scholarly journals Tissue Distribution, Histopathological and Genotoxic Effects of Magnetite Nanoparticles on Ehrlich Solid Carcinoma

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heba Bassiony ◽  
Akmal A. El-Ghor ◽  
Taher A. Salaheldin ◽  
Salwa Sabet ◽  
Mona M. Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Magnetite Nanoparticles ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Metastatic Cancer ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Solid Carcinoma

AbstractNanoparticles can potentially cause adverse effects on cellular and molecular level. The present study aimed to investigate the histopathological changes and DNA damage effects of magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) on female albino mice model with Ehrlich solid carcinoma (ESC). Magnetite nanoparticles coated with L-ascorbic acid (size ~ 25.0 nm) were synthesized and characterized. Mice were treated with MNPs day by day, intraperitoneally (IP), intramuscularly (IM), or intratumorally (IT). Autopsy samples were taken from the solid tumor, thigh muscle, liver, kidney, lung, spleen, and brain for assessment of iron content, histopathological examination, and genotoxicity using comet assay. The liver, spleen, lung, and heart had significantly higher iron content in groups treated IP. On the other hand, tumor, muscles, and the liver had significantly higher iron content in groups treated IT. MNPs induced a significant DNA damage in IT treated ESC. While a significant DNA damage was detected in the liver of the IP treated group, but no significant DNA damage could be detected in the brain. Histopathological findings in ESC revealed a marked tumor necrosis, 50% in group injected IT but 40% in group injected IP and 20% only in untreated tumors. Other findings include inflammatory cell infiltration, dilatation, and congestion of blood vessels of different organs of treated groups in addition to appearance of metastatic cancer cells in the liver of non-treated tumor group. MNPs could have an antitumor effect but it is recommended to be injected intratumorally to be directed to the tumor tissues and reduce its adverse effects on healthy tissues.

The effect of dexamethasone on mucosal immunity of uterine tissue during pregnancy in rat

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Uterine Tissue ◽  
Leukocytic Infiltration

Disturbances in early pregnancy immunity affect embryo development, endometrial receptivity, placental development, fetal growth and lead to subfertility, dexamethasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid used for treatment of various complications. Immune cells and cytokines were examined during the early pregnancy in twenty-four female rats and six male rats for mating. Rats were grouped into two group control and dexamethasone treated by a dose of 50µgm/kgm body weight daily starting from one week before mating and persisted for one week after pregnancy. Blood samples were collected from each rat at 5hrs and at 1,3,7 day of pregnancy. Extracted RNA was subjected to real time PCR to determine mRNA levels for immune related genes interleukin1a(IL1A) and interleukin 10(IL10). Histopathological examination was done to uterus in order to detect leukocyte infiltration in uterine tissue. Results showed that significant increase in white blood cell count mainly eosinophil at 5hrs and lymphocyte at three and seven day of pregnancy of dexamethasone treated group. Moreover, TNF, C-reactive protein and progesterone were increased mainly at seven day of pregnancy of dexamethasone treated group. Similarly, interleukin 1alpha and interleukin 10 significantly increased at 5hrs and one day of pregnancy of dexamethasone treated group. In contrast, serum levels of total antioxidant capacity and estrogen were decreased significantly at 5hrs and seven day in dexamethasone treated group. Histopathological examination of uterus revealed leukocytic infiltration especially neutrophil and few eosinophils at five hours and one day of gestation then eosinophil become absent at 3day and seven day of dexamethasone group. Epithelial height and uterine gland diameter significantly increased at 5hrs, three day and seven days of gestation of dexamethasone treated group. The present investigation demonstrated that using of dexamethasone by dose of 50µgm/kgm during early pregnancy had a conflicting impact on some immune cytokines and parameters and may reflect a harmful response of immune system toward early period of pregnancy

scholarly journals In vivo evaluation of a recombinant N-acylhomoserine lactonase formulated in a hydrogel using a murine model infected with MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolate, CCASUP2

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masarra M. Sakr ◽  
Walid F. Elkhatib ◽  
Khaled M. Aboshanab ◽  
Eman M. Mantawy ◽  
Mahmoud A. Yassien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Systemic Spread

AbstractFailure in the treatment of P. aeruginosa, due to its broad spectrum of resistance, has been associated with increased patient mortality. One alternative approach for infection control is quorum quenching which was found to decrease virulence of such pathogen. In this study, the efficiency of a recombinant Ahl-1 lactonase formulated as a hydrogel was investigated to control the infection of multidrug resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa infected burn using a murine model. The recombinant N-acylhomoserine lactonase (Ahl-1) was formulated as a hydrogel. To test its ability to control the infection of MDR P. aeruginosa, a thermal injury model was used. Survival rate, and systemic spread of the infection were evaluated. Histopathological examination of the animal dorsal skin was also done for monitoring the healing and cellular changes at the site of infection. Survival rate in the treated group was 100% relative to 40% in the control group. A decrease of up to 3 logs of bacterial count in the blood samples of the treated animals relative to the control group and a decrease of up to 4 logs and 2.3 logs of bacteria in lung and liver samples, respectively were observed. Histopathological examination revealed more enhanced healing process in the treated group. Accordingly, by promoting healing of infected MDR P. aeruginosa burn and by reducing systemic spread of the infection as well as decreasing mortality rate, Ahl-1 hydrogel application is a promising strategy that can be used to combat and control P. aeruginosa burn infections.

