How the effects of aging and stresses of life are integrated in mortality rates: insights for genetic studies of human health and longevity

The ArgumentEugenics, in whatever form it may be articulated, is based on the idea that phenotypic characteristics of particular individuals can be predicted in advance. This paper argues that biology's capacity to predict many of the characteristics exhibited by an individual, especially behavioral or cognitive attributes, will always be very limited. This stems from intrinsic limitations to the methodology for relating genotypes to phenotypes, and from the nature of developmental processes which intervene between genotypes and phenotypes. While genetic studies may generate valid population predictions for conditions which impact human health, neither genetics nor developmental biology are likely to generate useful individual predictions about variation in non-disease-related human behavioral and cognitive phenotypes in the foreseeable future.

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Selectivity of Insecticides Against Telenomus podisi Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) on Corn

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v10n12p185 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 185 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Elidiane Feltrin-Campos ◽

Marcos Gino Fernandes ◽

Gabrielle de Lima Masson ◽

Thaís Araujo Corrêa ◽

José Fernando Jurca Grigolli

Keyword(s):

Adverse Effects ◽

Pest Management ◽

Human Health ◽

Control Strategy ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Biological Trait ◽

Parasitism Rates ◽

Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽

Euschistus Heros ◽

Telenomus Podisi

Use of synthetic insecticides remains main control strategy for percevejo-marrom (Euschistus heros) in corn. However, indiscriminate use of these products can have adverse effects on the environment and human health. Thus, incorporation of bio-agents like Telenomus podisi a preferred option in corn pest management. Study was conductedto evaluate the effects of insecticides application on T. podisi mortality rates, the number of eggs parasitized by the F0 generation, and number of emergent F1 parasitoids. The insecticides tested were: imidacloprid+bifenthrin, bifenthrin+carbosulfan, thiametoxam+lambda-cyhalothrin, acephate, bifenthrin, and imidacloprid at the highest concentrations indicated for corn. Each insecticide was classified according to its selectivity, based on the methodology proposed by IOBC/WPRS. Only imidacloprid did not affect parasitoid survival however the parasitism rates of F0 females, were affected, classifying this product as slightly harmful for this biological trait. Regarding parasitoid emergence (F1), thiametoxam+lambda-cyhalothrin was classified as moderately harmful, while bifenthrin+carbosulfan and bifenthrin were considered harmful, no parasitism occurred. Thus the evaluated insecticides were classified as slightly harmful to the parasitoid T. podisi under laboratory conditions for the biological characteristics evaluated. Further studies under semi-field and field conditions are needed in order to confirm these toxicity levels on T. podisi.

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Miticidal Evaluation of Different Non-Volatile Bioactive Compounds Extracted from Ferula Oopoda Against Apple Mites

Al-Nahrain Journal of Science ◽

10.22401/anjs.24.1.03 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 16-19

Author(s):

Ahmed Saeed ◽

◽

Nizam Baloch ◽

Taimur Qambrani ◽

Sheraz Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sodium Hydroxide ◽

Human Health ◽

Filter Paper ◽

Leaf Tissue ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Bunsen Burner ◽

Environment Friendly ◽

Yellow Colour ◽

Aerial Stem ◽

Grown Plant

The research was administered in order to spot the miticidal effect of wild grown plant namely Ferula oopoda against the mites that destroy the leaf tissue and also the colour of the fruit in trees. The theme was to get the herb’s (1) aerial, stem and root part about 1 kg and was soaked for about 7 days and then extract the oil by the help of vaccum rotary evaporator, the extracted oil is then allowed to stay for a day in HCl (0.2M), then the solution is filtered and then some charcoal is added to the filtrate and now, it is put on the Bunsen burner for a while, now the HCl extract is again filtered and basified by the addition of Sodium hydroxide (5M), the yellow colour is the indication of basification and now the ppts are collected that are formed over the filter paper, the ppts are dried and later on sprayed on the apple mites and their mortality rates are noted at exposure time of 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48h. It may be a new revolutionary technique that can be economical as well as environment friendly as the oil is only lethal for the target apple mites and doesn’t not harm human health.

