scholarly journals The human intervertebral disc as a source of DNA for molecular identification

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Becker ◽  
Nina Sophia Mahlke ◽  
Stefanie Ritz-Timme ◽  
Petra Boehme
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Genetic Profile ◽  
Str Typing ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Dna Profile ◽  
Forensic Casework ◽  
Genetic Profiles

AbstractGenetic analyses such as STR-typing are routinely used for identification purposes in forensic casework. Although genotyping techniques only require a minimum amount of DNA to provide a genetic profile, DNA quality differs not only between but also within tissues during ongoing decomposition. Initiated by a recent case where, due to the constitution of the body, preferred tissue was not available or only resulted in a partial and not usable DNA profile, the analysis of intervertebral discs as a source of DNA was considered. As the analysis of this tissue resulted in a high quality DNA profile a further study was performed in which thirty intervertebral discs dissected from bodies in different stages of decay were analyzed. All samples yielded good quality DNA in quantities suitable for STR-based amplification with no or only low degradation indices, resulting in complete genetic profiles. These results demonstrate the robustness of human intervertebral disc tissue as a source of DNA for molecular identification purposes.

Melatonin: Protection of the Intervertebral Disc

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Russel J Reiter ◽  
Sergio Rosales-Corral ◽  
Ramaswamy Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Lumbar Pain ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Protective Actions ◽  
Aging Populations ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Endogenous Melatonin

     Low back pain (lumbar pain) due to injury of or damage to intervertebral discs is common in all societies.  The loss of work time as a result of this problem is massive.  Recent research suggests that melatonin may prevent or counteract intervertebral disc damage. This may be especially relevant in aging populations given that endogenous melatonin, in most individuals, dwindles with increasing age. The publications related to melatonin and its protection of the intervertebral disc are reviewed herein, including definition of some molecular mechanisms that account for melatonin’s protective actions. 

EXPERIENCE OF CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT OF INTERVERTEBRAL DISC HERNIAS WITH CARIFLEX GEL AND CREAM IN AMBULATORY CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-8
Author(s):  
Zufar ADAMBAEV ◽  
◽  
Ibodulla KILICHEV ◽  
Tuygunoy XODJANOVA
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Conservative Treatment ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Complex Therapy

A complex therapy of patients with degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the spine with herniated intervertebral discs with neurological manifestations was carried out with the addition of phonophoresis Kariflex gel followed by segmental massage with Kariflex cream. The comparative evaluation of the method was carried out in 89 patients. Comparative analysis revealed the reliable efficiency of the method used. Against the background of the proposed therapy, there was a significant decrease in pain and muscle-tonic syndromes, an increase in the range of motion in the spine

ANALYSIS OF ABDOMINAL TYPHOID INCIDENCE IN THE SOUTH REGION OF THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Zakirova J.S. ◽  
Nadirbekova R.A. ◽  
Zholdoshev S.T.
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Radiation Factor ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Immunological Deficiency

The article analyze the long-term morbidity, spread of typhoid fever in the southern regions of the Kyrgyz republic, and remains a permanent epidemic focus in the Jalal-Abad region, where against the low availability of the population to high-quality drinking water, an additional factor on the body for more than two generations and radiation factor, which we confirmed by the spread among the inhabitants of Mailuu-Suu of nosological forms of the syndrome of immunological deficiency, as a predictor of risk groups for infectious diseases, including typhoid fever.

scholarly journals A Mapping Literature Review of Medical Cannabis Clinical Outcomes and Quality of Evidence in Approved Conditions in the USA from 2016 to 2019

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Sebastian Jugl ◽  
Aimalohi Okpeku ◽  
Brianna Costales ◽  
Earl J. Morris ◽  
Golnoosh Alipour-Haris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
The Body ◽  
Medical Cannabis ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Chronic Noncancer Pain ◽  
High Quality Evidence ◽  
Improved Outcomes ◽  
Noncancer Pain ◽  
Study Setting