scholarly journals Irradiation Accelerates Plaque Formation and Cellular Senescence in Flow‐Altered Carotid Arteries of Apolipoprotein E Knock‐Out Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Yamamoto ◽  
Manabu Minami ◽  
Kazumichi Yoshida ◽  
Manabu Nagata ◽  
Takeshi Miyata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Apolipoprotein E ◽  
Cellular Senescence ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Post Operation ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Secretory Phenotype

Background Chronic inflammation through cellular senescence, known as the senescence‐associated secretory phenotype, is a mechanism of various organ diseases, including atherosclerosis. Particularly, ionizing radiation (IR) contributes to cellular senescence by causing DNA damage. Although previous clinical studies have demonstrated that radiotherapy causes atherosclerosis as a long‐term side effect, the detailed mechanism is unclear. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between radiation‐induced atherosclerosis and senescence‐associated secretory phenotype in murine carotid arteries. Methods and Results Partial ligation of the left carotid artery branches in 9‐week‐old male apolipoprotein E‐deficient mice was performed to induce atherosclerosis. The mice received total body irradiation at a dose of 6 Gy using gamma rays at 2 weeks post operation. We compared the samples collected 4 weeks after IR with unirradiated control samples. The IR and control groups presented pathologically progressive lesions in 90.9% and 72.3% of mice, respectively. Plaque volume, macrophage accumulation, and phenotype switching of vascular smooth muscle cells were advanced in the IR group. Irradiated samples showed increased persistent DNA damage response (53BP1 [p53 binding protein 1]), upregulated cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors (p16INK4a and p21), and elevated inflammatory chemokines expression (monocyte chemotactic protein‐1, keratinocyte‐derived chemokine, and macrophage inflammatory protein 2). Conclusions IR promoted plaque growth in murine carotid arteries. Our findings support the possibility that senescence‐associated secretory phenotype aggravates atherogenesis in irradiated artery. This mice model might contribute to mechanism elucidation of radiation‐induced atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals Prolonged use of finasteride-induced gonadal sex steroids alterations, DNA damage and menstrual bleeding in women

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gadah Albasher ◽  
May Bin-Jumah ◽  
Saleh Alfarraj ◽  
Fatimah Al-Otibi ◽  
Nouf K. Al-Sultan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Heavy Menstrual Bleeding ◽  
Menstrual Bleeding ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dna Integrity ◽  
Adverse Health Effects

Abstract The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of prolonged use of finasteride on serum levels of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), estradiol (E2), progesterone, testosterone and androstenedione in women during the menstrual period. Further, to screen and compare the 5α-reductase activities through the expression of SRD5A1, SRD5A2 and AR gene and to determine the level of VEGF, VKOR and SAA gene expression and DNA damage. A total of 30 Saudi women aged between 25 and 35 years were enrolled in the study. The selected women were divided into two groups. The first group (n = 15) received 5 mg finasteride/day for prolonged period of one year and second group (n = 15) was taken as a healthy control. ELISA technique was used for measuring the serum levels of the targeted hormones, and Comet assay was used for checking the DNA integrity. Our findings revealed significant decrement of DHT, E2, progesterone and androstenedione levels and elevated levels of testosterone in group treated with daily oral doses of 5 mg finasteride/day compared with the control subjects. mRNA expression suggested that finasteride has concrete effects on the gene expression of the selected genes from the treated group in comparison with the control group. In addition, finasteride induced DNA damage, and heavy menstrual bleeding was noted in women treated with finasteride. In conclusion, the present findings revealed that finasteride has adverse health effects in women associated with gonadal sex steroids alterations, DNA damage and heavy menstrual bleeding with no consensus in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia in women.

