scholarly journals Cardiovascular Diseases and Rheumatology

2021 ◽  
pp. 353-381
Author(s):  
Rania Alhaj Ali ◽  
Hussein Halabi ◽  
Hani Almoallim
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Diagnostic Technology ◽  
Common Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiac Manifestation ◽  
Progression Of Atherosclerosis ◽  
Short Life Expectancy

AbstractThe prevalence of various cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in the different rheumatologic disorders is a very important topic. Each disease has a number of unique manifestations despite the fact that an overlap is present due to shared common risk factors, which may be related to the longer life expectancy of the recent therapeutic advances. A growing understanding of the role of inflammation and immune system in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis as well as the early detection of cardiovascular manifestations is due to the availability and use of sophisticated noninvasive cardiac and vascular diagnostic technology. Such discipline results in the detection of cardiac manifestation unique to each rheumatologic disorder. This was not possible previously due to short life expectancy, limited therapeutic interventions, vague understanding of pathological process for each disease, and the limited diagnostic resources.

scholarly journals Role of the Cysteinyl Leukotrienes in the Pathogenesis and Progression of Cardiovascular Diseases

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Colazzo ◽  
Paolo Gelosa ◽  
Elena Tremoli ◽  
Luigi Sironi ◽  
Laura Castiglioni
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Asthma Management ◽  
Cardiovascular Disorders ◽  
Cysteinyl Leukotrienes ◽  
Pathway Activation ◽  
Cardioprotective Effects ◽  
Progression Of Atherosclerosis

Cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) are potent lipid inflammatory mediators synthesized from arachidonic acid, through the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathway. Owing to their properties, CysLTs play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of inflammation; therefore, CysLT modifiers as synthesis inhibitors or receptor antagonists, central in asthma management, may become a potential target for the treatment of other inflammatory diseases such as the cardiovascular disorders. 5-LO pathway activation and increased expression of its mediators and receptors are found in cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, the cardioprotective effects observed by using CysLT modifiers are promising and contribute to elucidate the link between CysLTs and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this review is to summarize the state of present research about the role of the CysLTs in the pathogenesis and progression of atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction.

scholarly journals Circulating Leukocytes and Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular Diseases: A State of the Art

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Speranza Rubattu ◽  
Maurizio Forte ◽  
Salvatore Raffa
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Stress Level ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Oxidative Stress Level ◽  
The Impact

Increased oxidative stress from both mitochondrial and cytosolic sources contributes to the development and the progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and it is a target of therapeutic interventions. The numerous efforts made over the last decades in order to develop tools able to monitor the oxidative stress level in patients affected by CVDs rely on the need to gain information on the disease state. However, this goal has not been satisfactorily accomplished until now. Among others, the isolation of circulating leukocytes to measure their oxidant level offers a valid, noninvasive challenge that has been tested in few pathological contexts, including hypertension, atherosclerosis and its clinical manifestations, and heart failure. Since leukocytes circulate in the blood stream, it is expected that they might reflect quite closely both systemic and cardiovascular oxidative stress and provide useful information on the pathological condition. The results of the studies discussed in the present review article are promising. They highlight the importance of measuring oxidative stress level in circulating mononuclear cells in different CVDs with a consistent correlation between degree of oxidative stress and severity of CVD and of its complications. Importantly, they also point to a double role of leukocytes, both as a marker of disease condition and as a direct contributor to disease progression. Finally, they show that the oxidative stress level of leukocytes reflects the impact of therapeutic interventions. It is likely that the isolation of leukocytes and the measurement of oxidative stress, once adequately developed, may represent an eligible tool for both research and clinical purposes to monitor the role of oxidative stress on the promotion and progression of CVDs, as well as the impact of therapies.

