scholarly journals Immunotherapy and vaccination against infectious diseases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meinolf Ebbers ◽  
Christoph J. Hemmer ◽  
Brigitte Müller-Hilke ◽  
Emil C. Reisinger
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Therapeutic Antibodies ◽  
Immunomodulatory Drugs ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
New Treatment

SummaryDue to the overuse of antibiotics, infections, in particular those caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria, are becoming more and more frequent. Despite the worldwide introduction of antibiotic therapy, vaccines and constant improvements in hygiene, the burden of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections is increasing and is expected to rise in the future. The development of monoclonal therapeutic antibodies and specific immunomodulatory drugs represent new treatment options in the fight against infectious diseases. This article provides a brief overview of recent advances in immunomodulatory therapy and other strategies in the treatment of infectious disease.

Global priority pathogens: virulence, antimicrobial resistance and prospective treatment options

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 649-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana C de M Campos ◽  
Luis CM Antunes ◽  
Rosana BR Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Global Priority ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Therapeutic Alternatives ◽  
New Strategies

Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp. and Salmonella spp. are part of a group of pathogens that pose a major threat to human health due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains. Moreover, these bacteria have several virulence factors that allow them to successfully colonize their hosts, such as toxins and the ability to produce biofilms, resulting in an urgent need to develop new strategies to fight these pathogens. In this review, we compile the most up-to-date information on the epidemiology, virulence and resistance of these clinically important microorganisms. Additionally, we address new therapeutic alternatives, with a focus on molecules with antivirulence activity, which are considered promising to combat multidrug-resistant bacteria.

scholarly journals Post-antibiotic era in hemodialysis? Two case reports of simultaneous colonization and bacteremia by multidrug-resistant bacteria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna M. Vanegas ◽  
Lorena Salazar-Ospina ◽  
Gustavo A. Roncancio ◽  
Julián Builes ◽  
Judy Natalia Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant

ABSTRACT The emergence of resistance mechanisms not only limits the therapeutic options for common bacterial infections but also worsens the prognosis in patients who have conditions that increase the risk of bacterial infections. Thus, the effectiveness of important medical advances that seek to improve the quality of life of patients with chronic diseases is threatened. We report the simultaneous colonization and bacteremia by multidrug-resistant bacteria in two hemodialysis patients. The first patient was colonized by carbapenem- and colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The patient had a bacteremia by MRSA, and molecular typing methods confirmed the colonizing isolate was the same strain that caused infection. The second case is of a patient colonized by extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. During the follow-up period, the patient presented three episodes of bacteremia, one of these caused by ESBL-producing E. coli. Molecular methods confirmed colonization by the same clone of ESBL-producing E. coli at two time points, but with a different genetic pattern to the strain isolated from the blood culture. Colonization by multidrug-resistant bacteria allows not only the spread of these microorganisms, but also increases the subsequent risk of infections with limited treatments options. In addition to infection control measures, it is important to establish policies for the prudent use of antibiotics in dialysis units.

scholarly journals Bacteriophages as an Alternative Method for Control of Zoonotic and Foodborne Pathogens

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2348
Author(s):  
Mohammed Mijbas Mohammed Alomari ◽  
Marta Dec ◽  
Renata Urban-Chmiel
Keyword(s):  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Suppression Effect ◽  
Global Increase ◽  
Cellular Immune

The global increase in multidrug-resistant infections caused by various pathogens has raised concerns in human and veterinary medicine. This has renewed interest in the development of alternative methods to antibiotics, including the use of bacteriophages for controlling bacterial infections. The aim of this review is to present potential uses of bacteriophages as an alternative to antibiotics in the control of bacterial infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria posing a risk to humans, with particular emphasis on foodborne and zoonotic pathogens. A varied therapeutic and immunomodulatory (activation or suppression) effect of bacteriophages on humoral and cellular immune response mechanisms has been demonstrated. The antibiotic resistance crisis caused by global antimicrobial resistance among bacteria creates a compelling need for alternative safe and selectively effective antibacterial agents. Bacteriophages have many properties indicating their potential suitability as therapeutic and/or prophylactic agents. In many cases, bacteriophages can also be used in food quality control against microorganisms such as Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Listeria, Campylobacter and others. Future research will provide potential alternative solutions using bacteriophages to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria.