In 2017, a National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) report comprehensively evaluated the body of evidence regarding cannabis health effects through the year 2016. The objectives of this study are to identify and map the most recently (2016–2019) published literature across approved conditions for medical cannabis and to evaluate the quality of identified recent systematic reviews, published following the NASEM report. Following the literature search from 5 databases and consultation with experts, 11 conditions were identified for evidence compilation and evaluation: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, autism, cancer, chronic noncancer pain, Crohn’s disease, epilepsy, glaucoma, human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS, multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson’s disease, and posttraumatic stress disorder. A total of 198 studies were included after screening for condition-specific relevance and after imposing the following exclusion criteria: preclinical focus, non-English language, abstracts only, editorials/commentary, case studies/series, and non-U.S. study setting. Data extracted from studies included: study design type, outcome definition, intervention definition, sample size, study setting, and reported effect size. Few completed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified. Studies classified as systematic reviews were graded using the Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews-2 tool to evaluate the quality of evidence. Few high-quality systematic reviews were available for most conditions, with the exceptions of MS (9 of 9 graded moderate/high quality; evidence for 2/9 indicating cannabis improved outcomes; evidence for 7/9 indicating cannabis inconclusive), epilepsy (3 of 4 graded moderate/high quality; 3 indicating cannabis improved outcomes; 1 indicating cannabis inconclusive), and chronic noncancer pain (12 of 13 graded moderate/high quality; evidence for 7/13 indicating cannabis improved outcomes; evidence from 6/7 indicating cannabis inconclusive). Among RCTs, we identified few studies of substantial rigor and quality to contribute to the evidence base. However, there are some conditions for which significant evidence suggests that select dosage forms and routes of administration likely have favorable risk-benefit ratios (i.e., epilepsy and chronic noncancer pain). The body of evidence for medical cannabis requires more rigorous evaluation before consideration as a treatment option for many conditions, and evidence necessary to inform policy and treatment guidelines is currently insufficient for many conditions.

scholarly journals Breakfast: A Crucial Meal for Adolescents’ Cognitive Performance According to Their Nutritional Status. The Cogni-Action Project

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1320
Author(s):  
Humberto Peña-Jorquera ◽  
Valentina Campos-Núñez ◽  
Kabir P. Sadarangani ◽  
Gerson Ferrari ◽  
Carlos Jorquera-Aguilera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Demand ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
The Body ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Peak Height Velocity ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Action Project

This study aimed to determine whether pupils who have breakfast just before a cognitive demand, do not regularly skip breakfast, and consume a high-quality breakfast present higher cognitive performance than those who do not; furthermore, to establish differences according to their nutritional status. In this study, 1181 Chilean adolescents aged 10–14 years participated. A global cognitive score was computed through eight tasks, and the body mass index z-score (BMIz) was calculated using a growth reference for school-aged adolescents. The characteristics of breakfast were self-reported. Analyses of covariance were performed to determine differences in cognitive performance according to BMIz groups adjusted to sex, peak height velocity, physical fitness global score, and their schools. A positive association was found in adolescents’ cognitive performance when they had breakfast just before cognitive tasks, did not regularly skip breakfast, presented at least two breakfast quality components, and included dairy products. No significant differences were found between breakfast components, including cereal/bread and fruits/fruit juice. Finally, pupils who were overweight/obese who declared that they skipped breakfast regularly presented a lower cognitive performance than their normal-BMIz peers. These findings suggest that adolescents who have breakfast just prior to a cognitive demand and regularly have a high quality breakfast have better cognitive performance than those who do not. Educative nutritional strategies should be prioritized, especially in “breakfast skippers” adolescents living with overweight/obesity.

scholarly journals Involvement of Autophagy in Rat Tail Static Compression-Induced Intervertebral Disc Degeneration and Notochordal Cell Disappearance

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5648
Author(s):  
Takashi Yurube ◽  
Hiroaki Hirata ◽  
Masaaki Ito ◽  
Yoshiki Terashima ◽  
Yuji Kakiuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Disc Degeneration ◽  
Time Course ◽  
The Body ◽  
Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase ◽  
Autophagic Flux ◽  
Static Compression ◽  
Notochordal Cell ◽  
Notochordal Cells ◽  
Rat Tail

The intervertebral disc is the largest avascular low-nutrient organ in the body. Thus, resident cells may utilize autophagy, a stress-response survival mechanism, by self-digesting and recycling damaged components. Our objective was to elucidate the involvement of autophagy in rat experimental disc degeneration. In vitro, the comparison between human and rat disc nucleus pulposus (NP) and annulus fibrosus (AF) cells found increased autophagic flux under serum deprivation rather in humans than in rats and in NP cells than in AF cells of rats (n = 6). In vivo, time-course Western blotting showed more distinct basal autophagy in rat tail disc NP tissues than in AF tissues; however, both decreased under sustained static compression (n = 24). Then, immunohistochemistry displayed abundant autophagy-related protein expression in large vacuolated disc NP notochordal cells of sham rats. Under temporary static compression (n = 18), multi-color immunofluorescence further identified rapidly decreased brachyury-positive notochordal cells with robust expression of autophagic microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) and transiently increased brachyury-negative non-notochordal cells with weaker LC3 expression. Notably, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling-positive apoptotic death was predominant in brachyury-negative non-notochordal cells. Based on the observed notochordal cell autophagy impairment and non-notochordal cell apoptosis induction under unphysiological mechanical loading, further investigation is warranted to clarify possible autophagy-induced protection against notochordal cell disappearance, the earliest sign of disc degeneration, through limiting apoptosis.

