20.9% (17/81). No other protozoan was detected in any of the tests. Determining the prevalence of major vector-borne diseases is essential to establish preventive and control measures for zoonotic diseases in animals kept in shelters, in order to minimize the impact of vector-borne diseases on animal health.

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A study on Economic Impact in the Context of American Election Based On AHP

Journal of Economic Science Research ◽

10.30564/jesr.v4i2.2775 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Yang Yue ◽

Haomiao Niu ◽

Zhaoyun Gu

Keyword(s):

Environmental Protection ◽

Economic Impact ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Chinese Economy ◽

Control Measures ◽

Oil Consumption ◽

Analytic Hierarchy ◽

The Impact ◽

The U.S ◽

China’S Economy

In order to assess the economic impact of the different policies of the Trump and Biden candidates, we formulate metrics on five aspects: Covid-19 prevention and control measures, environmental protection policies, taxation, health care reform, foreign trade. Moreover, each metric is subdivided into several secondary metrics, making for a three-tier hierarchical structure. Take environmental protection policy as an example: Without direct data under Biden's policies, we collected data on U.S. CO2 emissions and U.S. oil consumption during Obama's presidency as Biden's legacy.First, use the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to select indicators that can reflect the U.S. economy and determine the weight of each indicator. For the U.S. economy, Biden scored 2.6498, Trump 2.3502, suggesting that the election of Biden might make things better for the economy. For China's economy, Biden scored 0.6810 and Trump 0.3245, meaning Biden could give the Chinese economy more room to grow.To reduce the influence of AHP subjectivity on the results, Pearson correlation coefficient is introduced to establish P-AHP model. Take the impact on China's economy. Biden scored 0.5846 and Trump 0.4154.

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Animal and Human Health Implications of Avian Influenza Infections

Bioscience Reports ◽

10.1007/s10540-007-9057-9 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 359-372 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Ilaria Capua ◽

Dennis J. Alexander

Keyword(s):

Avian Influenza ◽

Human Health ◽

H5n1 Virus ◽

Animal Health ◽

Control Measures ◽

Health Issues ◽

Human Beings ◽

Highly Pathogenic ◽

Hpai H5n1 ◽

The Impact

Avian influenza (AI) is a listed disease of the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) that has become a disease of great importance both for animal and human health. Until recent times, AI was considered a disease of birds with zoonotic implications of limited significance. The emergence and spread of the Asian lineage highly pathogenic AI (HPAI) H5N1 virus has dramatically changed this perspective; not only has it been responsible of the death or culling of millions of birds, but this virus has also been able to infect a variety of non-avian hosts including human beings. The implications of such a panzootic reflect themselves in animal health issues, notably in the reduction of a protein source for developing countries and in the management of the pandemic potential. Retrospective studies have shown that avian progenitors play an important role in the generation of pandemic viruses for humans, and therefore these infections in the avian reservoir should be subjected to control measures aiming at eradication of the Asian H5N1 virus from all sectors rather than just eliminating or reducing the impact of the disease in poultry.

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Estimation of Rift Valley fever virus spillover to humans during the Mayotte 2018–2019 epidemic

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.2004468117 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 117 (39) ◽

pp. 24567-24574 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Raphaëlle Métras ◽

W. John Edmunds ◽

Chouanibou Youssouffi ◽

Laure Dommergues ◽

Guillaume Fournié ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rift Valley ◽

Direct Contact ◽

Rift Valley Fever ◽

Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽

Animal Health ◽

Hemorrhagic Fever ◽

Control Measures ◽

Similar Reduction ◽

Valley Fever ◽

The Impact

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an emerging, zoonotic, arboviral hemorrhagic fever threatening livestock and humans mainly in Africa. RVF is of global concern, having expanded its geographical range over the last decades. The impact of control measures on epidemic dynamics using empirical data has not been assessed. Here, we fitted a mathematical model to seroprevalence livestock and human RVF case data from the 2018–2019 epidemic in Mayotte to estimate viral transmission among livestock, and spillover from livestock to humans through both direct contact and vector-mediated routes. Model simulations were used to assess the impact of vaccination on reducing the epidemic size. The rate of spillover by direct contact was about twice as high as vector transmission. Assuming 30% of the population were farmers, each transmission route contributed to 45% and 55% of the number of human infections, respectively. Reactive vaccination immunizing 20% of the livestock population reduced the number of human cases by 30%. Vaccinating 1 mo later required using 50% more vaccine doses for a similar reduction. Vaccinating only farmers required 10 times as more vaccine doses for a similar reduction in human cases. Finally, with 52.0% (95% credible interval [CrI] [42.9–59.4]) of livestock immune at the end of the epidemic wave, viral reemergence in the next rainy season (2019–2020) is unlikely. Coordinated human and animal health surveillance, and timely livestock vaccination appear to be key to controlling RVF in this setting. We furthermore demonstrate the value of a One Health quantitative approach to surveillance and control of zoonotic infectious diseases.

