scholarly journals New-Onset Cancer in the HF Population: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Cuomo ◽  
Francesca Paudice ◽  
Giovanni D’Angelo ◽  
Giovanni Perrotta ◽  
Antonio Carannante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiac Toxicity ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Neurohormonal Activation ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanisms ◽  
Common Risk Factors ◽  
Shared Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
New Onset

Abstract Purpose of Review Oncological treatments are known to induce cardiac toxicity, but the impact of new-onset cancer in patients with pre-existing HF remains unknown. This review focuses on the epidemiology, pathophysiological mechanisms, and clinical implications of HF patients who develop malignancies. Recent Findings Novel findings suggest that HF and cancer, beside common risk factors, are deeply linked by shared pathophysiological mechanisms. In particular, HF itself may enhance carcinogenesis by producing pro-inflammatory cytokines, and it has been suggested that neurohormonal activation, commonly associated with the failing heart, might play a pivotal role in promoting neoplastic transformation. Summary The risk of malignancies seems to be higher in HF patients compared to the general population, probably due to shared risk factors and common pathophysiological pathways. Additionally, management of these patients represents a challenge for clinicians, considering that the co-existence of these diseases significantly worsens patients’ prognosis and negatively affects therapeutic options for both diseases.

Abstract P221: The Impact of Prevalent and New-onset Cardiometabolic Risk on the Incidence of Hepatic Steatosis

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehimen C Aneni ◽  
Marcio S Bittencourt ◽  
Miguel Caínzos Achirica ◽  
Michael J Blaha ◽  
Ahmed M Soliman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Forest Plot ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Onset

Background: Little is known about hepatic steatosis (HS) incidence and its relationship to underlying or new-onset cardiometabolic risk. This study aims to assess the incidence of hepatic steatosis in an asymptomatic population and to determine its relationship to both prevalent and new-onset cardiometabolic risk factors. Methods: We analyzed retrospective data from a voluntary employer-sponsored routine health promotion evaluation at the Preventive Medicine Center of the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (São Paulo, Brazil) collected from October 2004 to December 2016.Medical and demographic history, anthropometric measures including blood pressure, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference, and fasting blood samples were obtained. Participants also had ultrasonography to assess for HS. We included data from 8,448 individuals who had complete cardiometabolic and ultrasound data at baseline and repeated all tests at least 6 months later. Results: The mean age (standard deviation, SD) of participants was 40 (9) years. Over a mean (SD) follow-up of 3.4 (2.3) years, the incidence of HS was 14.7%. As shown in the table, diabetes, poor physical activity, elevated waist circumference and cigarette smoking at baseline were independently associated with hepatic steatosis. There was an additive effect of the increasing cardiometabolic risk factors (see graph) on the risk of developing HS. Participants with new-onset cardiometabolic risk factors also had a higher risk of incident HS after accounting for baseline demographics and cardiometabolic risk factors (see forest plot). This was most pronounced for incident obesity (BMI ≥ 30 Kg/m 2 ). Conclusion: In this relatively young population, the incidence of HS was high and was both independently and collectively associated with baseline cardiometabolic risk. New-onset cardiometabolic risk tracks with incident HS. This study emphasizes the need for assessing and mitigating cardiometabolic risk in the prevention of HS.

On the impact of market mergers over herding: evidence from EURONEXT

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Andrikopoulos ◽  
Andreas Albin Hoefer ◽  
Vasileios Kallinterakis
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Market Volatility ◽  
Herd Behavior ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Common Risk Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
European Equity ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present and empirically test for the first time the hypothesis that herding in a market increases following the market's merger in an exchange group. Design/methodology/approach – The hypothesis is tested empirically in EURONEXT's four European equity markets (Belgium, France, the Netherlands and Portugal) on the premise of the Hwang and Salmon (2004) measure which allows us insight into the significance, structure and evolution of market herding. Tests are conducted for each market for the period prior to and after its merger into EURONEXT, controlling for a series of variables (market conditions, common risk factors, size) to gauge the robustness of the findings. Findings – Results indicate that, with the exception of Portugal, herding grows in significance, yet declines in momentum post-merger. The authors ascribe the findings to EURONEXT's enhanced transparency (which makes it easier for investors to observe their peers’ trades, thus allowing them to infer and free-ride on their information) and its fast-moving informational dynamics that render herding movements shorter-lived. These results are robust when controlling for various market states and common risk factors, with deviations being observed when controlling for size and market volatility. Originality/value – The study presents results for the first time on the impact of exchange mergers on herd behavior. The authors believe these to constitute useful stimulus for further research on the issue and bear important implications for regulators/policymakers in view of the ongoing proliferation of exchange mergers that has been underway since the 1990s.

