Strategies to achieve high productivity, high conversion, and high yield in yeast fermentation of algal biomass hydrolysate

Rapid and high yield conversion of xylose to ethanol remains a signi cant bottleneck in the cost-effective production of ethanol using mixed sugars derived from lignocellulosic biomass (LBM). The present study attempts to circumvent this by separate continuous fermentation of glucose and xylose using high cell densities of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant (ICT-1) and a Scheffersomyces stipitis mutant (M1CD), respectively with the help of external micro ltration membrane assisted cell recycle. Different cell densities and aeration rates for xylose fermentation were studied for optimizing continuous fermentation. Consistent high ethanol yields and productivities of 0.46 g/g and 5.19 g/L/h with glucose; and 0.38 g/g and 1.62 g/L/h with xylose; were achieved in simple media. This provided an average ethanol yield of 0.44 g/g on combined sugars, and average productivity of 3.4 g/L/h which is higher than typical molasses-based batch ethanol fermentation. The study thus highlights the potential of high cell density recycle strategy as an effective approach for separate ethanol fermentation of LBM derived sugars.

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Kinetic Study of Glucosamine Production Using Aspergillus sydowii BCRC 31742 under Solid-State Fermentation

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25204832 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (20) ◽

pp. 4832

Author(s):

Jia Wei Peng ◽

Ho Shing Wu

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Solid State Fermentation ◽

Low Cost ◽

High Yield ◽

Aspergillus Sydowii ◽

Fermentation Conditions ◽

High Productivity ◽

State Culture ◽

Solid State Culture

In the present study, we aimed to obtain a high yield and productivity for glucosamine using a low-cost solid-state culture with Aspergillus sydowii BCRC 31742. The fermentation conditions, such as inoculum biomass, moisture content, and supplemental volume and mineral salt, were chosen to achieve high productivity of glucosamine (GlcN). When the initial supplemental volume used was 3 mL/g substrate, the yield and productivity of GlcN were 48.7 mg/gds and 0.69 mg/gds·h, respectively. This result will be helpful for the industrialization of the process.

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Bakterielle Mechanismen der marinen Polysaccharidverwertung

BIOspektrum ◽

10.1007/s12268-020-1489-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (7) ◽

pp. 800-802

Author(s):

Thomas Schweder ◽

Uwe Bornscheuer ◽

Jan-Hendrik Hehemann ◽

Rudolf Amann

Keyword(s):

Algal Biomass ◽

Major Part ◽

Gene Clusters ◽

Carbohydrate Active Enzymes ◽

High Productivity ◽

Rapid Turnover ◽

Conserved Gene ◽

Complex Polymer

AbstractThe oceans have been compared to a “global heterotrophic digester”. This is due to the high productivity of microalgae and the rapid turnover of the produced biomass by microbes. A major part of the algal biomass consists of diverse polysaccharides which belong to the most complex polymer structures in nature. These marine sugars are decomposed by specialized bacteria, mainly of the phyla Bacteroidetes and Gammaproteobacteria, which possess dedicated conserved gene clusters encoding a remarkable diversity of carbohydrate-active enzymes.

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High Efficiency Fabrication of Chitosan Composite Nanofibers with Uniform Morphology via Centrifugal Spinning

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym11101550 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 1550 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Zhen Li ◽

Shunqi Mei ◽

Yajie Dong ◽

Fenghua She ◽

Lingxue Kong

Keyword(s):