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Estimation of Rift Valley fever virus spillover to humans during the Mayotte 2018-2019 epidemic

10.1101/2020.02.14.20022996 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Raphaëlle Métras ◽

W John Edmunds ◽

Chouanibou Youssouffi ◽

Laure Dommergues ◽

Guillaume Fournié ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Model ◽

Rift Valley ◽

Rift Valley Fever ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽

Animal Health ◽

Control Measures ◽

Real World Data ◽

Valley Fever ◽

The Impact

AbstractRift Valley fever (RVF) is an emerging, zoonotic, arboviral haemorrhagic fever threatening livestock and humans mainly in Africa. RVF is of global concern, having expanded its geographical range over the last decades. The impact of control measures on epidemic dynamics using empirical data has not been assessed. Here, we combined seroprevalence livestock and human RVF case data from the 2018-2019 epidemic in Mayotte, with a dynamic mathematical model. Using a Bayesian inference framework, we estimated viral transmission potential amongst livestock, and spillover from livestock to humans, through both direct contact and vector-mediated routes. Model simulations were used to assess the impact of vaccination on reducing the human epidemic size. Reactive vaccination immunising 20% of the livestock population reduced the number of human cases by 30%. To achieve a similar impact, delaying the vaccination by one month required using 50% more vaccine doses, and vaccinating only humans required 20 times as more as the number of doses for livestock. Finally, with 53.92% (95%CrI [44.76-61.29]) of livestock estimated to be immune at the end of the epidemic wave, viral re-emergence in the next rainy season (2019-2020) was unlikely. We present the first mathematical model for RVF fitted to real-world data to estimate virus transmission parameters, and able to inform potential control programmes. Human and animal health surveillance, and timely livestock vaccination appear to be key in reducing disease risk in humans. We furthermore demonstrate the value of a One Health quantitative approach to surveillance and control of zoonotic infectious diseases.

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Análisis del impacto económico de la aplicación del Decreto Nº 1391 en la regularización de la Industria Acuícola Camaronera del Ecuador / Analysis of the economic impact of the application of Decree No. 1391 on the regularization of Ecuador Shrimp Aquaculture Industry

Ciencia Unemi ◽

10.29076/issn.2528-7737vol8iss16.2015pp11-20p ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (16) ◽

pp. 11

Author(s):

Mario Armijos Suárez ◽

Jose Macuy Calle ◽

Elsa Mayorga Quinteros ◽

Leslie Rodriguez Valencia ◽

Monica Clavijo Basantes

Keyword(s):

Economic Impact ◽

Shrimp Aquaculture ◽

Significant Source ◽

Economic Aspects ◽

Executive Order ◽

Fish Farms ◽

Economic Stability ◽

Aquaculture Industry ◽

The Impact ◽

Impacto Económico

La acuicultura en Ecuador es una gran fuente de empleo y estabilidad económica, por lo tanto es importante realizar un estudio que mida el impacto de la aplicación del Decreto N°1391 divulgado en el Registro oficial N°454 del 15 de Octubre de 2008, el mismo que trata de la regularización a la industria acuícola del camarón y el sector acuícola en general, tomando en consideración aspectos ambientales y económicos. Se ha considerado el caso de las granjas acuícolas más afectadas por la regularización, ubicadas en la provincia de El Oro, Ecuador. En esta investigación descriptiva se aplicó encuestas que luego del análisis evidenciaron cómo se manifiesta la aplicación del Decreto N°1391 en la realidad de las camaroneras de la provincia del Oro y cómo se presenta en su entorno. Se evidenció que el 76% de los productores de camarón tuvieron que asumir, con su propio capital, los rubros adicionales que conllevó los diferentes procesos para el cumplimiento del mencionado decreto ejecutivo. AbstractAquaculture in Ecuador is a significant source of employment and economic stability. Therefore, it is relevant to conduct a study to measure the impact of the application of Decree No. 1391 reported in the Official Register No. 454 of October 15, 2008. It is the same adjustment to the shrimp aquaculture industry and the aquaculture sector, in general, considering environmental and economic aspects. We have reviewed the case of fish farms most affected by the regulation, located in the province of El Oro, Ecuador. In this detailed research surveys, they showed that after analyzing how the application of Decree No. 1391 in the reality of shrimp El Oro Province manifested and how it has applied in their environment. It showed that 76% of shrimp farmers had to assume, with their capital, additional items that led to the different processes for the fulfillment of that executive order.