Non-genetic risk factors for atrial fibrillation are equally important in both young and old age: A nationwide population-based study

2020 ◽  
pp. 204748732091566
Author(s):  
Yun Gi Kim ◽  
Kyung-Do Han ◽  
Jong-Il Choi ◽  
Yun Young Choi ◽  
Ha Young Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Genetic Risk Factors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Onset Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
New Onset

Aims There are several non-genetic risk factors for new-onset atrial fibrillation, including age, sex, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and alcohol consumption. However, whether these non-genetic risk factors have equal significance among different age groups is not known. We performed a nationwide population-based analysis to compare the clinical significance of non-genetic risk factors for new-onset atrial fibrillation in various age groups. Methods and results A total of 9,797,409 people without a prior diagnosis of atrial fibrillation who underwent a national health check-up in 2009 were included. During 80,130,090 person-years of follow-up, a total of 196,136 people were diagnosed with new-onset atrial fibrillation. The impact of non-genetic risk factors on new-onset atrial fibrillation was examined in different age groups. Obesity, male sex, heavy alcohol consumption, smoking, hypertension, diabetes and chronic kidney disease were associated with an increased risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation. With minor variations, these risk factors were consistently associated with the risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation among various age groups. Using these risk factors, we created a scoring system to predict future risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation in different age groups. In receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the predictive value of these risk factors ranged between 0.556 and 0.603, and no significant trends were observed. Conclusions Non-genetic risk factors for new-onset atrial fibrillation may have a similar impact on different age groups. Except for sex, these non-genetic risk factors can be modifiable. Therefore, efforts to control non-genetic risk factors might have relevance for both the young and old.

A Review of Lifetime Risk Factors for Mortality

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (S1) ◽  
pp. 17-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kuh ◽  
R. Hardy ◽  
M. Hotopf ◽  
D. A. Lawlor ◽  
B. Maughan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
System Level ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Research Collaborations ◽  
Common Risk Factors ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTThis review was undertaken for the Faculty and Institute of Actuaries as part of their programme to encourage research collaborations between health researchers and actuaries in order to understand better the factors influencing mortality and longevity. The authors presented their findings in a number of linked sessions at the Edinburgh conference (Joining Forces on Mortality and Longevity) in October 2009 and contributed to this overview. The purpose is to review evidence for the impact on adult mortality of characteristics of the individual's lifetime socioeconomic or psychosocial environment or phenotype at the behavioural; multi-system (e.g. cognitive and physical function); or body system level (e.g. vascular and metabolic traits) that may be common risk factors for a number of major causes of death. This review shows there is growing evidence from large studies and systematic reviews that these individual characteristics, measured in pre-adult as well as the adult life, are associated with later mortality risk. The relative contribution of lifetime environment, genetic factors and chance, whether these contributions change with age, and the underlying social and biological pathways are still to be clarified. This review identifies areas where further life course research is warranted.

Pathophysiological Mechanisms Underlying Excess Risk for Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease in South Asians: The Perfect Storm

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anurag Mehta ◽  
Sumitabh Singh ◽  
Anum Saeed ◽  
Dhruv Mahtta ◽  
Vera A. Bittner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
South Asians ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Excess Risk ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanisms ◽  
Ldl Particles ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Shared Risk

Background: South Asians are at a significantly increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), are diagnosed at relatively younger ages, and exhibit more severe disease phenotypes as compared with other ethnic groups. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying T2D and CVD risk in South Asians are multifactorial and intricately related. Method: Narrative review of the pathophysiology of excess risk of T2D and CVD in South Asians. Result: T2D and CVD have shared risk factors that encompass biological factors [early life influences, impaired glucose metabolism, and adverse body composition] as well as behavioral and environmental risk factors (diet, sedentary behavior, tobacco use, and social determinants of health). Genetics and epigenetics also play a role in explaining the increased risk of T2D and CVD among South Asians. Additionally, South Asians harbor several lipid abnormalities including high concentration of small-dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles, elevated triglycerides, low highdensity lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels, dysfunctional HDL particles, and elevated lipoprotein(a) that predispose them to CVD. Conclusion: In this comprehensive review, we have discussed risk factors that provide insights into the pathophysiology of excess risk of T2D and CVD in South Asians.