Combined but not single administration of vitamin C and l-carnitine ameliorates cisplatin-induced gastric mucosa damage in male rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (8) ◽  
pp. 830-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Modinat Adebukola Adefisayo ◽  
Wale Johnson Adeyemi ◽  
Quadri Kunle Alabi
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltration ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Gastric Mucosa Damage

Although cisplatin is a potent anticancer drug, it instigates oxidative and pro-inflammatory reactions that pose significant and distressing clinical symptoms. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of vitamin C and (or) l-carnitine on cisplatin-induced gastric mucosa damage in rat. The rats were allocated into 6 groups (n = 5). The control group received distilled water, while the treatment groups received cisplatin alone (CIP), or cisplatin with vitamin C, l-carnitine, or their combination. Cisplatin caused disruption of the gastric mucosa histoarchitecture and altered the mucus barrier function. Moreover, the stomach tissue of the CIP-treated group showed increased levels of oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde and H2O2) and decreased activities of antioxidant (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase) and non-antioxidant (reduced glutathione) enzymes. These deleterious events were accompanied with significant increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory infiltration markers, myeloperoxidase and inducible nitric oxide synthase. However, the administration of both vitamin C and l-carnitine, and not either of the two showed additive effects in attenuating the adverse effects of cisplatin. The histological results agreed with the biochemical assays. The study concluded that the combined administration of vitamin C and l-carnitine, but not the single therapy, could prevent the adverse effects of cisplatin on gastric tissue.

Abstract 274: Polarization of Macrophage Confers Regenerative Capacity of Using Adipose Derived Regenerative Cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 113 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Shintani ◽  
Yuuki Shimizu ◽  
Changning Hao ◽  
Kazuhisa Kondo ◽  
Ryo Hayashida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Lymphatic Endothelial Cell ◽  
Limb Ischemia ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Tube Formation ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Ischemic Tissue ◽  
Regenerative Cells ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background: Recent studies indicate that macrophages (Mφ) have conflicting characteristics, pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory phenotypes. We previously demonstrated that implantation of adipose derived regenerative cells (ADRCs) augmented angiogenesis and lymph angiogenesis by modulating Mφ phenotype in animal models. We thus examine whether Mφ polarization to M2 type is important for neovascularization in various models. Methods and Results: Culture medium of ADRCs accelerated not only migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) but also polarization of M2 type Mφ. Cultured ADRCs released SDF-1, VEGF-C, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). PGE2 plays a key role for the polarization of M2 type Mφ via EP2/4 receptors. Matrigel tube formation assay conformed that ADRCs were incorporated into HUVEC network. In vivo, implanted ADRCs participated in the formation of capillary networks in ischemic tissue. In a mice model of tail lymphedema, the number of bone marrow derived Mφ was significantly higher in the ADRCs treated group than in the un-treated group. Most of Mφ differentiated into lymphatic endothelial cell in the edematous tissue and were polarized to M2 phenotype. Moreover, in a mice model of hind limb ischemia, implantation of ADRCs facilitated the polarization of Mφ into M2 type Mφ and up regulated IL-10 expression to suppress inflammation at ischemic tissue. Conclusion: Polarization into anti-inflammatory phenotype of Mφ plays an important role for regenerative action of ADRCs.

The Contribution of Sex Difference on Different Liver Histopathology Between Male and Female Mice After Oral Administration of Caffeine

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sholikhuddin Nafi’ ◽  
Tri Hartini Yuliawati ◽  
Prijati Sri Irawati ◽  
Nurina Hasanatuludhhiyah
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Liver Cell ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Liver Histopathology ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference

Background : There are several studies reporting the effect of caffeine on liver histopathology, but it remains controversy. The laboratory animal used in those studies were predominantly male, whereas there is contribution of sex difference on different liver reaction to xenobiotic between male and female subject. Objective : It is necessary to conduct a study to explore the differences between the liver histopathology of male and female mice after oral administration of caffeine. Methods : This study used 36 mice (Mus musculus) that were divided into 4 groups: male & female untreated groups and male & female treated groups which were orally administered with caffeine 0.4 mg / 20 gramBW daily for 30 days. At the end of treatment, mice were euthanized and dissected. Histopathological examination was done to determine the percentage of  liver cell death of each group. Results: The percentage of liver cell deathin female treated group was higher than male treated group (p = 0.0001). But there was no significant difference of liver cells death between male control and treated group and between female control and treated group. Conclusion : There was significant difference in liver histopathology between male and female mice after oral administration of caffeine.

scholarly journals Laxative Effect of Spicatoside A by Cholinergic Regulation of Enteric Nerve in Loperamide-Induced Constipation: ICR Mice Model

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Kim ◽  
Ji Park ◽  
Mi Kang ◽  
Hyeon Choi ◽  
Su Bae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Constipation ◽  
Water Channel ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Icr Mice ◽  
Cholinergic Regulation ◽  
Spicatoside A ◽  
Vehicle Treated Group