scholarly journals Bacteriocins, Antimicrobial Peptides from Bacterial Origin: Overview of Their Biology and Their Impact against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Simons ◽  
Kamel Alhanout ◽  
Raphaël E. Duval
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Further Development

Currently, the emergence and ongoing dissemination of antimicrobial resistance among bacteria are critical health and economic issue, leading to increased rates of morbidity and mortality related to bacterial infections. Research and development for new antimicrobial agents is currently needed to overcome this problem. Among the different approaches studied, bacteriocins seem to be a promising possibility. These molecules are peptides naturally synthesized by ribosomes, produced by both Gram-positive bacteria (GPB) and Gram-negative bacteria (GNB), which will allow these bacteriocin producers to survive in highly competitive polymicrobial environment. Bacteriocins exhibit antimicrobial activity with variable spectrum depending on the peptide, which may target several bacteria. Already used in some areas such as agro-food, bacteriocins may be considered as interesting candidates for further development as antimicrobial agents used in health contexts, particularly considering the issue of antimicrobial resistance. The aim of this review is to present an updated global report on the biology of bacteriocins produced by GPB and GNB, as well as their antibacterial activity against relevant bacterial pathogens, and especially against multidrug-resistant bacteria.

Hepatoprotective Angelica sinensis silver nanoformulation against multidrug resistant bacteria and the integration of a multicomponent logic gate system

Nanoscale ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (37) ◽  
pp. 19149-19158
Author(s):  
Jouharsha Afthab ◽  
Nafeesa Khatoon ◽  
Lulu Zhou ◽  
Tianming Yao ◽  
Shuo Shi
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Logic Gate ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Angelica Sinensis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
System P ◽  
Gate System

A silver nanoformulation for combating bacterial infections and its integration in Boolean analysis for the detection of multiple bacteria has been developed.

Targetable nano-delivery vehicles to deliver anti-bacterial small acid-soluble spore protein (SASP) genes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne M. L. Barnard ◽  
James A. Cass
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Specific Target ◽  
Delivery Vehicles ◽  
New Treatment

Interest in phage-based therapeutics is increasing, at least in part due to the need for new treatment options for infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. It is possible to use wild-type (WT) phages to treat bacterial infections, but it is also possible to modify WT phages to generate therapeutics with improved features. Here, we will discuss features of Phico Therapeutics’ SASPject technology, which modifies phages for use as targetable nano-delivery vehicles (NDV), to introduce antibacterial Small Acid Soluble Spore Protein (SASP) genes into specific target bacteria.

scholarly journals Biogenic Nanosilver against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria (MDRB)

Antibiotics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caio Barros ◽  
Stephanie Fulaz ◽  
Danijela Stanisic ◽  
Ljubica Tasic
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Care Systems

Multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDRB) are extremely dangerous and bring a serious threat to health care systems as they can survive an attack from almost any drug. The bacteria’s adaptive way of living with the use of antimicrobials and antibiotics caused them to modify and prevail in hostile conditions by creating resistance to known antibiotics or their combinations. The emergence of nanomaterials as new antimicrobials introduces a new paradigm for antibiotic use in various fields. For example, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are the oldest nanomaterial used for bactericide and bacteriostatic purposes. However, for just a few decades these have been produced in a biogenic or bio-based fashion. This review brings the latest reports on biogenic AgNPs in the combat against MDRB. Some antimicrobial mechanisms and possible silver resistance traits acquired by bacteria are also presented. Hopefully, novel AgNPs-containing products might be designed against MDR bacterial infections.

scholarly journals Harnessing the Intriguing Properties of Magnetic Nanoparticles to Detect and Treat Bacterial Infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Lingchao Xiang ◽  
Ozioma Udochukwu Akakuru ◽  
Chen Xu ◽  
Aiguo Wu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Detection ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Further Development

Infections caused by pathogenic bacteria, especially multidrug-resistant bacteria, have become a serious worldwide public health problem. Early diagnosis and treatment can effectively prevent the adverse effects of such infections. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop effective methods for the early detection, prevention, and treatment of diseases that are caused by bacterial infections. So far, magnetic material nanoparticles (MNPs) have been widely used in the detection and treatment of bacterial infections as detection agents and therapeutics. Therefore, this review describes the recent research on MNPs in bacterial detection and treatment. Finally, a brief discussion of challenges and perspectives in this field is provided, which is expected to guide the further development of MNPs for bacterial detection and treatment.

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