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Whole Genome Sequencing of the First H3N8 Equine Influenza Virus Identified in Malaysia

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens8020062 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 62 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jacinta Gahan ◽

Marie Garvey ◽

Rozanah Asmah Abd Samad ◽

Ann Cullinane

Keyword(s):

Whole Genome Sequencing ◽

Genome Sequencing ◽

Genetic Characterization ◽

Animal Health ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Control Measures ◽

Whole Genome ◽

Equine Influenza Virus ◽

Equine Influenza ◽

The Impact

In August 2015, Malaysia experienced an outbreak of acute respiratory disease in racehorses. Clinical signs observed were consistent with equine influenza (EI) infection. The index cases were horses recently imported from New Zealand. Rapid control measures, including temporary cancellation of racing, were implemented to minimize the impact of the outbreak. By November, the disease outbreak was resolved, and movement restrictions were lifted. The aim of this study was to confirm the clinical diagnosis and characterize the causal virus. A pan-reactive influenza type A real-time RT-PCR was used for confirmatory diagnosis. Antigenic characterization by haemagglutinin inhibition using a panel of specific ferret antisera indicated that the causal virus belonged to clade 1 of the H3N8 Florida sub-lineage. The genetic characterization was achieved by the whole genome sequencing of positive nasal swabs from clinically affected animals. Pylogenetic analysis of the haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes demonstrated ≥99% homology with several EI strains that had recently circulated in the USA and Japan. The antigenic and genetic characterization did not indicate that the current World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) recommendations for EI vaccine composition required modification.

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The smash of Parthenium hysterophorus L. in the grasslands of Oman

Plant Science Today ◽

10.14719/pst.2021.8.2.1103 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Mahaad Issa Shammas

Keyword(s):

Economic Status ◽

Animal Health ◽

Economic Effects ◽

Control Measures ◽

Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽

Group Discussions ◽

Invasive Weed ◽

Rapid Spread ◽

The Subject ◽

The Impact

This study examines the invasiveness of Parthenium hysterophorus L. considered as harmful, unpleasant noxious invasive weed in Sultanate of Oman. Since the subject of investigation has allelopathic effects, the author’s objective is to identify its abundance, its impact to environment, human and animal health. Allelopathy of this invasive weed has started to be known and considered by the farmers and harvesters. The harmful and socio-economic effects of the weed to humans, animals and to landscape are not fully known nor understood by the local farmers and pastoralists in the southern part of Oman where this weed is most invasive. Data were collected through field observation, informal interviews, focus group discussions and survey questionnaire. They were treated and analysed using descriptive statistics. Findings prompted the participants to propose possible and practical control solutions for the spread of P. hysterophorus if not totally eradicated, considering the availability of resources, level of awareness and the socio-economic status of the affected regions. The results of the investigation are hoped to improve the over-all management that are being conducted by the concerned agencies and volunteers towards the rapid spread of the weed. The findings revealed that P. hysterophorus has serious impacts on vegetation, pastures and agriculture, as it was observed in reduced level growth of both plants and trees. The possible control measures gathered from the participants indicate that they are willing to cooperate and learn more about the impact of the weed.

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Electricity-consumption data reveals the economic impact and industry recovery during the pandemic

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-98259-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xinlei Wang ◽

Caomingzhe Si ◽

Jinjin Gu ◽

Guolong Liu ◽

Wenxuan Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Economic Impact ◽

Emergency Response ◽

Eastern China ◽

Electricity Consumption ◽

Mobility Control ◽

Control Measures ◽

Health Measures ◽

Consumption Data ◽

The Impact

AbstractCoping with the outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), many countries have implemented public-health measures and movement restrictions to prevent the spread of the virus. However, the strict mobility control also brought about production stagnation and market disruption, resulting in a severe worldwide economic crisis. Quantifying the economic stagnation and predicting post-pandemic recovery are imperative issues. Besides, it is significant to examine how the impact of COVID-19 on economic activities varied with industries. As a reflection of enterprises’ production output, high-frequency electricity-consumption data is an intuitive and effective tool for evaluating the economic impact of COVID-19 on different industries. In this paper, we quantify and compare economic impacts on the electricity consumption of different industries in eastern China. In order to address this problem, we conduct causal analysis using a difference-in-difference (DID) estimation model to analyze the effects of multi-phase public-health measures. Our model employs the electricity-consumption data ranging from 2019 to 2020 of 96 counties in the Eastern China region, which covers three main economic sectors and their 53 sub-sectors. The results indicate that electricity demand of all industries (other than information transfer industry) rebounded after the initial shock, and is back to pre-pandemic trends after easing the control measures at the end of May 2020. Emergency response, the combination of all countermeasures to COVID-19 in a certain period, affected all industries, and the higher level of emergency response with stricter movement control resulted in a greater decrease in electricity consumption and production. The pandemic outbreak has a negative-lag effect on industries, and there is greater resilience in industries that are less dependent on human mobility for economic production and activities.

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