Empirical Model ◽

Composite Nanofibers ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

High Yield ◽

High Productivity ◽

Chemical Structures ◽

Centrifugal Spinning ◽

Spinning Process ◽

Chitosan Composite

While electrospinning has been widely employed to spin nanofibers, its low production rate has limited its potential for industrial applications. Comparing with electrospinning, centrifugal spinning technology is a prospective method to fabricate nanofibers with high productivity. In the current study, key parameters of the centrifugal spinning system, including concentration, rotational speed, nozzle diameter and nozzle length, were studied to control fiber diameter. An empirical model was established to determine the final diameters of nanofibers via controlling various parameters of the centrifugal spinning process. The empirical model was validated via fabrication of carboxylated chitosan (CCS) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) composite nanofibers. DSC and TGA illustrated that the thermal properties of CCS/PEO nanofibers were stable, while FTIR-ATR indicated that the chemical structures of CCS and PEO were unchanged during composite fabrication. The empirical model could provide an insight into the fabrication of nanofibers with desired uniform diameters as potential biomedical materials. This study demonstrated that centrifugal spinning could be an alternative method for the fabrication of uniform nanofibers with high yield.

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NEW SOURCES OF SEEDLESS GRAPES OF ANAPA EXPERIMENTAL STATION SELECTION

Vestnik of Ulyanovsk state agricultural academy ◽

10.18286/1816-4501-2021-2-95-102 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 250 ◽

pp. 95-102

Author(s):

I.V. Gorbunov ◽

Keyword(s):

Weather Conditions ◽

High Yield ◽

Total Production ◽

Mass Ratio ◽

High Productivity ◽

Experimental Station ◽

Seedless Grape ◽

Economically Valuable Traits ◽

Grape Varieties

It is commonly known that the share of seedless grape varieties in the total production in the country is very small. Of 106 table varieties included in the register, only 4 varieties are of kishmish direction (Kishmish radiant, Korinka Russian, Yuzhnoberezhny, Yalta seedless). These varieties are in great demand, since their berries are used both fresh and dried. This article presents results of long-term research on isolation of genetic seedlessness donors among grape varieties of Anapa zonal experimental station of viticulture and winemaking, such as Lotos, Zhemchug of Anapa and Kishmish pink AZOS. These studies were carried out with a simultaneous complex study of economically valuable traits and annually changing weather conditions. In addition, the assessment of these varieties was carried out according to seedlessness sign intensity in the conditions of the Anapo-Taman viticulture zone. The greatest mass of rudiments of all analyzed samples was found in Kishmish pink AZOS variety, therefore, it was assigned to the third category of seedlessness, although the mass ratio of rudiments to the mass of the berry is negligible. The rest of the studied seedless grape varieties in comparison with the control variety (Radiant Kishmish) have a higher seedless class. It particularly concerns varieties such varieties as Zhemchug of Anapa and Lotus, belonging to the first and second classes of seedlessness, respectively. Along with this, a long-term work was carried out to study the yield of these varieties and their productivity (coefficients of fruiting and fertility), the phenology of plant development depending on weather conditions. In particular, it was found that high productivity parameters are observed in all the studied varieties every year; Lotus and Zhemchug of Anapa have also high yield every year. The conducted work has shown prospects for using grape varieties of Anapa Experimental Station as future seedlessness donors.

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Genetic diversity and biochemical value of Brassica L. cabbage plants

Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University) ◽

10.31677/2072-6724-2018-49-4-50-61 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 50-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

A. M. Аrtemieva ◽

A. Е. Solovieva

Keyword(s):

Biochemical Composition ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Abiotic Factors ◽