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Digitalizing the Microbiome for Human Health

mSystems ◽

10.1128/msystems.00129-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kirti Nath ◽

Christoph A. Thaiss

Keyword(s):

Human Health ◽

Human Body ◽

Human Disease ◽

Population Studies ◽

Health Assessment ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Genetic Studies ◽

Host Physiology ◽

Host Metabolism

ABSTRACT The microbiome has recently joined the club of endocrine entities of the human body that are involved in homeostasis and disease. Microbiome characterizations are now typically included in longitudinal and cross-sectional population studies, associations with microbiome features have been made for almost any human disease, and the molecules by which the microbiome functionally contributes to host physiology are being elucidated. The leverage of these efforts for human health, however, is still rather modest. In this Perspective, we summarize some of the challenges that need to be overcome in order to make microbiome studies as informative for human health as genetic studies. Focusing on the role of the microbiome in host metabolism and inflammation, we also outline potential strategies that can be employed to achieve the next milestones in the journey toward microbiome-informed human health assessment and action.

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Analysing the Impact of Carbon Emissions and Non-renewable Energy Use on Infant and Under-5 Mortality Rates in Europe: New Evidence Using Panel Quantile Regression

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1034508/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Bosede Ngozi ADELEYE ◽

Aviral Kumar Tiwari ◽

Muhammed Ibrahim SHAH ◽

Saif Ullah

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Human Health ◽

Carbon Emissions ◽

Energy Use ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Gas Emissions ◽

Access To Food ◽

The Impact

Abstract The concentration of greenhouse gas emissions is considered to increase, and this can undermine the access to basic resources that are necessary for leading a healthy life such as access to food, water, health and environment. Environmental health is closely linked to human health and the world is witnessing an exponential increase in the trend of the greenhouse gas emissions which pose significant threat to both the environment and human health. Hence, this study contributes to the health-environment discourse and uses an unbalanced panel data on 46 European countries from 2005 to 2015 to investigate the impact of carbon emissions and non-renewable energy on infant and under-5 mortality rates. Consistent findings from static and dynamic analyses reveal that: (1) carbon emissions exhibit mortality-inducing properties; (2) non-renewable energy show mortality-reducing properties; (3) persistency in mortality rates exist; (4) the exacerbating (reducing) impact of emissions (non-renewable energy) dwindles (increases in absolute values) at higher distributions of mortality rates; and (5) Euro Union countries show lower mortality rates relative to non-Euro Union members. Policy recommendations are discussed.JEL Classification: I00, I10, I15, I18, I19

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Genetics, Epidemiology, and Cancer Disparities: Is it Black and White?

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2005.05.1656 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 24 (14) ◽

pp. 2164-2169 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Timothy R. Rebbeck ◽

Chanita Hughes Halbert ◽

Pamela Sankar

Keyword(s):

Human Health ◽

Human Disease ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Cancer Disparities ◽

Genetic Differences ◽

Genetic Studies ◽

Epidemiologic Research ◽

Disease Etiology ◽

Black And White ◽

Race Ethnicity

Epidemiologic studies attempt to understand the distribution and determinants of human disease. Epidemiologic research often incorporates information about race, ethnicity, or ancestry, usually as a self-identified race or ethnicity (SIRE) variable. Differences in the distribution and determinants of disease on the basis of SIRE may be identified in these studies. In addition, genetic and other biologic differences according to SIRE are frequently reported. If these differences are real and meaningful, they may have value in identifying disease-causative or -preventive factors, and thus may be beneficial to human health. However, the concepts of race, ethnicity, or ancestry are often poorly considered or crudely applied, particularly in genetic studies of disease etiology or outcome. Consequently, results suggesting genetic differences with respect to disease etiology or outcome across SIRE groups may not be meaningful; in fact, these differences may prove harmful if they propagate stereotypes or spurious differences. Therefore, it is critical to properly consider the meaning, definitions, and use of race, ethnicity, or ancestry in molecular epidemiologic studies.