Seizures in Pediatric Patients With Liver Transplant and Efficacy of Levetiracetam

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 740-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betül Kılıç ◽  
Serdal Güngör ◽  
Müjgan Arslan ◽  
Mukadder Ayşe Selimoğlu ◽  
Sezai Yılmaz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Transplant Patient ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Symptomatic Epilepsy ◽  
Common Risk Factors ◽  
New Onset

The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors, clinical implications, and prognosis of new-onset seizures that occurred after pediatric liver transplantation, and to assess the efficacy of levetiracetam treatment. The clinical and laboratory data of liver transplanted 28 children who had seizures after liver transplantation and specifically of 18 children who received levetiracetam were analyzed retrospectively. Sixteen patients (88.9%) remained seizure-free and in 2 (11.1%), more than 50% reduction in seizures were detected with levetiracetam treatment. In conclusion, seizures are generally the most common complication by a spectrum of seizure types, and sometimes cause symptomatic epilepsy. The most common risk factors for seizures in transplant recipients is immunosuppressant toxicity. Currently, there isn’t a specific treatment involving the transplant patient population. Levetiracetam may be preferable in pediatric patients as it’s reliable for liver disease and has advantages in the treatment of postoperative seizures due to its intravenous usage.

scholarly journals Determinants of Minimum Dietary Diversity Among Children Aged 6–23 Months in 7 Countries in East and Southern Africa (P10-035-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunhee Kang ◽  
Kudakwashe Chimanya ◽  
Joan Matji ◽  
Aashima Garg ◽  
Rebecca Heidkamp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
East African ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Common Risk Factors ◽  
Shared Risk ◽  
Minimum Dietary Diversity ◽  
Child Age ◽  
Older Child

Abstract Objectives Study objectives were to identify the prevalence and risk factors associated with the newly revised WHO indicator of minimum dietary diversity (MDD) among children aged 6–23 months in 7 countries in East and Southern Africa and to identify shared risk factors of programmatic importance across countries. Methods MDD was defined as having >5 of 8 food groups including breastmilk in the past 24 hours. We used Demographic and Health Survey data from four East African countries, (Ethiopia 2015, n = 2965; Tanzania 2015, n = 3170; Rwanda 2014, n = 1162; Uganda 2016, n = 4418) and three Southern African countries, (Malawi 2015–16, n = 4879; Mozambique 2011, n = 3339, and Zambia 2013–14, n = 3776). A total of 8 child, 16 maternal, 8 household and 3 community level characteristics were selected for investigation and tested for associations with MDD using univariable logistical regression models. Significant (P < 0.05) variables were included in multivariable adjusted models. The sampling design of the original surveys was accounted for in all analyses. Results The proportion of children reaching MDD was highest in Mozambique (27.4%) and lowest in Ethiopia (12.0%). Among four East African countries, common risk factors for not meeting MDD apparent across multiple countries included lowest wealth quintile (Adjusted OR [AOR] range: 2.04∼3.45, ref: highest), no formal maternal education, (AOR: 1.68∼3.30, ref: higher education than secondary), maternal age of 15–24y (AOR: 1.28∼1.59, ref: 25–34y), mothers not engaging in agriculture work (ref: agriculture) (AOR: 1.64∼3.30) and protective risk factors included older child age (AOR: 0.46∼0.71, ref:6–11 months) and weekly exposure to media (radio, tv or newspaper; AOR: 0.56∼0.68). Among Southern African countries, female household head (AOR: 1.25∼1.72) was positively and older child age (AOR: 0.53∼0.67; ref:6–11 months) negatively associated with not meeting MDD. Conclusions Common risk factors were identified across countries and may help to inform policy and targeting of programs related to improving the quality of complementary feeding in the region. Funding Sources None.

scholarly journals Interstitial lung disease is a risk factor for ischaemic heart disease and myocardial infarction