Researches on spicatoside A (SpiA)-containing natural products suggest the possibility of SpiA as a potential laxative to alleviate chronic constipation. However, no studies have been conducted with single compound administration of SpiA. To verify the laxative effects and mechanism of action of SpiA on chronic constipation, we investigated alterations in the excretion parameters, histological structure, and cholinergic regulation of the enteric nerve in the colons of Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice with loperamide (Lop)-induced constipation after exposure to 20 mg/kg of SpiA. Decrease in the number, weight and water contents of stools in the Lop+Vehicle treated group significantly recovered after SpiA treatment, and alterations in the histological structure and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images were improved in the Lop+SpiA treated group. Similar recovery effects were observed in the ability for mucin secretion and expression of the membrane water channel gene (aquaporin 8, AQP8). Furthermore, significant improvements were observed in the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and acetylcholine receptors’ (AChRs) downstream signaling pathway after treatment of SpiA. The levels of gastrointestinal (GI) hormones including cholecystokinin (CCK) and gastrin were also remarkably enhanced in the Lop+SpiA treated group as compared to the Lop+Vehicle treated group. The expression of receptor tyrosine kinase (C-kit) and protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5) in Cajal and neural cells, as well as the phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC) in smooth muscle cells, were recovered after SpiA exposure. Taken together, the results of the present study provide the first strong evidence that SpiA improves chronic constipation through muscarinic cholinergic regulation of the enteric nerve in a Lop-induced constipation ICR mice model.

scholarly journals Ascidian Tunicate Extracts Attenuate Rheumatoid Arthritis in a Collagen-induced Murine Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1400900
Author(s):  
Seong-Ho Hong ◽  
Jung-Taek Kwon ◽  
Jae-Ho Lee ◽  
Somin Lee ◽  
Ah Young Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Inflammatory Proteins

Murine rheumatoid arthritis models are often used to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of candidate drugs. The present study has been conducted in order to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of ascidian tunicate extracts in a collagen-induced arthritis DBA1/J mice model. Four types of formulas, ascidian tunicate extracts (ATE), crude ascidian tunicate glycans (ATEC), ascidian tunicate extracts with licorice extracts (ATEL), and crude ascidian tunicate glycans with licorice extracts (ATECL) were orally administered into DBA/1J mice for 3 weeks and paw edema and thickness were evaluated. Changes in inflammatory proteins and cytokines levels were monitored in hind leg tissues by Western blot and quantitative PCR analysis. The oral administration of ascidian tunicate extracts alleviated paw edema and improved the histological hind leg cartilage status. The extracts also reduced the matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) protein and prostaglandin E synthase (PGES) levels. In addition, the extracts-treated groups showed increased interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels compared with the non-treated group. These findings suggest that orally administered ascidian tunicate extracts might have potential therapeutic effects for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

255 THE ESTROGENIC EVALUATION OF PARABENS USING RAT UTERINE CALBINDIN-D9k

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 285
Author(s):  
T. T. B. Vo ◽  
E. B. Jeung
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Environmental Chemicals ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Calbindin D9k ◽  
The Difference

In the current study, calbindin-D9k (CaBP-9k), a potent biomarker for screening estrogen-like environmental chemicals in vivo and in vitro, was adopted to examine the potential estrogen-like property of the following parabens: propyl-, isopropyl-, butyl-, and isobutyl-paraben. Immature female rats were administered for 3 days from postnatal day 14 to 16 with 17?-ethinylestradiol (EE, 1 mg/kg of body weight (BW) per day) or parabens (62.5, 250, and 1000 mg/kg of BW per day). In uterotrophic assays, significantly increased uterus weights were detected in the EE-treated group and in the groups treated with the greatest dose of isopropyl-, butyl- and isobutyl-paraben. In addition, these parabens induced uterine CaBP-9k mRNA and protein levels, whereas co-treatment of parabens and fulvestrant (Faslodex, formerly known as ICI 182, 780), a pure estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist, completely reversed the paraben-induced gene expression and increased uterine weights. To investigate the ER-mediated mechanism(s) by which parabens exert their effects, the expression level of ERα and progesterone receptor (PR) was analyzed. Exposure to EE or parabens caused a dramatic decrease in expression of both ER? mRNA and protein levels, whereas co-treatment with fulvestrant reversed these effects. These data showed the difference of CaBP-9k and ER? expression, suggesting that CaBP-9k might not express via ER? pathway. In the effect of parabens on CaBP-9k expression through PR mediation, a significantly increased expression of uterine PR gene, a well-known ER regulating gene, at both transcriptional and translational levels was indicated in the greatest dose of isopropyl- and butyl-paraben. These parabens induced PR gene expression that was completely blocked by fulvestrant. This result indicates that CaBP-9k expression might involve PR mediates in the estrogenic effect of paraben in immature rat uteri. Taken together, parabens exhibited an estrogen-like property in vivo, which might be mediated by a PR and/or ER? signaling pathway. In addition, our results expanded the current understanding of the potential adverse effects of parabens associated with their estrogen-like activities. Further investigation is needed to elucidate in greater detail the adverse effects of parabens in humans and wildlife.

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