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A Geroscience Perspective on COVID-19 Mortality

The Journals of Gerontology Series A ◽

10.1093/gerona/glaa094 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 75 (9) ◽

pp. e30-e33 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Daniel E L Promislow

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rates ◽

Biological Mechanisms ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

Age Dependent ◽

Causes Of Mortality ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

Effects Of Aging ◽

Almost All ◽

Age And Sex

Abstract A novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, emerged in December 2019, leading within a few months to a global pandemic. COVID-19, the disease caused by this highly contagious virus, can have serious health consequences, though risks of complications are highly age-dependent. Rates of hospitalization and death are less than 0.1% in children, but increase to 10% or more in older people. Moreover, at all ages, men are more likely than women to suffer serious consequences from COVID-19. These patterns are familiar to the geroscience community. The effects of age and sex on mortality rates from COVID-19 mirror the effects of aging on almost all major causes of mortality. These similarities are explored here, and underscore the need to consider the role of basic biological mechanisms of aging on potential treatment and outcomes of COVID-19.

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Nipah virus, a paramyxovirus that emerges from wildlife hosts and represent a threat to human health

Revista Mvz Córdoba ◽

10.21897/rmvz.1516 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 7089-7090

Author(s):

Salim Mattar ◽

Marco González-Tous ◽

Luis Salgado Arroyo

Keyword(s):

Human Health ◽

High Mortality ◽

Respiratory Diseases ◽

Nipah Virus ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

The Family

The Nipah virus (NiV) belongs to the family Paramyxoviridae, genus Henipavirus and has recently been recognized as causing serious diseases with high mortality rates in humans. In 1999, NiV was identified in Malaysia during an outbreak of encephalitis and respiratory diseases in pigs and in people responsible for the care of these animals,

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Ecological situation: the role of education and spirituality in improving health of population

International Journal of Health Sciences ◽

10.53730/ijhs.v5n3.1512 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 302-312

Author(s):

Nilufar K. Komilova ◽

Tura Rakhimova ◽

Rustamjon Kh. Allaberdiev ◽

Gulnara S. Mirzaeva ◽

Umriniso T. Egamberdiyeva

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Maternal Mortality ◽

Human Health ◽

Total Mortality ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Age Group ◽

Ecological Situation ◽

Demographic Development

Human health is one of the most important issues for every period of society’s development. After all, the state of development of any country is determined by the level of health and literacy of the population living in the region. The article highlights the ecological situation, the role of knowledge and spirituality in strengthening the health of the population in Uzbekistan, the achievements of medicine, ecology, socio-demographic development in the country during the years of independence data on the reduction of infant and maternal mortality in the age group of the population are also presented. It is known that in more than a quarter of a century (1991-2019), the total mortality rate in the country's population decreased by 1.2% or decreased from 6.2 per thousand to 4.9 per thousand. However, there are still areas with high mortality rates (in Tashkent, Tashkent, and Andijan regions), which can be explained by their location at the transport hub and industrialization. The study and analysis of their regional aspects are some of the important aspects of geographical research. The article also focuses on the issues related to climate change and their impact on the nosoecological situation.

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Effects of aging on axon terminals in the dentate molecular layer

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100128924 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 928-929

Author(s):

K. Cullen-Dockstader ◽

E. Fifkova

Keyword(s):

Granule Cells ◽

Molecular Layer ◽

Age Groups ◽

Long Term Potentiation ◽

Male Rats ◽

Perforant Path ◽

Axon Terminals ◽

Fischer 344 ◽

Spatial Memory Deficit ◽

Effects Of Aging

Normal aging results in a pronounced spatial memory deficit associated with a rapid decay of long-term potentiation at the synapses between the perforant path and spines in the medial and distal thirds of the dentate molecular layer (DML), suggesting the alteration of synaptic transmission in the dentate fascia. While the number of dentate granule cells remains unchanged, and there are no obvious pathological changes in these cells associated with increasing age, the density of their axospinous contacts has been shown to decrease. There are indications that the presynaptic element is affected by senescence before the postsynaptic element, yet little attention has been given to the fine structure of the remaining axon terminals. Therefore, we studied the axon terminals of the perforant path in the DML across three age groups.5 Male rats (Fischer 344) of each age group (3, 24 and 30 months), were perfused through the aorta.

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