scholarly journals Non-destructive handheld XRF study of archaeological composite silver objects—the case study of the late Roman Seuso Treasure

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktória Mozgai ◽  
Bernadett Bajnóczi ◽  
Zoltán May ◽  
Zsolt Mráv
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Quality ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Composite Objects ◽  
Mechanical Attachment ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Made In ◽  
Late Roman

AbstractThis study details the non-destructive chemical analysis of composite silver objects (ewers, situlas, amphora and casket) from one of the most significant late Roman finds, the Seuso Treasure. The Seuso Treasure consists of fourteen large silver vessels that were made in the fourth–early fifth centuries AD and used for dining during festive banquets and for washing and beautification. The measurements were systematically performed along a pre-designed grid at several points using handheld X-ray fluorescence analysis. The results demonstrate that all the objects were made from high-quality silver (above 90 wt% Ag), with the exception of the base of the Geometric Ewer B. Copper was added intentionally to improve the mechanical properties of soft silver. The gold and lead content of the objects shows constant values (less than 1 wt% Au and Pb). The chemical composition as well as the Bi/Pb ratio suggests that the parts of the composite objects were manufactured from different silver ingots. The ewers were constructed in two ways: (i) the base and the body were made separately, or (ii) the ewer was raised from a single silver sheet. The composite objects were assembled using three methods: (i) mechanical attachment; (ii) low-temperature, lead-tin soft solders; or (iii) high-temperature, copper-silver hard solders. Additionally, two types of gilding were revealed by the XRF analysis, one with remnants of mercury, i.e. fire-gilding, and another type without remnants of mercury, presumably diffusion bonding.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Detect Avascular Necrosis After Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Talar Neck Fractures

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 742-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Thordarson ◽  
Mark J. Triffon ◽  
Michael R. Terk
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Avascular Necrosis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Type D ◽  
Titanium Screws ◽  
Signal Changes ◽  
Talar Neck Fractures

Twenty-one consecutive patients with displaced talar neck fractures (12 Hawkins type II, 9 Hawkins type III) were prospectively evaluated with magnetic resonance (MR) scans performed between 3 days and 12 months after surgery. All patients underwent open reduction and internal fixation with titanium screws, except two who underwent fixation with stainless steel implants that were subsequently removed. All patients had plain radiographs. We classified the scans as follows: type A, no abnormal signal changes in the body of the talus; type B, signal changes in less than 25% of the body; type C, signal changes in 25% to 50% of the body; and type D, signal changes in greater than 50% of the body. Plain anteroposterior radiographs correlated well with MR scans in patients with type D scans, but an inconsistent correlation was noted with lesser degrees of signal changes (types A–C), with the MR scans being more accurate in displaying the volume of avascular bone. Scans obtained less than 3 weeks after injury were not helpful in assessing for avascular necrosis. We found that high-quality MR images of the talus were consistently obtained in the presence of titanium screws in contrast to images obtained with stainless steel implants. We use titanium screws in all talar neck fracture repairs, because they permit high-quality MR images. We believe that further study of patients with Hawkins type III fractures and Hawkins type II fractures with equivocal radiographic evidence of avascular necrosis is warranted to try to identify those patients at risk for collapse and perhaps to guide weightbearing recommendations.

Treatment of protruded lumbar intervertebral discs with chymopapain (Discase)

1973 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwight Parkinson ◽  
Christopher Shields
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Food And Drug Administration ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Intervertebral Disc Disease ◽  
Disc Disease ◽  
Chemical Action ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Thirty-three intervertebral disc patients who otherwise would have been subjected to surgery were treated by injection with chymopapain. The pharmacology, toxicology, physiology, immunology, and chemical action of this enzyme, which specifically reacts with chondromucoproteins, are discussed. Results indicate that this method, although still experimental and unapproved by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration, may become a useful addition to the surgeon's armamentarium in the treatment of intervertebral disc disease.

Finite Element Study of Oxygen Diffusion in the Intervertebral Disc

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Sélard ◽  
A. Shirazi-Adl ◽  
J. P. G. Urban
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Oxygen Diffusion ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cellular Viability ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Concentration Gradients ◽  
Exchange Area ◽  
The Matrix

Abstract The intervertebral disc consists of a water-rich extra-cellular matrix which is synthesized and maintained by its cells. The disc is the largest avascular tissue in the body with its cells lying as much as 8mm away from the blood supply. Nutrients, essential for maintaining cellular viability, diffuse through the matrix from blood supply under a concentration gradient arising from cellular demand. The oxygen concentration gradients in the intervertebral disc are investigated to examine the effects of exchange area and disc thickness on oxygen flux in the disc. The concentration gradients are computed using the two-dimensional Poisson’s equation and measured values for oxygen consumption rate and oxygen diffusion.

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