scholarly journals Osteoprotegerin is a new marker of cardiovascular diseases

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 91-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
A F Verbovoy ◽  
I A Tsanava ◽  
E V Mitroshina ◽  
L A Sharonova
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Tumor Necrosis Factor Α ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Progression Of Atherosclerosis ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a glycoprotein that is a representative of the tumor necrosis factor-α receptor superfamily. Information about the possible role of OPG in the development of cardiovascular diseases has begun to appear in the literature in recent years. This review discusses the role of increasing the level of OPG in the development and progression of atherosclerosis and as a consequence of coronary heart disease and chronic heart failure.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF RISK FACTORS OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES AMONG THE POPULATION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
Daniil Vladimirovich Surinov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Young People ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Older People ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Common Risk Factors ◽  
The Russian Federation

Today, cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in the world’s population. It is generally known that disease prevention is the best method for maintaining human health. This article discusses the most common risk factors for CVD among young people, older people, as well as men and women, the prevention of which helps to increase the life expectancy of the population

scholarly journals Effects of (Pro)renin Receptor on Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Pathological Processes in Rats via the PRR-AMPK-YAP Pathway

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Xiong ◽  
Xuefei Dong ◽  
Shengnan Li ◽  
Fan Jiang ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Diabetic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Recombinant Adenovirus ◽  
Cardiac Fibroblasts ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Myocardial Inflammation

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a common complication associated with diabetes. The (pro)renin receptor (PRR) is an important member of the local tissue renin-angiotensin system and plays a vital role in many cardiovascular diseases. Yes-associated protein (YAP) also plays a crucial role in many cardiovascular diseases. However, the mechanism responsible for the effects of PRR and YAP on DCM remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of PRR in the pathological progression of DCM and whether PRR influences the pathological processes of diabetic cardiomyopathy through YAP. We first established diabetic cardiomyopathy rats model, downregulated the expression of PRR, and upregulated and downregulated the expression of YAP. The levels of myocardial inflammation and fibrosis were then measured and cardiac function was evaluated. In vitro, primary rat cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) were cultured with high glucose, with or without transfection with recombinant adenovirus expressing PRR, and GSK621 was used to observe the effect of AMPK. The levels of inflammation and fibrosis were measured in vitro. The results showed that PRR and YAP silencing alleviated myocardial inflammation and fibrosis. GSK621 blocked the effect of PRR on AMPK and YAP and improved CF inflammation and fibrosis. The inhibition of PRR expression offers a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of DCM. The effects of PRR on the pathological process of DCM in rats may be mediated via the PRR-AMPK-YAP pathway.

scholarly journals MicroRNA-30a-5p-Mediated Autophagy Regulates Formation of Foam Cells from THP-1-derived Macrophages

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunhui Geng ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
Guangming Su ◽  
Shengjiao Wang ◽  
Jiashan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Foam Cells ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Accumulation Of Lipids ◽  
Progression Of Atherosclerosis

Abstract MicroRNAs are widely considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Whereas the importance of miR-30a-5p as a tumor growth-promoting factor has been extensively studied, the relationship between this particular microRNA and atherosclerosis remains to be clarified. In this study, the role of miR-30a-5p in the formation of foam cells from THP-1-derived macrophages was investigated. It was found that miR-30a-5p could robustly regulate the pathological process of atherosclerosis by inhibiting autophagy and increasing the accumulation of lipids, the expression of inflammatory factors, and the apoptosis of macrophages. These results provide guidance for future assessments of the progression of atherosclerosis and for the development of intervention targets for the treatment of this disease.

scholarly journals The Effect of Vitamin Supplementation on Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Patients without Manifest Cardiovascular Diseases: Never-ending Hope or Underestimated Effect?

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1717
Author(s):  
Ovidiu Mitu ◽  
Ioana Alexandra Cirneala ◽  
Andrada Ioana Lupsan ◽  
Mircea Iurciuc ◽  
Ivona Mitu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Vitamin Supplementation ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Conclusive Data ◽  
Progression Of Atherosclerosis