Biologically Active ◽

High Yield ◽

High Productivity ◽

State Register ◽

Abiotic Stressors ◽

New Varieties ◽

Ornamental Crops

Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) is one of the most important metasperms. Kale Brassica includes economically important vegetable, forage, oil-bearing, ornamental crops and it is widespread in the world. This is explained by variety of food organs, high yield, environmental plasticity, different ways of food use and valuable biochemical composition. One of the most important ways to improve the efficiency of vegetables is seen as increasing the number of cultivated vegetables and their varietal diversity. The authors speak about necessity to breed new varieties and hybrids of cabbage crops, not represented in the state register, as well as missing types of varieties in order to expand the range of vegetables. The paper points out that cultivation in the Asian part of Russia requires the varieties and hybrids of all cabbage crops that combine high productivity and complex resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors, eco-friendly, high-quality, with a different period of vegetation, including for horticultural use. The authors focus on increasing the nutritional value of vegetables and higher number of biologically active matters for making functional products. It is important and necessary to search within each cabbage for forms that combine productivity, resistance to biotic and abiotic factors when being grown in different environmental and geographical areas with a valuable biochemical composition. This allows to use efficiently cultivated and recommended for cultivation in the Asian part of Russia types and forms of Brassica L. vegetables. It is necessary for dietetic nutrition and raw materials in medical industry. All varieties of cabbage plants are supposed to be significant and reliable basis for improving population health and life expectancy taking into account existing environmental problems in the regions of Asian Russia.

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HIGH-PRODUCTIVE FODDER VARIETY “ENDAN”

Vestnik of Kazan state agrarin university ◽

10.12737/article_5db84f60cb5627.05239263 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 19-24

Author(s):

Василий Блохин ◽

Vasiliy Blokhin ◽

Ирина Ганиева ◽

Irina Ganieva ◽

Игорь Сержанов ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spring Barley ◽

Environmental Stability ◽

High Yield ◽

Production Test ◽

New Variety ◽

Forage Crop ◽

High Productivity ◽

Feed Direction ◽

Adaptive Ability ◽

High Yields

Generating a variety of spring barley for feed use, which is the main forage crop in our region, and contributing to the main forage crop in our region, helps to increase the efficiency of livestock production. According to the results of scientific research, conducted in 2015-2018, a comparative assessment submitted for state variety testing in 2017 in 2 regions of the Russian Federation: Volga-Vyatskiy (4) and Srednevolzhskiy (7) the spring barley variety “Endan” showed, that it corresponds to the feed direction, characterized by high yield, environmental stability with increased feed grain quality. The new variety of spring barley “Endan” fully meets the basic requirements of agricultural production in many respects. In all the years of research, the “Endan” variety surpasses the standard “Raushan” variety in grain productivity. The feed direction value of this variety is that it has a high yield of crude protein per unit of sown area at high yields. The “Endan” variety combines high productivity with environmental stability and adaptive ability to external conditions. A production test proves the ability of this variety to produce high yields compared to the standard and the new Kamashevsky variety.

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Photosynthetic activity of parsnip varieties in the conditions of the Right-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine

PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE ◽

10.31548/agr2020.04.087 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 87-93

Author(s):

O. O. Komar ◽

◽

O. V. Shemetun ◽

V. O. Komar ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cost Effective ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

High Yield ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Plant Resources ◽

High Productivity ◽

Net Productivity ◽

Photosynthetic Productivity ◽

High Area ◽

The Right

Due to the intensification of production of parsnip, the question arises to clarify the elements of cultivation technology that should ensure its high productivity. The use of varietal plant resources is one of the most important parts of agriculture - the basis of economic and social development of the state. The most efficient and cost-effective is the widespread introduction of new varieties and hybrids with a genetically determined level of adaptation to the conditions of soil and climatic zones of their cultivation. The indicator of the dynamics of the formation of photosynthetic productivity is the basis of the yield of each crop. The purpose of the research was to study the dynamics of leaf surface formation in varieties of parsnip in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The studied cultivars of parsnip sowing formed a high area of active assimilation surface, the dynamics of which depends on the stage of organogenesis, soil and climatic conditions of the year and varietal characteristics. With the highest average for the growing season leaf area (49.0-49.6 thousand m2 on ha), photosynthetic potential (1.79-1.83 million m2 per day on ha) and net productivity of photosynthesis - 5.56 g on m2 per day) were characterized by varieties Stymul and Pulse in terms of other varieties. It is established that in order to obtain stably high yield (44.4-45.4 t on ha) and marketability of root crops (85-93%) in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine it is necessary to sow highly productive varieties of parsnip sowing Stymul and Pulse.