Heart ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 106 (12) ◽  
pp. 916-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorna Elise Clarson ◽  
Ram Bajpai ◽  
Rebecca Whittle ◽  
John Belcher ◽  
Alyshah Abdul Sultan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Interstitial Lung Disease ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Ischaemic Heart Disease ◽  
Shared Risk ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesDespite many shared risk factors and pathophysiological pathways, the risk of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and myocardial infarction (MI) in interstitial lung disease (ILD) remains poorly understood. This lack of data could be preventing patients who may benefit from screening for these cardiovascular diseases from receiving it.MethodsA population-based cohort study used electronic patient records from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink and linked Hospital Episode Statistics to identify 68 572 patients (11 688 ILD exposed (mean follow-up: 3.8 years); 56 884 unexposed controls (mean follow-up: 4.0 years), with 349 067 person-years of follow-up. ILD-exposed patients (pulmonary sarcoidosis (PS) or idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (PF)) were matched (by age, sex, registered general practice and available follow-up time) to patients without ILD or IHD/MI. Rates of incident MI and IHD were estimated. HRs were modelled using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression accounting for potential confounders.ResultsILD was independently associated with IHD (HR 1.85, 95% CI 1.56 to 2.18) and MI (HR 1.74, 95% CI 1.44 to 2.11). In all disease categories, risk of both IHD and MI peaked between ages 60 and 69 years, except for the risk of MI in PS which was greatest <50 years. Men with PF were at greatest risk of IHD, while women with PF were at greatest risk of MI.ConclusionsILD, particularly PF, is independently associated with MI and IHD after adjustment for established cardiovascular risk factors. Our results suggest clinicians should prioritise targeted assessment of cardiovascular risk in patients with ILD, particularly those aged 60–69 years. Further research is needed to understand the impact of such an approach to risk management.

scholarly journals Can SARS-CoV-2 Infection Exacerbate Alzheimer’s Disease? An Overview of Shared Risk Factors and Pathogenetic Mechanisms

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Chiara Villa ◽  
Eleonora Rivellini ◽  
Marialuisa Lavitrano ◽  
Romina Combi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Vulnerable Group ◽  
Pathogenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Care Access ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Common Risk Factors ◽  
Shared Risk

The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2, is affecting every aspect of global society, including public healthcare systems, medical care access, and the economy. Although the respiratory tract is primarily affected by SARS-CoV-2, emerging evidence suggests that the virus may also reach the central nervous system (CNS), leading to several neurological issues. In particular, people with a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are a vulnerable group at high risk of contracting COVID-19, and develop more severe forms and worse outcomes, including death. Therefore, understanding shared links between COVID-19 and AD could aid the development of therapeutic strategies against both. Herein, we reviewed common risk factors and potential pathogenetic mechanisms that might contribute to the acceleration of neurodegenerative processes in AD patients infected by SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals The Impact of New-onset Atrial Fibrillation on Short-term and Long-term Mortality of Critically ill Patients with Candidemia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
zengli xiao ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
Xuebin Li ◽  
Youzhong An
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Onset Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Long Term Mortality ◽  
New Onset

Abstract Background Both new-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) and candidemia occurred frequently in critically ill patients, which are associated with poor outcomes. But, the association between NOAF and critically ill patients with candidemia is still uncertain. This study is try to identify the impact of NOAF on short-term and long-term mortality of critically ill patients with candidemia. Methods We retrospectively identified NOAF in all patients with candidemia admitted to a non-cardiac intensive care unit (ICU) from January 2011 to March 2018 in a teaching hospital. We categorized these patients into 3 groups (NOAF, Prior AF, No AF) and compared clinical information between groups. Risk factors for these patients’ short-term and long-term mortality were also analyzed. Results Ninety-two patients with candidemia were identified from 2011 to 2018. Among these patients, 26 (28.3%) developed NOAF during their hospital stay. The multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that stroke, anemia, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score and NOAF were independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality and NOAF was also the independent risk factor for 1 year mortality. Conclusions There was a high incidence of NOAF in critically ill patients with candidemia, which was associated with in-hospital mortality and 1 year mortality after hospital discharge. Further multicenter studies should be conducted to help confirm this relationship and to find effective interventions that reduce short-term and long-term mortality.

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