Micronutrients, especially vitamins, play an important role in the evolution of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). It has been speculated that additional intake of vitamins may reduce the CVD burden by acting on the inflammatory and oxidative response starting from early stages of atherosclerosis, when the vascular impairment might still be reversible or, at least, slowed down. The current review assesses the role of major vitamins on subclinical atherosclerosis process and the potential clinical implications in patients without CVD. We have comprehensively examined the literature data for the major vitamins: A, B group, C, D, and E, respectively. Most data are based on vitamin E, D and C supplementation, while vitamins A and B have been scarcely examined for the subclinical atherosclerosis action. Though the fundamental premise was optimistic, the up-to-date trials with vitamin supplementation revealed divergent results on subclinical atherosclerosis improvement, both in healthy subjects and patients with CVD, while the long-term effect seems minimal. Thus, there are no conclusive data on the prevention and progression of atherosclerosis based on vitamin supplementation. However, given their enormous potential, future trials are certainly needed for a more tailored CVD prevention focusing on early stages as subclinical atherosclerosis.

Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition: Role in Cardiac Fibrosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
Weijia Cheng ◽  
Xiao Li ◽  
Dongling Liu ◽  
Chaochu Cui ◽  
Xianwei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiac Fibrosis ◽  
Mesenchymal Cell ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Potential Implication ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Complex Biological Process ◽  
Endothelial To Mesenchymal Transition

Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is a complex biological process by which endothelial cells lose their endothelial cell characteristics and acquire mesenchymal cell properties under certain physiological or pathological conditions. Recently, it has been found that EndMT plays an important role in the occurrence and development of fibrotic cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we first summarize the main induction pathways involved in EndMT process. In addition, we discuss the role of EndMT in fibrotic cardiovascular diseases and its potential implication in new therapeutic interventions.

scholarly journals Functioning of Long Noncoding RNAs Expressed in Macrophage in the Development of Atherosclerosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xirui Ma ◽  
Huifang Liu ◽  
Fengling Chen
Keyword(s):  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Long Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Disease Biomarkers ◽  
Arterial Plaque ◽  
Cellular Target ◽  
Macrophage Plasticity

Chronic inflammation is part of the pathological process during atherosclerosis (AS). Due to the abundance of monocytes/macrophages within the arterial plaque, monocytes/macrophages have become a critical cellular target in AS studies. In recent decades, a number of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been found to exert regulatory roles on the macrophage metabolism and macrophage plasticity, consequently promoting or suppressing atherosclerotic inflammation. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of lncRNAs in macrophage biology, highlighting the potential role of lncRNAs in AS based on recent findings, with the aim to identify disease biomarkers and future therapeutic interventions for AS.

scholarly journals Exosomes in Cardiovascular Diseases: Pathological Potential of Nano-Messenger

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anshul S. Jadli ◽  
Ananya Parasor ◽  
Karina P. Gomes ◽  
Ruchita Shandilya ◽  
Vaibhav B. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiac Fibroblasts ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Intercellular Signaling ◽  
Paracrine Signaling ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Intercellular Communications

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent a major global health problem, due to their continued high incidences and mortality. The last few decades have witnessed new advances in clinical research which led to increased survival and recovery in CVD patients. Nevertheless, elusive and multifactorial pathophysiological mechanisms of CVD development perplexed researchers in identifying efficacious therapeutic interventions. Search for novel and effective strategies for diagnosis, prevention, and intervention for CVD has shifted research focus on extracellular vesicles (EVs) in recent years. By transporting molecular cargo from donor to recipient cells, EVs modulate gene expression and influence the phenotype of recipient cells, thus EVs prove to be an imperative component of intercellular signaling. Elucidation of the role of EVs in intercellular communications under physiological conditions implied the enormous potential of EVs in monitoring and treatment of CVD. The EVs secreted from the myriad of cells in the cardiovascular system such as cardiomyocytes, cardiac fibroblasts, cardiac progenitor cells, endothelial cells, inflammatory cells may facilitate the communication in physiological and pathological conditions. Understanding EVs-mediated cellular communication may delineate the mechanism of origin and progression of cardiovascular diseases. The current review summarizes exosome-mediated paracrine signaling leading to cardiovascular disease. The mechanistic role of exosomes in cardiovascular disease will provide novel avenues in designing diagnosis and therapeutic interventions.

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