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Physical and Milling Quality of Milled Rice in Indonesia

Kaunia: Integration and Interconnection Islam and Science ◽

10.14421/kaunia.3046 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 33-40

Author(s):

Mahargono Kobarsih ◽

Siti Dewi Indrasari

Keyword(s):

High Yield ◽

Eating Quality ◽

Milled Rice ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Rice Quality ◽

Milling Quality ◽

High Productivity ◽

Pigmented Rice ◽

Local Cultivar

More than 250 rice varieties are grown in Indonesia from new superior varieties and local varieties with aromatic, non-aromatic aromas and pigmented rice. Rice quality is one factor that must be considered in addition to high productivity. Generally, the quality of grain and rice quality in Indonesia have met the quality standards set based on SNI 0224-1987/SPI-TAN/01/01/1993 and SNI 6128:2020. Ricequality is determined by several factors such as grain appearance, nutritional value, cooking and eating quality and become one of the foremost considerations for rice buyers. Such information can be utilized as basic data of character of genetic resources on assembling of new superior varieties by rice breeders. Those information can be used as a descriptive information for farmers and rice productivity, high yield, and better rice quality. Good quality local cultivar can be used as parents for the formation of new superior varieties.

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SOURCES OF BARLEY RESISTANCE TO HELMINTHOSPORIOTIC DISEASES AND THEIR USE IN THE NORTH-EAST FARC

Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University) ◽

10.31677/2072-6724-2020-55-2-76-83 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 76-83

Author(s):

Т. К. Sheshegova ◽

I. N. Shchennikova

Keyword(s):

Spring Barley ◽

Stability Index ◽

Microbial Interactions ◽

High Yield ◽

Regression Equations ◽

High Productivity ◽

North East ◽

Slow Rusting ◽

The North ◽

Period 2

The paper explores 70 samples of spring barley from the collection of WIR under conditions of rather rigid natural infectious helminthosporioses (striped, reticulated and dark brown spotting) in FARC of the North-East in 2018-2019. The spotting was investigated 4-5 times during plants ontogenesis every 10-12 days since the phase 29 on the Cadox scale. The methodology suggested by O.S. Afanasenko (2005) was used to assess the diseases. The nature of vegetative-microbial interactions was evaluated by SCDP (square under the curve of disease progress) and IS (stability index) indicators. During immunological experiment, the authors observed 11 samples resistant to dark brown spotting with lesion rate 10.0-13.0%, SCDP parameters equal 167-223, DUT was 0.18-0.25; 18 samples resistant to reticular spotting (6.0-10.0%, PCRB - 53-103, DUT - 0.18-0.35), and 29 samples characterized by immunity and high resistance to stripe spotting (0-5.0%, SCDP - 10-75). IS - 0.01-0.09). Only 4 samples (Makbo, Kalkul, Buyan and Forward) are characterized by group non-specific resistance to reticulate and dark brown spotting and striate immunity. The longest occurrence period (2-7 days) of dark brown spotting was observed in 8 samples, and reticulum spotting (2-13 days) - in 16 samples. The paper finds out that NCL 95098 (Argentina) had the relatively long occurrence period in terms of dark brown spotting, and varieties from Afghanistan (k-5983) and China (k-2929) to reticulate spotting. Badiory, Makbo, Rodos, and Buyan varieties have equal dynamics of both spotting and slow rusting of diseases in ontogenesis. There is a weak (r = -0.33 - reticulate) and medium (r = -0.58 - dark brown) negative correlation between the latent period and the defeat. The regression equations (y = -0,6071x+6,8571; R2 = 0,917 - dark brown; y = -0,3941x+11,35; R2 = 0,733 - reticulated) show that from infection to the first disease symptoms, their daily increase in trend is 0,61 and 0,39%. Kalkul, NCL 95098, Badioryi and Buyan varieties are seen as effective promising for selection programs to produce high yield adaptive varieties under the conditions of the region. Apart from stability, they are distinguished by the number of productive stems, long, well-grained ears and high productivity.

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